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松杉类植物体细胞胚发育机理的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
植物体细胞胚胎发生不仅可作为其繁育的重要手段,而且也是研究胚胎发育过程的一种重要模式系统.体细胞胚在形态和生理上的成熟,直接影响到植株的萌发和再生频率.本文综述了近年来国内外有关裸子植物中几种松杉类植物体细胞胚发育过程的研究报道,其中主要涉及培养基成分和脱落酸(ABA)对体细胞胚发育的影响,以及体细胞胚发育在细胞学、细胞程序性死亡、相关基因和蛋白质组学等方面的研究进展,并进一步讨论了松杉类植物体细胞胚的发育机理,以及体细胞胚在遗传转化系统中的作用. 相似文献
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《基因组学与应用生物学》2018,(12)
对植物胚性愈伤诱导的研究结果进行综合分析,寻找植物胚性愈伤诱导参与的基因、诱导的机理、甲基化与提高植物胚性愈伤诱导途径之间的联系,探索提高植物胚性愈伤诱导几率的可能途径,为转化困难的植物的基因工程操作奠定基础。LBD (laterial organ boundaries domain)家族基因、伤口诱导脱分化蛋白WIND1 (wound induced dedifferentiation 1)、AP2/ERF转录因子BABYBOOM等参与了植物胚性愈伤诱导的过程;DNA甲基化在这个过程中也发挥了重要作用,植物胚性细胞通过PCG和PKL通路两种表观遗传途径促使胚性细胞保持胚性。这些研究结果表明,通过筛选距离合子胚最近的体细胞作为外植体,利用分子标记进行筛选具有胚性的细胞或组织作为外植体进行培养,在培养基中添加去甲基化的试剂等方法可能能够提高植物胚性愈伤诱导的比例,转化困难的农作物的基因工程育种有望得到显著改进。 相似文献
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松柏类植物的体细胞胚胎发生既是繁育的一种手段,又是研究胚胎发育过程中结构、生理和分子事件的一种重要的模式系统。整个体细胞胚胎发生过程主要包括3个步骤:胚性组织的诱导和增殖、体细胞胚的成熟以及体细胞胚的萌发和转换。过去为了提高胚胎发育过程所做的努力主要都集中在胚的成熟阶段,这是因为一直认为能否成功再生的关键在于胚发育成熟阶段的处理。然而,在过去几年里,结合生理生化以及分子生物学的研究发现,胚胎发生的早期阶段对于完成整个发育过程也是至关重要的,早期阶段培养条件的优化可以显著提高培养过程中体细胞胚的数量和质量。此外,萌发过程培养条件的调节对于提高成熟体细胞胚的萌发率和转换率也很重要。因此,这些新的研究成果对于改善松柏类植物体细胞胚胎发生中的胚的诱导率和转换率低的现象具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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Hugo P. F. Fraga Leila N. Vieira Clarissa A. Caprestano Douglas A. Steinmacher Gustavo A. Micke Daniel A. Spudeit Rosete Pescador Miguel P. Guerra 《Plant cell reports》2012,31(12):2165-2176
DNA methylation is an epigenetic regulatory mechanism of gene expression which can be associated with developmental phases and in vitro morphogenetic competence in plants. The present work evaluated the effects of 5-azacytidine (AzaC) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on Acca sellowiana somatic embryogenesis (SE) and global DNA methylation levels by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). 2,4-D-free treatments revealed no somatic embryo formation in both accessions tested. Treatments supplemented with 2,4-D pulse plus AzaC in the culture medium resulted in increased embryo formation. In AzaC-free treatment, HPLC/MS/MS analysis showed a gradual increase in methylation levels in cultures of both accessions tested during SE induction. Treatment with AzaC and 2,4-D-free resulted in a marked decrease in methylation for both accessions, ranging from 37.6 to 20.8?%. In treatment with 2,4-D and AzaC combined, the 85 accession showed increasing global methylation levels. Otherwise, the 101X458 accession, in the same treatment, showed a decrease between 10 and 20?days, followed by an increase after 30?days (39.5, 36.2 and 41.6?%). These results indicate that 2,4-D pulse combined with AzaC improves SE induction. However, the conversion phase showed that although positively influencing SE induction, AzaC had a dysregulatory effect on the stage of autotrophic plant formation, resulting in significantly lower conversion rates. The results suggest that DNA methylation dramatically influences SE in Acca sellowiana, and global DNA methylation dynamics are related to morphogenetic response. Key message 5-Azacytidine combined with 2,4-D increases the number of Acca sellowiana somatic embryos. Global DNA methylation is directly affected by these compounds. 相似文献
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Somatic embryogenesis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum tuberosum</Emphasis> L.: a histological examination of key developmental stages 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A potential novel method of producing high-quality potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) nuclear seeds is through the process of somatic embryogenesis (SE). Somatic embryo formation has been successfully reported in many plant species, but in potato, reliable SE systems are still at the experimental stage. A key factor in the success of any SE system is the ability to discriminate SE-specific cellular