利用昆虫-杆状病毒表达系统表达人乳头瘤病毒16/18/33/58亚型L1蛋白

目的:通过昆虫-杆状病毒表达系统获得人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16/18/33/58亚型的主要衣壳蛋白L1。方法:克隆了HPV16/18/33/58亚型的L1蛋白基因,并采用密码子优化策略进行改造(记为HPV16/18/33/58亚型mL1),将优化基因片段插入pFastBac Dual载体获得重组载体,转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞后得到重组Bacmid,转染昆虫Sf9细胞,Western印迹和SDS-PAGE检测重组蛋白的表达。结果:获得了表达HPV16/18/33/58亚型mL1蛋白的重组杆状病毒;Western印迹和SDS-PAGE分析表明该重组杆状病毒感染昆虫Sf9细胞后表达mL1蛋白,且mL1蛋白主要分布在细胞中;优化了蛋白表达时间和感染复数,获得目的蛋白mL1的高效表达。结论:多个亚型HPV L1蛋白的克隆表达,为中国优势血清型疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

籼稻明恢63成熟种子愈伤组织的诱导及转基因水稻的抗性检测

利用不含附加营养成分的2,4-D培养基（2mg/L）诱导明恢63的成熟种子,9天预诱导后获得了大量的愈伤组织。利用基因枪辅助的土壤农杆菌转化法将天花粉蛋白（Trichosanthin, TCS）基因转入籼稻明恢63的愈伤组织,并通过再生（含有3mg/L 6-BA, 0.5mg/L ABA和1mg/L NAA的N6培养基）获得了转基因植物。 Southern blot分析和Western blot检测证明外源基因已经插入到T0代明恢63的基因组中并获得了表达。初步研究结果表明,转基因水稻对稻瘟病菌侵染具有抗性。     

FGFR2IIIc重组慢病毒载体的构建及其在肌原细胞L6中的表达

目的:构建人FGFR2IIIc重组慢病毒表达系统,感染并筛选获得大鼠肌原细胞L6表达人FGFR2IIIc的重组细胞株,初步研究FGFR2IIIc对L6细胞的作用。方法:从人胎盘组织中获得FGFR2IIIc基因,并克隆到Gateway慢病毒系统的入门载体pENTR-11,采用LR重组酶将重组的pENTR-FGFR2IIIc和表达载体pLenti6/V5-DEST进行重组反应得到pLenti6/V5-DEST-FGFR2IIIc。将该重组表达载体和Viral Packaging Mix包装质粒通过阳离子脂质体共转染293FT细胞,待细胞完全裂解后收集重组慢病毒颗粒上清液;取适量上清液感染L6细胞,杀稻瘟毒素筛选2~4周,挑单克隆细胞进一步扩大培养并建立重组细胞株。RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光和Western blot鉴定重组细胞株中目的基因FGFR2IIIc的表达,bFGF和硫酸乙酰肝素共同诱导各重组L6细胞株后流式细胞术分析细胞周期,形态观察检测成肌分化水平,并通过相关信号通路抑制剂分析与各信号通路的关系。结果:构建了含人FGFR2IIIc基因的重组慢病毒表达载体,获得的重组慢病毒颗粒能高效感染L6细胞,RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光实验说明正确表达目的基因;流式细胞术结果表明L6中高表达FGFR2IIIc的重组细胞株的G1/G0期的细胞增多;各重组细胞株分别加入Erk1/2和p38通路抑制剂抑制诱导2天,发现重组细胞株发生不同的形态变化。结论:通过慢病毒表达系统,成功构建高表达FGFR2IIIc的重组L6细胞株,FGFR2IIIc通过Erk1/2和p38通路影响了L6细胞的形态发生,该结果为下一步在大鼠L6细胞中研究FGFR2IIIc基因与成肌分化功能相关性奠定基础。     

