大花细辛的组织培养

1植物名称大花细辛(Asarum maximum Hemsl.). 2材料类别茎段. 3培养条件基本培养基为MS.芽增殖培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 1.0～2.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.1;壮苗培养基:(2)MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.1;生根培养基:(3)1/2MS IBA 1.0 NAA 0.2.以上培养基蔗糖浓度(1)和(2)为3.0%,(3)为2.0%;琼脂7.0g·L-1,pH 5.4～5.6.培养温度为(25±2)℃,连续光照12 h·d-1,光强40μmol·m-2·s-1.     

杜衡的组织培养

1植物名称杜衡(Asarum foresii). 2材料类别幼嫩顶芽或侧芽. 3培养条件基本培养基为MS.(1)芽增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 5.0 mg.L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.1 GA35.0;(2)壮苗培养基:MS 6-BA 2.0 NAA0.1;(3)生根培养基:1/2 MS NAA 0.5.以上培养基中蔗糖浓度(1)和(2)为3.0％,(3)为2.0％;琼脂7.0g.L-1,pH 5.4～5.6.培养温度为(25±2)℃,连续光照12h·d-1,光照度2000lx.     

杜衡离体繁殖的研究

以马兜铃科植物杜衡为研究材料,试图通过茎尖培养来获得愈伤组织,继而诱导愈伤组织分化形成杜衡小植株。试验证明：杜衡茎尖在MS基本培养基附加6-BA 0.6mg/l和NAA0.1mg/;这一激素组合上可诱导茎尖基部形成愈伤组织;将愈伤组织分割转接到附加6-BA0.2mg/l和NAA0.01mg/l 的MS基本幅度基上可使愈伤组织分化形成小芽;分化形成的芽置于1/8-1/4MS(大量元素减少,其余成分不变)附加6-BA0.1mg/l和GA1mg/l的培养基上,可促使芽的正常生长;新生芽转接在1/4MS附加IBA0.5mg/l培养基上促使其生根。     

Asarum yentuense sp. nov. (Aristolochiaceae) from Vietnam

A new species, Asarum yentuense N. Tuan & Sasamoto (Aristolochiaceae), is described from Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam. This species belongs to A. subgen. Heterotropa sect. Longistylis and is most similar to Asarum petelotii, A. glabrum, A. reticulatum and A. magnificum var. dinghuense, but is differentiated by morphology, including the length of the calyx tube and lobes, and phenology.     

Self-pollination of Asarum caulescens Maxim. (Aristolochiaceae) in Japan

Abstract Observations in two populations of Asarum caulescens belonging to sect. Asarum indicate that inbreeding predominates becuase (1) no effective pollinator was observed, (2) bagged flowers set fruits with well-swollen seeds, and (3) the behaviour of filaments, changing from recurved to straight posture, results in direct deposition of pollen grains on the stigmas. This result agrees with reports on three other species of sect. Asarum in Europe and North America. We suggest that species of sect. Asarum diverged from an autogamous ancestor.     

Chemical constituents from the roots of Asarum sieboldii Miq. var. Seoulense Nakai

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol reflux extract of Asarum sieboldii Miq. var. Seoulense Nakai, including five phenanthrene derivatives (1–5), three isobutyl amides (6–8), three phenylpropanoids (9–11) and three lignins (12–14). The structures of these compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods and by comparison with the reported spectroscopic data. Among them, compounds 6 and 11 were firstly reported from the family Aristolochiaceae, and compounds 3 and 4 were reported for the first time from the genus Asarum. Additionally, compounds 1, 2 and 8 were isolated from A. sieboldii Miq. var. Seoulense Nakai for the first time. These compounds have shown chemical relationships between A. sieboldii Miq. var. Seoulense Nakai and other species of Asarum as well as those found in the genus Aristolochia in the family Aristolochiaceae.     