structures from those emerging through an organogenic route. In the investigation reported here we attempted to discriminate the progression of specific stages of potato SE by histological means. Internodal segment (INS) explants from 4- to 6-week-old cv. Desiree in vitro cultures were successively cultured on SE induction (for 2 weeks) and expression/regeneration media (for 3 weeks) with and without 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (5 M). Microscopic examination of histological slides prepared using INS explants at different stages revealed the presence of characteristic globular, heart and torpedo stages in the potato SE system along with other associated unique features such as protoderm development and discrete vascular connections. These results confirm the occurrence of potato SE as per the accepted definition of the term.Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - ELS Embryo-like structure(s) - INS Internodal segment(s) - PEM Proembryo mass - SE Somatic embryogenesis 相似文献
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Somatic embryogenesis (SE) offers vast potential for the clonal propagation of high-value roses. However, some recalcitrant
cultivars unresponsive to commonly employed SE-inducing agents and low induction rates currently hinder the commercialization
of SE technology in rose. Rose SE technology requires improvement before it can be implemented as a production system on a
commercial scale. In the present work, we assessed 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), a synthetic auxin not previously
tested in rose, for its effectiveness to induce SE in the rose cultivar ‘Livin’ Easy’ (Rosa sp.). We ran a parallel comparison to the commonly used 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). We tested each auxin with
two different basal media: Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium and woody plant medium (WPM). MS medium resulted in somatic
embryo production, whereas WPM did not. 2,4,5-T induced SE over a greater concentration range than 2,4-D's and resulted in
significantly greater embryo yields. 2,4,5-T at a concentration of 10 or 25 μM was better for embrygenic tissue initiation
than 2,4,5-T at 5 μM. Further embryo development occurred when the tissue was transferred to plant growth regulator (PGR)
free medium or media with 40% the original auxin concentration. However, the PGR-free medium resulted in a high percentage
of abnormal embryos (32.31%) compared to the media containing auxins. Upon transfer to germination medium, somatic embryos
successfully converted into plantlets at rates ranging from 33.3 to 95.2%, depending on treatment. Survival rates 3 months
ex vitro averaged 14.0 and 55.6% for 2,4-D- and 2,4,5-T-derived plantlets, respectively. Recurrent SE was observed in 60.2%
of the plantlets growing on germination medium. This study is the first report of SE in the commercially valuable rose cultivar
‘Livin’ Easy’ (Rosa sp.) and a suitable methodology was developed for SE of this rose cultivar. 相似文献
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Zhiyong Pan Shiping Zhu Rui Guan Xiuxin Deng 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,103(2):145-153
The compound 2,4-Dicholorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an important growth regulator which is used in the majority of embryogenic
cell and tissue culture systems. However, 2,4-D also appears to have a negative effect on growth and development of plant
tissues and organs cultured in vitro. For example, 2,4-D exerts inhibition on in vitro somatic embryo initiation and/or development
of most citrus species. To understand the molecular mechanism by which 2,4-D inhibits somatic embryogenesis (SE), proteomic
changes of Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) embryogenic callus induced by treatments with a high concentration of 2,4-D (6 mg l−1) was investigated. Nine 2,4-D-responsive proteins were identified, of which eight were up-regulated and one was down-regulated.
