抗CEA免疫毒素的表达、纯化、复性与生物学活性的研究

以抗癌胚抗原（Carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA）单链抗体与假单胞菌外毒素（Pseudomonas exotoxin A, PEA）的截短和修饰形式PE38/KDEL构建重组免疫毒素CEA/PE38/KDEL,并在大肠杆菌菌株BL21(DE3)-star中表达。采用镍离子螯合层析法纯化变性的包涵体样品,并用连续梯度透析的方法对纯化后的包涵体进行复性。采用流式细胞术鉴定复性产物与靶细胞的结合活性,结果表明免疫毒素CEA/PE38/KDEL具有与靶细胞特异性结合的活性。以MTT法检测免疫毒素对肿瘤细胞的体外杀伤活性,结果表明该免疫毒素对SW1116和CNE_2细胞具有特异性杀伤活性。证明了经包涵体复性的抗CEA免疫毒素CEA/PE38/KDEL对表达CEA抗原的肿瘤细胞具有良好的结合和杀伤活性。     

高纯度白介素-3与假单胞菌外毒素融合蛋白的表达、纯化及质谱鉴定

旨在利用简单的表达纯化工艺,获得纯度较高、有活性的重组免疫毒素IL3-PE38KDEL并对其物理学及免疫学性质进行鉴定。利用PQE30-IL3-PE38KDEL/SG12009工程菌表达重组免疫毒素IL3-PE38KDEL,在提取包涵体后经一步强阳离子柱层析得到纯度较高的免疫毒素复性纯化产物,用Westenblotting、质谱、氨基测序等先进技术对产物鉴定。结果显示,发酵后目的蛋白表达量占总菌体的17.56%,经强阳离子柱层析纯化复性后的目的蛋白纯度达到90%以上,Western blotting、质谱、氨基测序结果均表明,纯化产物分子量为54.9kD且具有相应的免疫学活性,序列与预期序列完全一致。纯化复性方法对重组免疫毒素IL3-PE38KDEL的生物性质及纯度有较大影响,因此选择一种适当的纯化复性方法至关重要。     

抗 HER2-hTNF-α新型免疫毒素的制备及功能研究

HER2/neu 基因在肿瘤中的过度表达使其成为许多肿瘤的标志分子 . 为了增加过度表达 HER2/neu 的肿瘤细胞对肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF) 的敏感性和提高 HER2/neu 抗体的肿瘤杀伤效应,将抗 HER2/neu 单链抗体 C6.5 与人肿瘤坏死因子 hTNF-α融合,构建了 scFvC6.5-hTNF-α融合蛋白,完成了重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达,产率为 400 μg/L 菌液 . 经过亲和层析和柱复性,融合蛋白的纯度达 95％以上 . ELISA 试验表明, scFvC6.5-hTNF-α能够特异结合 HER2/neu 阳性卵巢癌细胞 SKOV-3 和乳腺癌细胞 MCF-7 ,而不结合 HER2/neu 阴性的黑色素瘤细胞 A375. MTT 试验表明, scFvC6.5-hTNF-α能够选择性地杀伤 SKOV-3 和 MCF-7 细胞,而不影响 A375 细胞的生长 . 这种肿瘤细胞特异性杀伤作用提示该免疫毒素具有肿瘤靶向治疗的潜在应用价值 .     

人EGF受体L2结构域在大肠杆菌中表达、包涵体柱上复性及纯化

以PCR方法从克隆的EGFR胞外区cDNA中扩增编码EGFR-L2结构域的DNA片段,在其3′端加入编码His6标签的序列,与pET-3c连接构建EGFR-L2原核表达载体。该蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中获得高效表达,免疫印迹分析表明表达产物全部以包涵体形式存在,分步透析法和稀释法都不能获得可溶性复性产物,而Ni²⁺-NTA柱上复性法不仅能够获得可溶性的EGFR-L2蛋白,而且产物同时得到高度纯化,纯度>95％,复性的EGFR-L2与其配基EGF具有特异性的结合活性,但亲和力较低。这表明His6标签不但便于纯化目标蛋白,而且可利用Ni²⁺-NTA柱进行柱上复性,适用于不易通过常规方法复性的重组蛋白的制备。     

白细胞介素2免疫毒素研究进展

应用基因工程技术已研制出多种免疫毒素,IL-2免疫毒素是研究最为成功的例子之一,包括IL-2与绿脓杆菌外毒素的融合蛋白,IL-2与白喉毒素的融合蛋白等.这类毒素以IL-2为导向分子,IL-2受体阳性细胞为靶细胞,治疗移植排斥反应、自身免疫性疾病、T细胞淋巴瘤等疾病,在Ⅰ/Ⅱ期临床试验中已取得了较好的疗效.但是这类免疫毒素对人体均有较强的抗原性,使治疗时间和效果均受限制,为此研制了人源化的IL-2免疫毒素,能在体内外杀伤IL-2受体阳性细胞.     