运用氨基酸分析法和DOE法优化抗PD-1单克隆抗体生产用培养基

本研究采用氨基酸分析法结合DOE设计法优化并获得高表达抗PD-1单克隆抗体生产用基础和补料培养基。通过对市售多种基础和补料培养基进行筛选,获得细胞生长状况较优的基础培养基和抗体表达较高的补料培养基,利用氨基酸分析法检测较优基础培养基和补料培养基中氨基酸消耗情况,确定影响细胞生长和抗体表达的关键氨基酸种类,利用DOE分析软件设计分别在较优基础和补料培养基中添加不同浓度的氨基酸种类及浓度,根据细胞生长及抗体表达,优化得到抗PD-1单克隆抗体的基础和补料培养基组合。最终优化后基础培养基配方为:Hycell CHO培养基中添加1.04 mmol/L L-天冬酰胺和0.76 mmol/L L-谷氨酰胺。最终优化后补料培养基配方为:OPM CHOCD Feed1补料培养基中添加38.7 mmol/L L-组氨酸,75.0 mmol/L L-酪氨酸,64.0 mmol/L L-丝氨酸,49.2 mmol/L L-谷氨酰胺和18.7 mmol/L L-半胱氨酸。经过3 L反应器培养验证,优化后的培养基比未优化时,最大活细胞密度(PVCD)提高了62.7%,抗PD-1单克隆抗体表达量提高了71.5%,且活性无明显差异。     

FGFR2Ⅲc重组慢病毒载体的构建及其在肌原细胞L6中的表达

目的:构建人FGFR2Ⅲc重组慢病毒表达系统,感染并筛选获得大鼠肌原细胞L6表达人FGFR2Ⅲc的重组细胞株,初步研究FGFR2Ⅲc对L6细胞的作用.方法:从人胎盘组织中获得FGFR2Ⅲc基因,并克隆到Gateway慢病毒系统的入门载体pENTR-11,采用LR重组酶将重组的pENTR-FGFR2Ⅲc和表达载体pLenti6/V5-DEST进行重组反应得到pLenti6/V5-DEST-FGFR2Ⅲc.将该重组表达载体和Viral Packaging Mix包装质粒通过阳离子脂质体共转染293FT细胞,待细胞完全裂解后收集重组慢病毒颗粒上清液;取适量上清液感染L6细胞,杀稻瘟毒素筛选2～4周,挑单克隆细胞进一步扩大培养并建立重组细胞株.RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光和Western blot鉴定重组细胞株中目的基因FGFR2Ⅲc的表达,bFGF和硫酸乙酰肝素共同诱导各重组L6细胞株后流式细胞术分析细胞周期,形态观察检测成肌分化水平,并通过相关信号通路抑制剂分析与各信号通路的关系.结果:构建了舍人FGFR2Ⅲc基因的重组慢病毒表达载体,获得的重组慢病毒颗粒能高效感染L6细胞,RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光实验说明正确表达目的基因;流式细胞术结果表明L6中高表达FGFR2Ⅲc的重组细胞株的G1/G0期的细胞增多;各重组细胞株分别加入Erk1/2和p38通路抑制剂抑制诱导2天,发现重组细胞株发生不同的形态变化.结论:通过慢病毒表达系统,成功构建高表达FGFR2Ⅲc的重组L6细胞株,FGFR2Ⅲc通过Erk1/2和p38通路影响了L6细胞的形态发生,该结果为下一步在大鼠L6细胞中研究FGFR2Ⅲc基因与成肌分化功能相关性奠定基础.     

表达重组抗CD52单克隆抗体CHO细胞灌流培养基的筛选

目的筛选重组抗CD52单克隆抗体CHO细胞株培养和连续灌流表达用培养基,以提高抗体表达量。方法通过调整原有批培养用培养基中谷氨酰胺和植物水解蛋白,获得5种培养基配比。使用模拟灌注方式进行细胞培养,分析细胞密度、活细胞比率和目标蛋白表达,筛选连续灌流细胞培养和表达用培养基。最后在7 L反应器中采用灌注培养方式对筛选获得的培养基进行验证。结果使用50 mL细胞培养管进行模拟灌注培养时,活细胞比率较高,达到90%以上;CHO细胞在添加谷氨酰胺至4.0 mmol/L和植物水解蛋白至5.0 g/L的批培养用培养基中生长速度最快;在基础培养基中抗体表达量比优化前高15%。20 d培养周期内,优化的培养基在7 L反应器中可以维持CHO细胞密度在(2 727±253)万个/mL,活细胞比率在95%以上。结论通过模拟灌注培养,筛选获得了一种在7 L反应器灌流培养中适宜于重组抗CD52单克隆抗体CHO细胞表达的培养基。     