Interestingly, three of the eight up-regulated proteins were osmotic stress-associated, suggesting that 2,4-D induced osmotic
stress in Valencia embryogenic callus. This speculation was supported by results from our physiological studies: 2,4-D treated
callus cells exhibited increased cytoplasm concentration with a significant reduction in relative water content (RWC) and
an obvious increase in levels of two osmolytes (proline and soluble sugar). Taken together, our results suggested that 2,4-D
could inhibit somatic embryo initiation by, at least in part, inducing osmotic stress to citrus callus cells. 相似文献
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E. Corredoira S. A. Merkle M. T. Martínez M. Toribio J. M. Canhoto S. I. Correia 《植物科学评论》2019,38(1):29-97
Hardwood species are valuable biological resources that have an important role in the economy and ecology of ecosystems worldwide. Non-zygotic or somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a powerful tool in plant biotechnology as it is a form of clonal propagation, amenable to cryopreservation of valuable germplasm and genetic transformation including gene editing. The SE process involves five steps and includes somatic embryo induction, proliferation, maturation, plantlet conversion, and subsequent plant acclimatization. This review aims to provide a general overview of these steps in different SE systems developed for hardwood species. Factors that influence the induction stage such as the age of the donor plant, genotype and culture media are discussed. The role of different explant types, i.e. zygotic embryos and non-zygotic tissues, such as roots, flower tissues, nodes, internodes, leaves or shoot apices, in SE induction are especially emphasized. Histological studies of the origin of somatic embryos and the sequence of events leading to their development from initial explants are assessed. Maintenance of embryogenic capacity carried out by subculture of embryogenic inocula on semisolid or liquid media through cell suspension cultures or by temporary immersion systems is described. At present, the main concerns associated with the application of SE for large-scale propagation of elite hardwoods are related to the embryo maturation, germination, and plantlet conversion steps, and these are highlighted in this review. Finally, molecular aspects associated with somatic embryo induction and development are also described. Attempts to overcome the hurdles identified in the embryogenic process, and future lines of research are proposed. 相似文献
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Małgorzata D. Gaj Aneta Trojanowska Agnieszka Ujczak Martyna Mędrek Aleksandra Kozioł Beata Garbaciak 《Plant Growth Regulation》2006,49(2-3):183-197
Plant hormones are considered to be the key factors involved in triggering in vitro induced plant morphogenesis, including somatic embryogenesis (SE). Mutants affected in SE and altered in hormonal response therefore provide valuable material for genetic research on in vitro induced plant embryogenesis. The capacity for SE was studied in 27 mutants with defects in response to different plant hormones: auxin, ABA, gibberellin and cytokinin, and evaluated in 2-week-old mutant and wild-type cultures in terms of their efficiency and productivity. SE was induced in vitro via a direct morphogenic pathway, through the culture of immature zygotic embryos on standard solid medium with 5 μM 2,4-D. The majority of the analyzed mutants displayed a significantly impaired capacity for SE; and those affected belonged to several different hormone-defective groups, including forms affected in auxin (axr4), gibberellin (ga) and ABA (abi, hyl1, cpb20, abh1) response. These mutants showed a significant decrease in embryogenic response as manifested by a low efficiency and/or productivity of SE. Additionally, SE efficiency was analyzed for axr4-1 mutant on media supplemented with different auxins while GA3 and inhibitors of gibberellins (uniconazol P and paclobutrazol), were applied for pkl1-1-mutant. The selected mutants provide a valuable research tool for studying the molecular mechanisms determining the induction of embryogenesis in cultures of somatic tissues. Their usefulness in further studies is discussed. 相似文献
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Culture media and environmental factors may significantly influence the yield of haploid plants from anther cultures. Our objectives were to identify a combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) concentrations which produce the maximum number of haploid plants, and to evaluate the effects of duration in induction medium on calli induction, plant regeneration, and green plant production from anther cultures in spring wheat. Significant (P ≤ 0.01) plant growth regulator concentration effects (2,4-D and IAA) were observed on the number of calli, green plants and albino plants produced, and on direct plant regeneration. Addition of 2,4-D to the induction medium resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher means for all anther culture components compared to IAA> While addition of 2,4-D significantly (P ≤ 0.01) reduced plant regeneration, it substantially increased green plant percentage at a 0.3-mg l−1 concentration of IAA. Use of response functions to estimate the maximum effective 2,4-D × IAA combination implied that higher 2,4-D levels in the induction medium should be investigated, and that the optimum hormone combination differs for plant regeneration and green plant percentage. Significant (P ≤ 0.01) effects of duration on callus induction medium were observed for plant regeneration and green plant percentage. 相似文献