Pollen Morphology of Asarum in China

The present paper describes the pollen morphology of 27 species, 4 varieties and 1 form of Asarum from China. The pollen grains were all examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The apertures of pollen grains of Asarum are variable and so distinct as to allow the identification of individual subgenera and species. The exine ornamentation is compound and may be divided into two types: reticulate or cerebelloid under verrucae. The pollen grains of Subgen. Asarum and Subgen. Heterotropa are distinguishable, which supports the taxonomical subdivision based on the gross morphology. The differences in the pollen morphology between A. caulescens Maxim. and A. sieboldii Miq. in China and in Japan are discussed and some comparisons in the pollenmorphology between several species similar in the gross morphology are also made.     

Life-history monographs of Japanese plants. 12: Asarum caulescens Maxim. (Aristolochiaceae)

The life-history characteristics of Asarum caulescens Maxim. (Aristolochiaceae) are described here. This typical summer-green perennial of the Aristolochiaceae is a unique woodland element distributed in central Honshu, that is, south of Fukushima Prefecture to Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan. It grows in the somewhat shady understory of temperate montane deciduous broad-leaved or mixed forests associated with conifers, such as Cryptomeria japonica and Abies firma . One of the unique features of A. caulescens is its rhizome structures in combination with aerial shoots, which play an important role in vegetative propagation. The perennation strategy of A. caulescens is exceedingly complex, producing various combinations of linear or branched rhizomes bearing different numbers of leaves. Rhizomes consist of two or three segments, each 5 mm to 5 cm long as a unit, connected linearly, but also occasionally branched. At the tip of the newly formed rhizome segment, a single leaf or a pair of cordate leaves are formed. Exceedingly complex branching patterns of the rhizome segments were also recognized, forming ramets in late June to early July. Vegetative propagation by ramet formation obviously plays a very important role in the maintenance of local populations.     

东北三省野生北细辛资源调查报告

通过对东北三省野生北细辛资源的地理分布、生态环境、群落类型、单位面积蕴藏量等进行调查研究,为野生北细辛资源保护与可持续利用措施的制定提供依据。     

北细辛内生真菌的分离鉴定及代谢产物的生物活性

采用表面消毒法分别从3种北细辛中分离获得10株形态特征不同的优势内生真菌,经形态学和18S rDNA ITS分子分类学分析鉴定为小丛壳属(Glomerella sp.)、叶点霉属(Phyllosticta sp.)、柄孢壳菌属(Po-dospora sp.)、刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum sp.)和镰孢属(Fusarium sp.)。对北细辛优势内生真菌的发酵产物进行体外抗肿瘤和抗菌活性检测,结果表明:除菌株E3、E4和E10外,其余菌株均有不同程度的抗肿瘤和抗菌活性;镰孢属(Fusarium sp.)菌株E9对A549、MDA-MB-231和PANC-1肿瘤细胞抑制率达75%以上;小丛壳属(Glomerella sp.)菌株E1和叶点霉属(Phyllosticta sp.)菌株E2靶向FabI的抗菌活性较强,抑制率达59%。     

青城细辛的花器官发生

利用扫描电镜观察了青城细辛（Asarum splendens）的花器官发生过程。青城细辛的花器官为轮状结构,向心发生,依次为两轮3基数的花被原基,两轮6基数的雄蕊原基和一轮6基数的心皮原基。两轮花被原基互生,只有外轮（先发生的一轮）花被原基完全发育,而内轮（后发生的一轮）花被原基在发育过程中逐渐退化。两轮雄蕊原基为离心发生：位于内侧的一轮雄蕊原基先发生,每两个原基正对第一轮发生的花被原基,外侧的一轮雄蕊原基后发生,与内轮雄蕊原基互生。心皮与内侧的一轮雄蕊互生。     

The status of Asarum marmoratum (Aristolochiaceae)

Asarum marmoratum Piper, a species with marbled leaves from southern Oregon and northern California, differs fromA. hartwegii. S. Wats. in many respects, and should be recognized as distinct. The species is described, illustrated, and compared to the four other western North American species ofAsarum in a synoptic key.     