口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白3A、3B和2C基因的表达及产物纯化与活性检测

[目的]口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)非结构蛋白(NSP)3A、3B和2C基因的表达及产物纯化与活性检测.[方法]利用原核表达系统表达了FMDV NSP 3A、3B和富含B细胞抗原位点序列的2C蛋白.利用高浓度尿素裂解包涵体,采用稀释法和氧化型、还原型谷胱甘肽系统相结合方法对2C蛋白进行复性.用金属鳌合亲合层析的方法对表达的FMDV NSP 3A、3B和2C进行纯化.采用ELISA方法对比检测了3种纯化蛋白在检测羊血清NSP抗体的效果.[结果]检测得知3A和3B为可溶性表达蛋白,2C以包涵体形式表达.通过Western-blot分析,表明纯化后蛋白能与FMDV感染动物血清发生特异性反应.纯化的3A、3B和复性后的2C融合蛋白与3ABC抗原的检测结果具有很高的符合性.[结论]该研究为建立鉴别FMDV自然感染动物和灭活疫苗免疫动物的酶联免疫电转移印迹技术(EITB)提供了所需的材料.     

尖吻蝮蛇毒碱性磷脂酶A2的表达及其生化特征

将尖吻蝮蛇毒碱性磷脂酶A2 (A .aBPLA2 )基因克隆至温敏表达载体 pBLMVL2 ,在大肠杆菌RR1中成功诱导表达 .表达产物A .aBPLA2 约占细菌蛋白质总量的 2 0 % ,并以包涵体的形式存在 .纯化包涵体后 ,将产物变性、复性 ,然后用FPLCSuperoseTM12纯化 ,产物经过SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测只有单一条带 .对纯化后的表达A .aBPLA2 进行了酶活性、抑制血小板聚集活性和溶血活性的测定 .结果显示 ,表达A .aBPLA2的酶活性与变性后复性江浙蝮蛇酸性磷脂酶A2 酶活性相近 ,具有类似变性后复性江浙蝮蛇碱性磷脂酶A2 的溶血活性 ,没有抑制血小板聚集活性 .最后对磷脂酶A2 的结构与这些活性的关系进行了讨论     

FGFR2Ⅲc胞外段的原核表达及其对前列腺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用

将FGFR2Ⅲc胞外段基因转入pEt3c载体,并通过大肠杆菌使其以包涵体形式表达.经透析法复性和肝素亲和层析纯化,得到纯度95%以上的目的蛋白.通过免疫共沉淀方法证实复性后的FGFR2Ⅲc胞外段与FGF2之间可特异性结合,并对前列腺癌DU145细胞的增殖具有明显的抑制作用(MTT法).免疫印迹结果显示FGFR2Ⅲc胞外段可显著下调DU145细胞膜上FGFRs的磷酸化水平,提示由于有效阻断FGFs的细胞内信号通路,从而导致FGFR2Ⅲc胞外段对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制.     

VISTA-Ig融合蛋白的表达及其包涵体复性研究

[目的]构建VISTA-Ig融合蛋白表达载体,进行诱导表达获得VISTA-Ig融合蛋白。[方法]以C57BL/6小鼠脾脏细胞c DNA为模板,扩增小鼠VISTA胞外段基因,利用重叠延伸PCR的方法合成VISTA-Ig融合基因,构建重组质粒p ET-22b-VISTA-Ig,在大肠杆菌表达菌株E.coli BL21(DE3)中诱导表达。[结果]VISTA-Ig融合蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在。变性后,利用镍柱纯化,通过采用氧化型/还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH/GSSG)复性体系,复性效率达到80%以上,提高了复性效率。利用r Protein A柱对目标蛋白进一步纯化,Western Blot鉴定结果显示,能与Ig G Fc(HRP)抗体特异性结合。[结论]成功构建了重组质粒p ET-22b-VISTA-Ig,纯化的VISTA-Ig包涵体蛋白复性效率得到明显提高,为后续VISTA-Ig免疫学功能的研究奠定了基础。     

