塔里木马鹿腔前卵泡分离方法比较

以分离获得的腔前卵泡数量、正常卵泡率和72h体外培养存活率为指标,比较了酶消化法、梳刮法和剪碎法3种不同方法分离塔里木马鹿Cervus elaphus yarkandensis腔前卵泡的效果。结果表明:在卵巢数目相同的情况下,以酶消化法平均获得的腔前卵泡数最多,梳刮法次之,剪碎法最少,3种不同分离方法获得腔前卵泡数量之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01);梳刮法和剪碎法分离获得的腔前卵泡正常率均极显著高于酶消化法(P<0.01);梳刮法和剪碎法分离获得的腔前卵泡在体外培养24h、48h和72h后的存活率极显著和显著高于酶消化法(培养24h、48h后,P<0.01;培养72h后,P<0.05)。由此可见,梳刮法是塔里木马鹿腔前卵泡更有效的分离方法。     

水牛腔前卵泡的体外培养方法

本研究旨在建立一套适合水牛腔前卵泡体外生长发育的培养体系.取用来自本地屠宰场的中国沼泽型水牛卵巢,采用梳刮法回收腔前卵泡,以McCoys 5a作为基础培养液,分别用微孔板培养法、二维培养法、三维培养法进行体外培养.结果表明:不同培养方法对水牛腔前卵泡的体外发育能力有显著差异.培养至10 d,三维培养法的卵泡存活率显著高于微孔板培养法和二维培养法的卵泡存活率(65.05% vs 33.08%,49.52%,P<0.05);二维培养法的卵泡成腔率为1.91%(2/105),三维培养法的卵泡成腔率为1.94%(2/103),而微孔培养法的卵泡未发现成腔;三维培养法的卵泡直径平均增长显著高于微孔板培养法和二维培养法的卵泡直径增长(13.03±5.37 μm vs 7.53±2.26 μm,10.27±4.24 μm,P<0.05).由此可见,三维培养法是水牛腔前卵泡的有效体外培养方法.     

FSH对腔前卵泡生长发育的影响

随着腔前卵泡体外培养体系的发展,对其影响因子的研究也逐渐深入,促性腺激素(FSH)在卵泡的生长和发育过程中发挥了重要的作用。本实验方法是以昆明小鼠为模型,机械分离并选择120~140μm的腔前卵泡,以添加10%血清和1%ITS的α-MEM为基础培养,分为正常添加FSH和不添加FSH组,以及在培养的0 d、2 d、4 d、6d、8 d添加FSH(100 mIU/ml)组,探讨腔前卵泡的生长发育情况。结果表明:正常添加组其卵泡的存活率、出腔率、GVBD率和2-cell胚胎率(78.7%、55.0%、35.0%和7.5%)显著高于培养液中未添加FSH的结果(分别为13.7%、8.8%、6.3%和0)(P<0.05);6 d之前添加FSH的培养组腔前卵泡能够正常生长和发育;2~4 d添加FSH可能更利于卵母细胞的成熟,以及E2的产生依赖于FSH的存在。     

新生小鼠卵巢组织的玻璃化冻存、移植及分离卵泡的体外成熟培养初步研究

目的:系统地探索新生小鼠卵巢组织的玻璃化冻存建立卵巢库,移植和分离卵泡以及体外成熟培养的实验方法。方法:对1日龄小鼠卵巢组织进行冻存,解冻复苏和同种肾包膜下移植,从卵巢移植物种中进行卵泡分离和体外成熟培养。结果:①采用平衡液(ES)处理25min,玻璃化液(VS)处理3min方案冻存的卵巢组织具有更高比例的形态完整卵泡,其完整原始卵泡率均值达96.6%,显著性高于实验中其它四组方案(P0.05);②在分别移植2周和4周后回收卵巢移植物,发现二者的卵巢回收率无显著差异(P0.05),但移植4周组的卵泡回收数目要明显高于2周组(P0.05);③在培养基中添加适量的自体血清(10%,V/V)能显著提高卵子的体外成熟率,培养12h后对照组中生发泡破裂(GVBD)发生率为(34.74±4.26)%,添加血清后提高至(54.60±3.37)%,成熟的MⅡ期卵子获得率从(43.17±1.31)%升高至(57.75±5.31)%,有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:通过该实验较好地建立了卵巢组织的玻璃化冻存、移植和卵泡分离以及体外成熟培养的实验方法。     

