毛霉脂肪酶的研究

从土样中分离筛选到一株脂肪酶菌株—毛霉(Mucor sp.)M₂,其优化后的培养基组成(%);黄豆粉4.0、蔗糖0.5、橄榄油1.0、硫酸铵0.1、磷酸氢二钾0.2硫酸镤0.01、pH自然。产酶最适条件：初始pH6.5、培养温度28℃、培养周期96h.该酶最适作用温度50℃、最适pH8.0、pH稳定范围为7.0～10.0,Fe²⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺对酶有激活作用。     

豆乳凝固酶产生菌UV-10发酵条件及其酶学性质的研究

豆乳凝固酶产生菌Bacillussp .UV 1 0的最适产酶条件 :初始pH6 4,温度 2 6℃ ,培养时间 1 9h ,需要较大的通气量。酶的最适作用pH和温度分别为 5 8和 70℃。在最适条件下酶活力可达 1 84u/mL。pH6 0～ 7 0稳定性较好。 6 0℃下 1h残余酶活 6 0 %。Ca²⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg²⁺,Na⁺对其有较强的激活作用 ,而Zn²⁺,Al相似文献   

木聚糖酶生产菌Saccharothrix variisporea YJ的筛选、发酵条件及酶学性质研究

以Azo-xylan为底物,利用双层平板法从堆肥中筛选到可降解木聚糖的菌株,16S rRNA测序分析显示该菌株与糖丝菌属（Saccharothrix variisporea）的同源性最高（99.33%）,命名为S. variisporea YJ。研究发现以酵母提取物或(NH₄)₂SO₄作为氮源、甘蔗叶作为碳源、初始pH值 7.0、发酵温度40 ℃、发酵时间5 d时,发酵液中木聚糖酶的酶活性最高。酶学性质研究表明该木聚糖酶的最适反应温度及pH值分别为55 ℃和8.0,在55 ℃以下及pH值 4.0~10.0的范围内保持较高稳定性。Na⁺能有效提高木聚糖酶活性,Mg²⁺和Mn²⁺没有明显影响,Cu²⁺则严重抑制木聚糖酶活性。此外,发酵液还可以直接对天然底物玉米芯进行降解。     

海藻糖酶产生菌的选育、鉴定及其酶学特性初探

海藻糖酶可特异性将1分子海藻糖分解为2分子葡萄糖,在乙醇工业、食品等行业中具有广阔的应用前景。从环境土壤中筛选到1株海藻糖酶产生菌C2,根据形态学分析和分子生物学鉴定将其命名为大黄欧文氏菌（Erwinia rhapontici）。该菌株产海藻糖酶的最适温度为40 ℃,最适pH为5.0,在酸性及低于35 ℃条件下,该酶具有较高的稳定性,Ca²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺、Mn²⁺、Cu²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺和Fe²⁺对海藻糖酶酶活具有促进作用,DMSO和DTT对酶活具有一定的提升作用,而Triton X-114、SDS和PMSF则对酶活具有抑制作用。     

木霉GXC产β-葡聚糖酶条件和酶学性质

研究了木霉GXC产 β 葡聚糖酶的条件。结果表明 ,最适产酶碳源为麸皮 ,氮源为硫酸铵 ;产酶的最适条件为 :初始pH为 4 0～ 5 0 ,30℃培养 44h。粗酶液经硫酸铵沉淀、SephadexG 2 5、SephadexG 1 0 0和DEAE SephadexA 50柱层析得到纯β 葡聚糖酶 ,SDS PAGE凝胶电泳显示一条带 ,测得分子量为 35kD。该酶最适反应pH5 0 ,最适反应温度为 60℃ ,在 40℃以下、pH4 0～ 5 0酶活力相对稳定。 5 0mmol L以下的Ca²⁺、Zn²⁺和Fe²⁺,以及 1 0 0mmol L以下的Co²⁺对酶活力有激活作用 ;而Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺具有抑制作用。     

极端嗜热菌Thermus thermophilus HB8中天冬氨酸转氨酶在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

为获得具有热稳定性的天冬氨酸转氨酶,从极端嗜热细菌Thermus thermophilus HB8中克隆得到天冬氨酸转氨酶基因aspC,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)和Rosetta(DE3)中进行表达,发现在Rosetta(DE3)中具有较高的表达量。重组酶的最适反应pH是7.0,37 ℃下在pH8～10的缓冲液中保温1 h酶活几乎不改变。重组酶反应的最适温度为75 ℃,酶活稳定的温度范围为25～55℃。重组酶在65℃时半衰期为3.5h,75℃时为2.5h。重组酶的K_m^KG为7.559mmol/L,V_max^KG为0.086mmol/(L·min),K_m^Asp为2.031mmol/L,V_max^Asp为0.024mmol/(L·min)。Ca²⁺、Fe³⁺、Mn²⁺等金属离子对酶活性有微弱抑制作用。     