组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-2的表达纯化及活性鉴定

组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-2 (TIMP-2) 抑制肿瘤迁移及侵袭。文中以人TIMP-2为研究对象,探索人TIMP-2蛋白的原核表达特征,并进行纯化及活性鉴定。以人肺癌A549细胞的总RNA反转录得到的cDNA为模板,克隆人TIMP-2基因,构建pET28a重组表达载体;经酶切检测和测序分析的重组表达载体pET28a-TIMP-2转入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) 中,利用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷 (IPTG) 诱导表达,并对表达条件进行优化。经镍亲和柱纯化后,用Western blotting法鉴定融合蛋白His-TIMP-2,并用明胶酶谱法检测融合蛋白的活性。研究发现融合蛋白His-TIMP-2在E. coli BL21(DE3) 中以包涵体的形式存在;在一定范围内,IPTG浓度对His-TIMP-2的表达量没有显著影响;而在该表达系统中,诱导温度和时间是关键参数,His-TIMP-2的表达量随诱导温度升高而增加;纯化并复性后的融合蛋白His-TIMP-2能有效抑制人肺癌A549细胞表达的基质金属蛋白酶的活性。具有活性的融合蛋白的获得为后续深入研究人TIMP-2的功能及机制奠定基础,并对肿瘤治疗具有重要意义。     

Gene expression and function study of fusion immunotoxin anti-Her-2-scFv—SEC2 in Escherichia coli

The whole sec2 DNA fragment was obtained by polymerase chain reaction with total genomic DNA extracted from Staphylococcus aureus. The newly discovered gene contains 717 bp (GenBank Accession number AY450554) and encodes 239 amino acids in accordance with the protein sequence reported in GenBank. The sec2 gene was fused to anti-Her-2 scFv gene with a DNA linker at the upstream to construct the fusion gene of immunotoxin which was subcloned to expression vector pET-32a(+) and expressed efficiently in Escherichia coli. The purified fusion immunotoxin could target the HER-2 overexpressed by breast tumor cell SK-Br-3 in vitro and demonstrate tumor-inhibition effect on SK-Br-3.     

鸡源抗菌肽Fowlicidin-2在大肠杆菌中的 重组表达及其生物学活性鉴定

【目的】对抗菌肽Fowlicidin-2基因进行克隆与表达,并鉴定其生物学活性。【方法】根据抗菌肽Fowlicidin-2氨基酸序列,依照大肠杆菌(E.coli)密码子的偏爱性,人工设计合成其编码基因。与质粒pET-32a连接,构建重组表达载体,转化表达宿主菌E.coliBL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,融合蛋白经溴化氰裂解后进行纯化,测定重组抗菌肽的抑菌活性。【结果】Fowlicidin-2融合蛋白以包涵体形式表达,经溴化氰裂解后,成功释放出Fowlicidin-2,获得的重组Fowlicidin-2对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有明显的抑菌效果。【结论】实现了抗菌肽Fowlicidin-2的重组表达,为抗菌肽的重组量化制备提供了理论基础与技术手段。     

Expression and characterization of recombinant soluble porcine CD3 ectodomain molecules: mapping the epitope of an anti-porcine CD3 monoclonal antibody 898H2-6-15

The porcine CD3 specific monoclonal antibody 898H2-6-15 has been used in allo- and xeno-transplantation studies as a porcine CD3 marker and as an effective T cell depletion reagent when conjugated to the diphtheria toxin mutant, CRM9. A recombinant anti-porcine CD3 immuntoxin was recently developed using single-chain variable fragments (scFv) derived from 898H2-6-15. In this study, using published sequence data, we have expressed the porcine CD3 ectodomain molecules in E. coli through inclusion body isolation and in vitro refolding approach. The expressed and refolded porcine CD3 ectodomain molecules include CD3ε, CD3γ, CD3δ, CD3εγ heterodimer, CD3εδ heterodimer, CD3εγ single-chain fusion protein and CD3εδ single-chain fusion protein. These refolded porcine CD3 ectodomain molecules were purified with a strong anion exchange resin Poros 50HQ. ELISA analysis demonstrated that only the porcine CD3εγ ectodomain single-chain fusion protein can bind to the porcine CD3 specific monoclonal antibody 898H2-6-15. The availability of this porcine CD3εγ ectodomain single-chain fusion protein will allow screening for affinity matured variants of scFv derived from 898H2-6-15 to improve the recombinant anti-porcine CD3 immunotoxin. Porcine CD3εγ ectodomain single-chain fusion protein will also be a very useful reagent to study the soluble phase interaction between porcine CD3εγ and porcine CD3 antibodies such as 898H2-6-15.     

