vMIP-Ⅰ激活Jurkat细胞抗-HIV基因表达的研究

本研究通过构建真核表达载体pEGFP-N3-vMIP-Ⅰ,电穿孔法将其转染至Jurkat细胞,荧光定量PCR检测vMIP-Ⅰ基因对Jurkat细胞内CCL5、APOBEC3G、APOBEC3F、等抗-HIV基因表达水平的影响,从而探讨vMIP-Ⅰ抗HIV感染的机制。结果显示:成功构建了pEGFP-N3-vMIP-Ⅰ载体,电穿孔转染效率达到40%左右,与转染空载体组相比,vMIP-Ⅰ转染组的Jurkat细胞内CCL5、A3G、A3F和MX1分别上调7.37倍、1.58倍、2.42倍和2.06倍。研究结果表明:vMIP-Ⅰ基因可激活Jurkat细胞内一些抗HIV相关基因的表达,这可能是vMIP-Ⅰ基因抗HIV感染的机制之一。     

vFLIP激活Jurkat细胞表达HIV抑制因子的研究

目的:检测KSHV编码的vFLIP蛋白对Jurkat细胞HIV抑制因子表达的影响。方法:本研究首先构建真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-vFLIP,再将其电穿孔至Jurkat细胞,然后使用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测Jurkat细胞中A3G、A3F、CCL5等HIV抑制因子的表达水平,从而探讨vFLIP抗HIV/AIDS的作用及机制。结果:成功构建了真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP-vFLIP,电转染效率达到40%左右。与对照载体转染组相比,vFLIP转染组内Jurkat细胞中CCL5、A3G、A3F及Mx2基因的表达分别上调了6.71、2.20、1.52及14.47倍。结论:vFLIP蛋白可以激活Jurkat细胞内某些HIV抑制因子的表达,提示其具有一定的抗HIV/AIDS作用。     

湖北地区普通人群卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒感染的血清学分析

卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)可导致人类产生卡波氏肉瘤(KS),即AIDS病人最为常见的肿瘤。广泛的流行病学研究显示,KSHV的流行与KS相似并呈现明显的地域分布型。为调查KSHV在汉族普通人群中的感染情况,我们以KSHVORF65编码的小衣壳蛋白(smallcapsidprotein)为抗原,采用酶联免疫(ELISA)分析方法,对湖北地区560例汉族普通人群血清样品进行了KSHV抗体检测。在检测的560份血样中,KSHV抗体总阳性率为5.2%,其中,男性阳性率为5.7%,女性为4.5%。统计学分析显示,KSHV感染率在男女性别上无差异(P=0.542),但与年龄有一定的相关性:10岁以下儿童群体较之10岁以上人群KSHV感染率具有显著的统计学差异(P=0.006,OR=6.692,95%CI=1.710-26.198);60岁以上的老年人群KSHV感染率有上升趋势,但无统计学明显差异(P=0.052)。上述结果表明,KSHV在这一地区的流行与西方成年人群的感染率相似,但在儿童群体中的相对较高的感染率与一些非洲地区的接近。由此提示在该群体可能存在特殊的传播模式。     

湖北地区普通人群卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒感染的血清学分析

卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)可导致人类产生卡波氏肉瘤(KS),即AIDS病人最为常见的肿瘤.广泛的流行病学研究显示,KSHV的流行与KS相似并呈现明显的地域分布型.为调查KSHV在汉族普通人群中的感染情况,我们以KSHV ORF65编码的小衣壳蛋白(small capsid protein)为抗原,采用酶联免疫(ELISA)分析方法,对湖北地区560例汉族普通人群血清样品进行了KSHV抗体检测.在检测的560份血样中,KSHV抗体总阳性率为5.2%,其中,男性阳性率为5.7%,女性为4.5%.统计学分析显示,KSHV感染率在男女性别上无差异(P=0.542),但与年龄有一定的相关性10岁以下儿童群体较之10岁以上人群KSHV感染率具有显著的统计学差异(P=0.006,OR=6.692,95%CI=1.710-26.198);60岁以上的老年人群KSHV感染率有上升趋势,但无统计学明显差异(P=0.052).上述结果表明,KSHV在这一地区的流行与西方成年人群的感染率相似,但在儿童群体中的相对较高的感染率与一些非洲地区的接近.由此提示在该群体可能存在特殊的传播模式.     