成体雌性小熊猫卵巢组织学观察

2000 年至2009 年,12 只固定于10% 福尔马林中非生殖系统疾病死亡的小熊猫卵巢组织,按常规组织学技术制作组织切片,HE 染色,光学显微镜观察。结果:(1)不同发情时期卵巢均有原始卵泡、初级卵泡和次级卵泡分布。发情期的卵巢未观察到典型的成熟卵泡和卵母细胞; (2)原始卵泡数量较少,初级卵泡数量较多,多数初级卵泡和大多数的次级卵泡都处在闭锁状态;(3)卵泡腔出现之前,卵母细胞的直径和卵泡直径同时增长;卵泡腔出现之后,卵母细胞直径增长较慢,卵泡直径增长较快; (4)不同发情时期的小熊猫卵巢均存在大量的间质腺细胞;(5)妊娠小熊猫和发情间期无妊娠小熊猫的卵巢均有发育正常的黄体;(6)卵泡细胞发育呈低柱状至柱状时出现透明带。结论:(1) 卵泡闭锁主要发生在初级卵泡阶段,仅少数卵泡能发育至次级卵泡;(2)卵母细胞和卵泡生长呈双相生长的趋势; (3) 不同发情时期的小熊猫卵巢间质腺都发达; (4)发情排卵后,非妊娠黄体与妊娠黄体维持的时间相似,证实了小熊猫存在假孕现象。     

绍鸭卵巢卵泡发育相关新EST的分离与表达

采用银染mRNA差异显示方法从绍鸭卵巢等级卵泡中分离并筛选到 3个差异表达序列标签 (ExpressedSequenceTags ,ESTs)SXDF0 2 0 1(2 71bp)、SXDF0 2 0 2 (2 0 0bp)和SXDF0 2 0 3(173bp) ,通过测序和BLAST检索 ,发现SXDF0 2 0 1与GenBank中登录的所有物种的所有序列均无同源性 ,是在绍鸭卵巢卵泡发现的新EST ,现已登录GenBank(GenBank登录号 :CB0 72 6 2 9) ,而SXDF0 2 0 2和SXDF0 2 0 3则分别与GenBank公布的鸡的EST和肌胃肌球蛋白重链高度同源。用 5′ RACE将SXDF0 2 0 1延伸至 5 4 4bp ,经过BLAST再次检索 ,仍然未发现中度同源序列采用相对定量RT PCR方法进一步研究SXDF0 2 0 1和SXDF0 2 0 2在绍鸭组织中的时空特异性表达 ,发现这两个EST在产蛋高峰期绍兴鸭的下丘脑、垂体、肌肉、肝脏、脂肪等组织都有表达 ;SXDF0 2 0 1在 30日龄卵巢的表达水平显著高于 6 0 (P <0 0 5 )和 90 (P =0 0 15 )日龄 ;而SXDF0 2 0 2在卵巢发育的不同阶段的表达水平没有变化 ;SXDF0 2 0 1在卵巢卵泡颗粒层中的表达总体高于膜层 ,SXDF0 2 0 2在颗粒层中的表达F3 >F5>Fw(P <0 0 1) ,而在F1卵泡降至最低 (P <0 0 1) ,膜层中以Fw 卵泡表达水平最高 (P <0 0 1)。     