A New Species of Asarum from Hong Kong

One new species of the genus Asarum (Aristolochiaceae) is described fr-om Hongkong, i.e. Asarum hongkongense S. M. Hwang et T. P. Wong Siu.     

An approach to chemotaxonomy of the Asarum subgenus

A survey of chemical composition of 23 species of Asarum subgenus Heterotropa showed that the five groups could be distinguished on the basis of the presence or absence of asatone, phenol ethers and terpenes.     

细辛挥发油镇痛作用机制的初步实验研究

目的:研究细辛挥发油的镇痛作用机制.方法:用水蒸气蒸馏法提取细辛挥发油成分,将其配制成不同剂量组,检测乙酸致痛小鼠脑组织和血清中NO、PGE2、MDA含量以及NOS和SOD活性.结果:细辛挥发油提取物能使乙酸致痛小鼠脑组织和血清中NO、PGE2、MDA含量及NOS活性明显降低,SOD活性明显增强.结论:细辛挥发油的镇痛作用机制可能与降低NO、PGE2、MDA含量及NOS活性.提高SOD活性有关.     

外源激素对杜衡叶柄愈伤组织诱导与分化的影响

以杜衡(Asarum forbesii Maxim.)叶柄为外植体,采用L9(34)正交实验设计分别研究了培养基中外源激素的种类及质量浓度对杜衡叶柄愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响,并据此筛选出适宜的诱导及分化培养基.结果表明:在杜衡叶柄愈伤组织的诱导过程中,培养基中细胞分裂素的种类(1.00 mg·L-16-BA、1.00 mg·L-1KT和1.00 mg·L-1ZT)和NAA质量浓度(0.00、0.10和0.30 mg·L-1)的影响效应均不显著,而2,4-D质量浓度(0.10、0.50和1.00 mg·L-1)则有显著影响(P<0.05);在愈伤组织的分化培养过程中,NAA(0.10、0.30和0.50 mg·L-1)的影响效应大于6-BA(1.00、3.00和5.00 mg·L-1)和IBA(0.01、0.05和0.10 mg·L-1).综合比较结果显示,适宜于杜衡叶柄愈伤组织诱导的培养基为添加1.00 mg·L-16-BA、0.30 mg·L-1NAA和1.00 mg·L-12,4-D的MS培养基(含6.5 g·L-1琼脂和30 g·L-1蔗糖,pH 5.8～pH 6.0),在此培养基上愈伤组织诱导率达到83.33%,且愈伤组织生长速度快、颗粒紧密;适宜于杜衡愈伤组织分化和不定芽增殖的培养基为添加3.00 mg·L-16-BA、0.10 mg·L-1IBA和0.30 mg·L-1NAA的MS培养基(含6.5 g·L-1琼脂和30 g·L-1蔗糖,pH 5.8～pH 6.0),在此培养基上愈伤组织的分化率最高(达到53.33%),增殖系数也最高(3.13).     

Floral scent emissions from Asarum yaeyamense and related species

The flowers of Asarum are usually regarded as scentless or sometimes to have a foul odor. Recently, we noticed that Asarum yaeyamense, endemic to Iriomote Island, Japan, has a floral fragrance with a distinct “fruity note.” To determine the chemical characteristics of this fragrance and whether “non-scented” Asarum species emit any volatiles, we collected floral scents of A. yaeyamense and related species (A. lutchuense, A. hypogynum, A. fudsinoi, A dissitum, A. tokarense, and A. senkakuinsulare) using headspace methods and analyzed these scents by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results indicated that A. yaeyamense mainly emitted α-cedrene (tentatively identified), an unidentified sesquiterpene, methyl tiglate, and manoyl oxide (tentatively identified). Methyl tiglate may be a source of the “fruity note” in the A. yaeyamense fragrance. We also detected emissions of volatiles, mainly sesquiterpenes, from some “non-scented” Asarum species. This study constitutes a rare case of the detection of the emission of a diterpene (manoyl oxide) as a floral scent volatile.