HHV6感染激活卡波济肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)的溶解性周期复制

运用细胞融合、细胞混合培养、条件培养基培养和病毒直接刺激等方法,研究人类疱疹病毒6型(HHV6)对卡波济肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)溶解性周期复制的影响。①将HHV6感染的JJhan细胞(T淋巴细胞系)与BCBL-1细胞(原发性渗出性淋巴瘤,PEL)进行细胞融合形成异核体细胞。②将HHV6感染的JJhan细胞与BcBL-1细胞进行混合培养。③收集HHV6感染的JJhan细胞培养上清液作为条件培养基进行灭活处理,以灭活前后的条件培养基培养BcBL-1细胞。进一步离心纯化HHV6病毒颗粒,并感染BCBL-1细胞,分别设紫外线和热灭活的HHV6病毒颗粒感染BCBL-1细胞为对照。提取上述的实验细胞总RNA,RT-PCR和／或实时定量(Real-time)PCR检测卡波济肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)次要衣壳蛋白编码基因ORF26 mRNA转录。结果显示：①细胞融合后15h开始出现明显细胞病变,RT-PCR检测不同时间的实验组ORF26 mRNA转录水平均明显高于对照组;Real-time PCR检测各时间ORF26 mRNA转录水平是对照组的2．3倍以上;②细胞混合培养72h时,实验组ORF26 mRNA转录水平是对照组的1．8倍;混合培养5天时,实验组KSHV裂解周期蛋白K8．1表达水平是对照组的2．46倍;③灭活前后的HHV6感染细胞培养上清液培养BCBL-1细胞96h时,ORF26 mRNA转录水平分别是对照组的2．73倍和2．22倍;④灭活前后的HHV6均可增强BCBL-1细胞中KStHV ORF26 mRNA转录水平。提示：KHV6感染可激活KSHV的溶解性周期复制。     

卡波氏肉瘤相关病毒编码的miRNAs的研究进展

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是由内源性基因编码的转录后调节基因表达的小分子RNAs,可与靶基因mRNAs的3'非翻译区互补结合,抑制翻译.最近,在卡波氏肉瘤相关病毒(Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus,KSHV)的基因组中鉴定出12条miRNAs编码基因,这些病毒的miRNAs可能作用病毒本身,也可能调节宿主细胞的基因表达.然而,对它们的功能仍然所知甚少.主要介绍卡波氏内瘤相关病毒KSHV(HHV8)编码的miRNAs对宿主细胞基因表达的干预,并探讨病毒miRNAs在病毒发病机理中的可能的作用途径.     

下调LANA对卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒复制的影响

本文旨在探讨下调潜伏相关核抗原（Latency-associated nuclear antigen,LANA）对卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus,KSHV）复制的影响。以四环素（Doxycycline,DOX）处理KSHV阳性的iSLK.219细胞,在不同时间点收集细胞,采用实时荧光定量PCR(real time quantitative PCR,qPCR)检测裂解复制期LANA mRNA表达水平。采用脂质体法转染si-LANA至iSLK.219细胞中下调LANA表达水平,以转染非特异siRNA为对照,24h后加入DOX激活病毒裂解复制,在裂解复制激活后不同时间点收集细胞和培养液上清。采用台盼蓝染色法检测细胞活力,倒置荧光显微镜观察红色荧光蛋白（Red fluorescence protein,RFP）表达评价KSHV裂解复制水平;qPCR检测细胞内和上清液中KSHV基因组的拷贝数以判断病毒复制水平。诱导KSHV裂解复制后24h和48h LANA表达分别为潜伏期的2.2和2.6倍。敲低LANA后iSLK.219细胞...     

安徽北部地区恶性肿瘤人群卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒血清学分析

卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒是一种新发现的γ疱疹病毒(Kaposi'ssarcoma-associated herpesvirus,KSHV).在中国新疆,KSHV感染率比较高,KSHV在免疫缺陷患者和静脉吸毒者中感染率也比在普通人群中高.为了进一步研究KSHV在安徽北部地区恶性肿瘤人群中的感染率和高风险因素,初步探讨KSHV与肿瘤的发生之间相关性,研究KSHV的高发人群特点,本研究选用KSHV病毒重组蛋白ORF65、ORF 73和K8.1为抗原,利用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)对500份恶性肿瘤患者血清样本及200份健康体检人群血清样本进行KSHV抗体检测,分析KSHV的感染率及危险因素.结果显示500例肿瘤患者KSHV阳性总数170例,总阳性率为34％,200份健康人群KSHV阳性总数22例,总阳性率为11％,肿瘤人群KSHV阳性率明显高于健康人群(P＜0.001).其中肺癌、肝癌、结肠癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌样本KSHV阳性率分别为36.4％,34.1％,41.7％,28.6％,30.3％,此5组肿瘤组KSHV阳性率也分别高于健康人群,都具有统计学意义(P＜0.001).但5组肿瘤样本之间KS-HV阳性率无明显差异(P＞0.05),且各组肿瘤样本分别与性别、乙肝五项、丙肝之间无统计学意义(P＞0.05).本研究结果提示安徽北部地区恶性肿瘤患者KSHV抗体阳性率显著高于中国普通人群总体KSHV抗体阳性率,证明KSHV在恶性肿瘤人群中呈现较高比例的分布.     