猪α1-干扰素的基因改造与高效原核表达

poIFNα1基因中含有大量的大肠杆菌稀有密码子,为了获得高表达,使用了大肠杆菌的偏爱密码子,人工合成了poIFN|α1成熟蛋白编码基因。在保留编码蛋白序列的同时,使其5′端A+T的含量增加到最大限度,并将其终止密码子改为TAA。将合成的poIFNα1成熟蛋白编码基因插入原核单纯表达载体pRLC中,转化大肠杆菌DH5α。实现了poIFNα1在大肠杆菌中的高效表达,表达产物以包涵体形式存在。纯化的包涵体经含DTT的6 mol/L盐酸胍的变性液溶解及含GSHGSSG的复性液复性处理,复性后的表达产物浓缩后经凝胶层析纯化,细胞病变抑制法测定表明,重组poIFNα1具有较高的抗病毒活性,约为6.4x10⁶u/mg。      

白细胞介素—2—绿脓杆菌外毒素融合蛋白的分高纯化及其复性研究

表达的白细胞介素－２－绿脓杆菌外毒素（ＩＬ－２－ＰＥ）融合蛋白以包含体形式存在于宿主菌中,为分离纯化表达产物提供了方便,但因需进行复性,也增加了后处理的难度．我们采用４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ尿素、０．５％ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００的１×ＰＢＳ洗涤包含体两遍,再经ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－３００分子筛及ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＦＦ阴离子交换柱层析后,获得的融合蛋白纯度可达９０％～９５％。此外,我们从ＧＳＳＧ浓度、Ｌ－精氨酸浓度、复性蛋白质的起始浓度、复性液的ｐＨ值、复性温度及复性时间等参数入手,系统地研究了融合蛋白的复性条件,探索到了ＩＬ－２－ＭＥ４０和ＩＬ－２－ＰＥ６６４Ｇｌｕ融合蛋白复性的最适条件。     

Expression in Escherichia coli and in vitro refolding of the plant transcription factor Arabidopsis thaliana RGL3

Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana (At) RGL-3, using two vectors pMAL-c2 and pET 21, was expressed as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli under a range of temperature conditions. Only low levels (8-12% of total protein) of soluble protein were produced. The "soluble" fraction was shown by native PAGE to exist as soluble aggregates of RGL-3. A method was developed, consisting of induction of expression at various temperatures that yielded high levels of refoldable inclusion bodies using the pET vector. (At) RGL-3, as inclusion bodies, was solubilized in 8M urea and refolding was initiated by 20-fold direct dilution of denaturant. Under optimal conditions, 87% of the denatured protein of inclusion bodies was successfully re-natured. Refolding was monitored by "native" PAGE. Refolded RGL-3 was shown to be present as monomers and dimers. Attempts to further purify His-tagged RGL-3 using Ni/NTA chromatography resulted in the formation of higher polymers.     

狂犬病病毒重组免疫毒素的表达及其生物活性鉴定

将狂犬病病毒中和性单链抗体基因克隆入原核表达载体pET-PE40,经酶切鉴定及序列测定,成功构建了重组免疫毒素原核表达载体。IPTG诱导后目的蛋白获得高效表达,SDS-PAGE分析目的蛋白主要以不溶性包涵体的形式存在于菌体中,表达量占菌体总蛋白的32.29％。包涵体蛋白经体外复性及离子交换色谱柱、疏水作用色谱柱、Sephadex G200凝胶过滤层析柱三步纯化后获得纯度大于96％的目的蛋白,间接免疫荧光染色检测表明重组免疫毒素与狂犬病病毒感染细胞具有抗原结合活性,MTT试验显示,重组免疫毒素对狂犬病病毒感染细胞具有明显的杀伤作用,而对正常细胞无杀伤作用。     