稳定表达小鼠CD40L的NIH3T3细胞系的建立及其在B细胞培养和激活中的应用

该研究构建小鼠CD40L真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3.1-mCD40L,通过电转法将重组质粒转至NIH3T3细胞中。利用G418对转染后细胞进行压力筛选,获得稳定转染细胞株。提取稳定转染细胞株RNA,通过RT-PCR法检测Neo基因的mRNA表达情况。分离稳定转染细胞上清,利用ELISA法检测小鼠CD40L蛋白水平的表达情况。RT-PCR结果显示,Neo基因能够在稳定转染细胞中表达,ELISA结果显示,获得的稳定转染细胞株NIH3T3-mCD40L细胞上清中CD40L的表达量高达1.286 ng/mL。进一步活性研究表明,该细胞系能够在体外与IL-2和IL-21共同作用培养B细胞至14天,并刺激B细胞产生特异性抗体。该细胞系的成功构建,为利用体外B细胞分离培养和活化法分离特异性单克隆抗体奠定了良好的基础。     

梅毒螺旋体膜抗原基因在毕赤酵母中的表达和蛋白纯化

以梅毒螺旋体(Treponema pallidumsubsp.pallidum)Nichols菌株基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增梅毒螺旋体47kDa、17kDa和15kDa 3个膜抗原基因,克隆进毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZ B,构建重组表达载体pTP47、pTP17、pTP15,转化酵母菌株GS115,甲醇诱导表达。表达菌体裂解后通过镍离子亲和层析获得3个抗原与6xHis tag的融合蛋白,重组蛋白的获得量分别为His-TP15:4.8mg/L;His-TP 17:6.6mg/L;His-TP47:25mg/L,经SDS-PAGE鉴定纯度都在96%以上,ELISA鉴定均具有很好的抗原性。从而首次在毕赤酵母中表达出梅毒螺旋体膜抗原,为梅毒血清学检测方法开辟了新的抗原制备途径。     

米曲霉中蓝藻抗病毒蛋白-N基因的克隆与表达

[目的]提高蓝藻抗病毒蛋白-N(CVN)的异源表达量,获得大量高纯度可溶性蛋白。[方法]采用RT-PCR从酱油发酵酱醪宏基因组中克隆获得CVN基因cvn-SF,构建了重组表达载体p ET32a-cvn-SF,转化E.coli BL21菌株,获得工程菌株,优化表达条件,通过Ni-NTA凝胶亲和层析对CVN-SF蛋白进行纯化。[结果]工程菌株在温度30℃、添加1 mmol/L的IPTG诱导剂、培养时间12 h的条件下获得最高表达量的可溶性蛋白。Ni-NTA凝胶亲和层析纯化得到了230.8 mg/L的CVN蛋白,占提取总蛋白含量的33.37%。[结论]所得CVN蛋白高于目前报道的CVN在大肠杆菌的最高表达量140 mg/L~([11])。     

菌丝霉素MP1106融合蛋白的复性及纯化方法

旨在建立高效、快捷的菌丝霉素衍生物MP1106大肠杆菌表达系统。通过基因融合的方式构建生物表面活性剂-菌丝霉素衍生物(DAMP_4-MP1106)融合蛋白表达载体,在大肠杆菌中进行表达;并对目的蛋白MP1106进行分离纯化和分子内二硫键鉴定。结果显示,融合蛋白DAMP_4-MP1106在大肠杆菌中以包涵体的形式成功表达,表达产物在变性条件下经Ni~(2+)-NTA亲和层析纯化;经检测分析,摇瓶中DAMP_4-MP1106的发酵产量为118 mg/L,纯度为94.7%;采用96孔板筛选并建立复性方法,获得水溶性融合蛋白DAMP_4-MP1106;并经TEV蛋白酶酶切以及二次Ni~(2+)-NTA亲和层析纯化,可获得纯度为99%的抗菌肽MP1106 18mg/L,回收率达到了38.4%。通过简捷方法快速鉴定分子内的二硫键,初步证实了抗菌肽MP1106完成了分子内结构正确折叠。建立了高效快捷的菌丝霉素大肠杆菌表达系统。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.