siRNA抑制HIV-1基因表达的研究

RNA干扰(RNAinterfering,RNAi)现象是动植物体内的一种序列特异性的、转录后基因沉默的过程.在哺乳动物细胞中,19～25个核苷酸长短的双链siRNA(smallinterferingRNA)可有效地抑制基因表达.利用pBS/H1SP载体,它表达的双链RNA的转录产物可以用来抑制特异性HIV-1基因的表达.在siRNA实验中,为了比较由H1启动子转录的siRNA在细胞内的作用,使用以绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)为报告基因的载体——pEGFP-C1质粒,在荧光显微镜下,很容易地看到EGFP在细胞中表达.将HIV-1siRNA表达载体与表达相应EGFP-HIV融合基因的质粒,共转染人胚肾293细胞,结果表明,和对照质控载体相比,转染了pHIV-siRNA质粒的细胞中EGFP-HIV的表达得到显著抑制.通过该途径,筛选出能抑制HIV-1基因表达的有效siRNA.此外,还在同一载体上表达两种或三种siRNA,分别针对不同的HIV基因,获得了良好的抑制效果.     

兰州地区1994～1997年医疗用血抗-HIV筛查报告

对甘肃省血液中心供给兰州地区的７８１２３人份医疗用血进行抗－ＨＩＶ－１／２检查,ＥＬＩＳＡ法中２２例（０．２８‰）为阳性,用ＷＢ法确证后无一例阳性,说明兰州地区医疗用血尚未受艾滋病毒污染,血液是安全的,同时提示国产试剂质量有待进一步提高     

Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus in BCBL-1 cells

Association between extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) and human cancers is controversial, and few studies have been conducted on their influence on oncogenic viruses. We studied the effects of 1 mT, 50 Hz sine waves, applied for 24-72 h, on Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8) in BCBL-1, a latently infected primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cell line. ELF-EMF exposure did not affect the growth and viability of BCBL-1 cells, either stimulated or not with TPA. The total amount of KSHV DNA detected in ELF-EMF exposed cultures not stimulated with TPA did not differ from that of the unexposed controls (P = ns). However, in the presence of TPA stimulation, total KSHV DNA content was found higher in ELF-EMF exposed than in control BCBL-1 cultures (P = .024) at 72 h exposure, but not earlier. Viral DNA increase significantly correlated with increased mean fluorescence intensity/cell for the lytic antigen gp K8.1A/B (P < .01), but not with percentage of gp K8.1A/B-positive cells or of cells containing virions. Viral progeny produced under ELF-EMF exposure consisted mainly of defective viral particles.     

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection promotes differentiation and polarization of monocytes into tumor-associated macrophages

Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) promote angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis, and suppression of anti-tumor immunity. These myeloid cells originate from monocytes, which differentiate into TAMs upon exposure to the local tumor microenvironment. We previously reported that Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) infection of endothelial cells induces the cytokine angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) to promote migration of monocytes into tumors. Here we report that KSHV infection of endothelial cells induces additional cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) that drive monocytes to differentiate and polarize into TAMs. The KSHV-induced TAMs not only express TAM-specific markers such as CD-163 and legumain (LGMN) but also display a gene expression profile with characteristic features of viral infection. More importantly, KSHV-induced TAMs enhance tumor growth in nude mice. These results are consistent with the strong presence of TAMs in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tumors. Therefore, KSHV infection of endothelial cells generates a local microenvironment that not only promotes the recruitment of monocytes but also induces their differentiation and polarization into TAMs. These findings reveal a new mechanism of KSHV contribution to KS tumor development.     

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded LANA positively affects on ubiquitylation of p53

We established a series of stable transfectants expressing wild-type and three mutant LANA; amino terminus, carboxyl terminus and amino terminus plus DNA binding domain, as a new strategy to assess systematically the interactions and binding domains with cellular proteins. Using the system, we reported that LANA specifically bound to p53 via DNA binding domain. As for LANA function in the regulation of p53 through the interaction, we showed that polyubiquitylation of p53 in the presence of LANA was obviously increased. LANA also associated with Cullin 5 and Rbx1, active subunit of E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Taken together, the present study suggests that LANA induce enhancement of p53 ubiquitylation and degradation into proteasome, consequently contributing to latent persistence.     

Selective killing of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytically infected cells with a recombinant immunotoxin targeting the viral gpK8.1A envelope glycoprotein

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, human herpesvirus 8) is etiologically associated with three neoplastic syndromes: Kaposi sarcoma and the uncommon HIV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease. The incidence of the latter B-cell pathology has been increasing in spite of antiretroviral therapy; its association with lytic virus replication has prompted interest in therapeutic strategies aimed at this phase of the virus life cycle. We designed and expressed a recombinant immunotoxin (2014-PE38) targeting the gpK8.1A viral glycoprotein expressed on the surface of the virion and infected cells. We show that this immunotoxin selectively kills KSHV-infected cells in dose-dependent fashion, resulting in major reductions of infectious virus release. The immunotoxin and ganciclovir, an inhibitor of viral DNA replication, showed marked reciprocal potentiation of antiviral activities. These results suggest that the immunotoxin, alone or in combination, may represent a new approach to treat diseases associated with KSHV lytic replication.