Expression, purification, and refolding of a novel immunotoxin containing humanized single-chain fragment variable antibody against CTLA4 and the N-terminal fragment of human perforin

Immunotoxins might be potential in treatment of cancer for their ability to kill selected cell populations. We constructed a novel immunotoxin hS83P34 by fusing N-terminal 34 amino acid fragment of human perforin to the C-terminus of humanized single-chain fragment variable antibody against CTLA4. The fusion protein was inductively expressed as inclusion bodies at a high level about 30% of total bacterial proteins. After washing with buffer containing 2 M urea, the purity of inclusion body was about 71%. The washed inclusion bodies were solubilized in 8 M urea and further purified to homogeneity (approximately 92% purity) by cation-exchange chromatography and Ni-agarose affinity chromatography under denaturing condition. The inclusion body refolding conditions were optimized following Pro-Matrix Protein Refolding Guide. After refolded in Tris buffer (pH 8.0) containing 1M urea, 0.8 M l-arginine, and 2 mM GSH:0.2 mM GSSG or 2 mM GSH:0.4 mM GSSG for 18h at 4 degrees C, over 90% proteins were recovered from inclusion bodies. In vitro dose-dependent cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that hS83P34 is only toxic to CTLA4-positive cells. IC(50) of hS83P34 for leukemic cells Raji and 6T-CEM are about 0.85 and 1.3 microM individually. Whereas, CTLA4-negative endothelial cell ECV-304 is resistant to hS83P34.     

Src and CXCR4 are involved in the invasiveness of breast cancer cells with acquired resistance to lapatinib

Lapatinib is a dual EGFR and ErbB-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has significantly improved the clinical outcome of ErbB-2-overexpressing breast cancer patients. However, patients inexorably develop mechanisms of resistance that limit the efficacy of the drug. In order to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention in lapatinib-resistant patients, we isolated, from ErbB-2-overexpressing SK-Br-3 breast cancer cells, the SK-Br-3 Lap-R-resistant subclone, which is able to routinely grow in 1 µM lapatinib. Resistant cells have a more aggressive phenotype compared with parental cells, as they show a higher ability to invade through a matrigel-coated membrane. Lapatinib-resistant cells have an increased Src kinase activity and persistent levels of activation of ERK1/2 and AKT compared with parental cells. Treatment with the Src inhibitor saracatinib in combination with lapatinib reduces AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and restores the sensitivity of resistant cells to lapatinib. SK-Br-3 Lap-R cells also show levels of expression of CXCR4 that are higher compared with parental cells and are not affected by Src inhibition. Treatment with saracatinib or a specific CXCR4 antibody reduces the invasive ability of SK-Br-3 Lap-R cells, with the two drugs showing cooperative effects. Finally, blockade of Src signaling significantly increases TRAIL-induced cell death in SK-Br-3 Lap-R cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that breast cancer cells with acquired resistance to lapatinib have a more aggressive phenotype compared with their parental counterpart, and that Src signaling and CXCR4 play an important role in this phenomenon, thus representing potential targets for therapeutic intervention in lapatinib-resistant breast cancer patients.     

Biosynthesis, purification, and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor 2 fragment (CB2(271-326))

Obtaining sufficient amount of purified G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) is almost always one of the major challenges for their structural studies. CB2_271–326, a human cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) fragment comprising part of the third extracellular loop (EL3), the seventh transmembrane domain (TM7) and C-terminal juxtamembrane region of the receptor, was over-expressed as a fusion protein into inclusion body (IB) of Escherichia coli. The fusion protein was purified by histidine-selected nickel affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions. Then, the fusion protein IBs were solubilized in detergent (Brij58) and the expression fusion leader sequence (TrpLE) was specifically cleaved with tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease. The target fragment, CB2_271–326, was subsequently purified by reverse-phase HPLC and confirmed by SDS–PAGE and mass spectrometry. This hydrophobic fragment can refold in mild detergents digitonin and Brij58. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of CB2_271–326 in digitonin and Brij58 micelles showed that the fragment adopts a more than 75% α-helical structure, with the remainder having β-strand structure. Fluorescence spectroscopy and quenching studies suggested that the C-terminal region lies near the surface of the digitonin micelles and the TM7 region is folded relatively close to the center of the micelles. This study may provide an alternative strategy for the production and structure/functional studies of GPCRs such as CB2 receptor protein produced in the form of IBs.