极端嗜热菌Thermus thermophilus HB8中天冬氨酸转氨酶在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

为获得具有热稳定性的天冬氨酸转氨酶,从极端嗜热细菌Thermus thermophilus HB8中克隆得到天冬氨酸转氨酶基因aspC,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)和Rosetta(DE3)中进行表达,发现在Rosetta(DE3)中具有较高的表达量。重组酶的最适反应pH是7.0,37 ℃下在pH8～10的缓冲液中保温1 h酶活几乎不改变。重组酶反应的最适温度为75 ℃,酶活稳定的温度范围为25～55℃。重组酶在65℃时半衰期为3.5h,75℃时为2.5h。重组酶的K_m^KG为7.559mmol/L,V_max^KG为0.086mmol/(L·min),K_m^Asp为2.031mmol/L,V_max^Asp为0.024mmol/(L·min)。Ca²⁺、Fe³⁺、Mn²⁺等金属离子对酶活性有微弱抑制作用。     

壳聚糖固定化半纤维素酶的研究

从青霉菌m8提取出半纤维素酶,将其固定在用戊二醛交联的壳聚糖载体上.0.5 g壳聚糖与4%的戊二醛结合固定2.5 mg蛋白质,酶活回收率为45.6%. 原酶的最适pH为4.6,固定化酶为pH 3.6.原酶的最适温度为55℃,固定化酶在60～75℃都具有较高活性.固定化酶的耐热性优于原酶. 以半纤维素为底物,固定化酶的表观K_m值略低于原酶,前者为5.0×10^－2 g/L,后者为3.58×10^－2 g/L.     

兔肌3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶的提纯及性质研究

目的:研究兔肌3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶的分离纯化方法及其酶学性质,为测定血清甘油三酯所用酶联试剂的开发提供试验基础和理论依据。方法:通过硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose、Blue-Sepharose和羟磷灰石纯化兔肌3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶,利用凝胶过滤和梯度PAGE(5%～15%)法测定酶分子量,采用常规酶学动力学分析方法,考察pH、温度、底物浓度以及部分金属离子与有机化合物对酶促反应的影响。结果 纯化后的兔肌3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶经PAGE(12%)分析为单一条带;酶分子量为115～122 kDa;酶最适温度45℃,最适pH 9;酸碱稳定范围pH6～9,低于45℃时热稳定性好;最适条件下,以3-磷酸甘油和NAD⁺为底物,测得酶的K_m分别为7.4×10^-3mol/L和1.47×10^-4mol/L;Ba²⁺、Mn²⁺、Fe²⁺、Al³⁺、Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺、Ag⁺、Hg²⁺、NaN₃、EDTA对酶有不同程度的抑制作用,Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、Co²⁺、Zn²⁺有一定程度的激活作用,其中Co²⁺和Zn²⁺对酶的激活作用能达到200%以上,有机化合物NaF对酶的活性没有影响。     

粗毛栓菌诱变菌株SAH-12漆酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

粗毛栓菌Trametes gallica诱变菌株SAH-12是通过紫外诱变选育所得的漆酶高产菌株,Active-PAGE分析表明SAH-12在高氮低碳无机盐培养液（LM3）中至少分泌3种漆酶同工酶（Lac1、Lac2、Lac3）。采用硫酸铵盐析、透析和Sephadex-G75分子筛层析从其培养液中分离纯化得到电泳纯的Lac1,纯化倍数6.54,酶活性回收59.7%。Lac1经SDS-PAGE验证为一条带,其表观分子量为61.5kDa。Lac1为一种糖蛋白,含糖量11.6%,等电点pI 4.40,催化氧化底物ABTS的最适反应温度为60℃,最适pH为2.6,Km值为25μmol/L。Lac1在40℃（pH4.0）以下和pH1.5～5.0（28℃）范围内稳定。金属离子Fe²⁺、Ag⁺、Hg²⁺和Cr³⁺与抑制剂DTT、SDS、EDTA和DMSO对Lac1有抑制作用,其中Fe²⁺和DTT完全抑制酶活,而Cu²⁺对酶有明显激活作用,Mn²⁺、Zn²⁺对酶活影响不大。Lac1不仅可使一些合成染料明显脱色,而且对苹果汁多酚祛除也有较好效果。40℃用该酶（1U/mL）处理苹果汁5h,其多酚含量可降低40%。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.