云南水牛的同期发情、超数排卵和胚胎移植试验

为探讨水牛胚胎移植的效果 ,于 2 0 0 2年对云南水牛进行了胚胎移植试验 :①用国产氯前列烯醇(PG) 0 6mg/头·次处理供、受体水牛的同期发情率和可用率分别为 4 3 33% (13/ 30 )和 16 6 7% (5 / 30 ) ;同期发情率经产水牛高于青年水牛 (P =0 0 86 ) ,杂交水牛高于德宏水牛 (P =0 15 3) ,体重 4 0 1～ 5 30kg水牛显著高于体重 30 0～ 4 0 0kg水牛 (P <0 0 5 ) ;发情明显水牛的可用率极显著高于发情不明显的水牛 (P <0 0 1)。②选用河流型摩拉水牛与沼泽型德宏水牛的杂交一代 5头为供体 ,分进口激素组 (n =2 )和国产激素组 (n =3)进行超数排卵 ,共有 2头获 9枚胚胎 ;进口激素组供体的平均获胚数和可移植胚数分别为 2 0枚和 1 5枚 ,比国产激素组分别多 0 33枚 (P =0 4 5 4 )和 1 17枚 (P =0 2 88)。③所获 4枚可用鲜胚分别移植 3头受体 ,结果 90d的妊娠率为 33 33% ,但最终无一头产犊。试验结果表明使用进口FSH 2 4mg +PG (Lutalyse○R) 35mg和国产FSH 11mg +PG 0 8mg对水牛超数排卵有效 ,同时提示需要足够数量的受体 ,从中选用发情表现明显、黄体发育良好的进行胚胎移植 ,才能取得良好效果。     

人腔前卵泡分离及培养

采用机械吹打、胶原酶消化、镜下显微解剖及胶原酶消化加镜下显微解剖4种卵泡提取方式并相互对比.将分离得到的腔前卵泡在含FSH0.5IU/mL、1.0IU/mL和2.0IU/mL的培养液中培养,检测其E2分泌量.与机械吹打、胶原酶消化相比,胶原酶消化加镜下显微解剖法不仅提取卵泡多(P＜0.01),而且可以得到原始、初级、次级各级卵泡.但操作时间较长(P＜0.01).得到的腔前卵泡在FSH为0.5IU/mL、1.0IU/mL和2.01IU/mL的培养液中培养,所分泌的E2分别为10.86pg±4.11pg、31.55pg±9.34pg和43.82pg±18.76pg,较之对照组的4.99pg±2.09pg有显著性差异(P＜0.01),E2的分泌量与FSH浓度呈剂量依赖性关系.FSH有促进腔前卵泡分泌E2的作用.     

人重组卵泡刺激素和表皮生长因子对性未成熟小鼠卵母细胞和颗粒细胞复合体体外发育的作用(英文)

卵泡刺激素(FSH)对有腔卵泡和排卵前卵泡的促生长作用已被普遍接受,但关于其对腔前卵泡发育的作用报道结果不尽相同。关于表皮生长因子(EGF)对腔前卵泡的作用尚不确切。本研究目的在于探讨人重组卵泡刺激素(rechFSH)和EGF对早期卵泡发育的作用。利用胶原酶消化法从12日龄的小鼠卵巢中分离得到卵母细胞-颗粒细胞复合体(OGCs)(Fig.1)。体外每孔30~40个培养物并分别添加胎牛血清(FBS)、rechFSH和EGF。培养物每4天测量卵母细胞和OGCs直径,并每天照相。结果显示rechFSH显著促进小鼠OGCs及其卵母细胞的体外发育,这一作用可被EGF进一步增强(p<0.05)(Fig.2)。但到第八天培养结束时,培养后的OGCs卵母细胞要显著小于体内同期生长对照组(p<0.05)(Fig.3)。说明FSH和EGF在卵泡早期发育中起重要作用。     

人重组卵泡刺激素和表皮生长因子对性未成熟小鼠卵母细胞和颗粒细胞复合体体外发育的作用

卵泡刺激素（FSH）对有腔卵泡和排卵前卵泡的促生命作用已被普遍接受,但关于其对腔前卵泡发育的作用报道结果不尽相同,关于表皮生长因子（EGF）对腔前卵泡的作用尚不确切,本研究目的在于探讨人重组卵泡刺激素（rechFSH)和EGF对早期卵泡发育的作用,利用胶原酶消化法从12日龄的小鼠卵巢中分离得到卵母细胞－颗粒细胞复合体（OGCs)(Fig.1)。体外每孔30－40个培养物并分别添加胎牛血清（FBS）,rechFSH和EGF。培养物每4天测量卵母细胞和OGCs直径,并每天照相,结果显示,rechFSH显著促进小鼠OGCs 及其卵母细胞的体外发育,这一作用可被EGF进一步增强（P＜0．05）（Fig.2),但到第八天培养结束时,培养后的OGCs卵母细胞要显著小于体内期生长对照组（P＜0．05）（Fig.3),说明FSH和EGF在卵泡早期发育中起重要作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.