饲料中复方中草药对大菱鲆生长、饲料利用及非特异性免疫的影响

研究探讨了不同剂量的复方中草药[党参(Codonopsis pilosula Nannf.)、白术(Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.)、茯苓(Poria cocos Wolf.)、熟地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.)、甘草(Glycyrrhiza urale...     

湖南的新记录植物(六)

报道了湖南植物分布新记录, 其中新记录属2 个, 即假木豆属(Dendrolobium(Wight etArn.)Benth.)和排钱树属(Phyllodium Desv.);新记录种20 个, 即鹰爪花(Artabotrys hexapetalus(Linn.f.)Bhandari)、岩生碎米荠(Cardamine calcicola W.W.Smith.)、山芥碎米荠(Cardamine griffithii Hook.f.et Thons.)、白花碎米荠(Cardamine leucantha (Tausch)O.E.Schulz)、紫彩绣球(Hydrangea sargentiana Rehd.)、狭叶黄檀(Dalbergia stenophylla Prain)、假木豆(Dendrolobium triangulare(Retz.)Schindl.)、排钱树(Phyllodium pulchellum (L.)Desv.)、华野豌豆(Vicia chinensis Franch.)、绿萼凤仙花(Impatiens chlorosepala Hand.-Mazz.)、岩谷杜鹃(Rhododendron rupivalleculatum Tam.)、革叶铁榄(Sinosideroxylon wightianum (Hook.et Arn.)Aubr.)、宁波木犀(Osmanthus cooperi Hemsl.)、天人草(Comanthosphace japonica (Miq.)S.Moore)、华南野靛棵(Mananthes austrosinensis (H.S.Lo)C.Y.Wu et C.C.Hu)、东亚磨芋(Amorphophallus kiusianus (Makino)Makino)、齿唇兰(Anoectochilus lanceolatus Lindl.)、圆叶石豆兰(Bulbophyllum drymoglossum Maxim.ex Okubo)、毛杓兰(Cypripedium franchetii E.H.Wilson)、绿花斑叶兰(Goodyyera viridiflora (Bl.)Bl.);新记录变种1 个, 即异果崖豆藤(Millettia dielsiana Harms var.heterocarpa (Chun ex T.Chen)Z.Wei)。     

七种云南地衣植物的化学成分

本文报道分属于三个科的七种云南产地衣植物的化学成分。这些植物是亚洲树发(Alectoria asiatica DR.)、沟树发(Alectoria sulcata Nyl.)、长茎松萝(Usnea longissimaAch.)、胡子松萝(Usnea comosa(Ach.)Rohl.)、林石蕊(Cladonia arbuscula(Rabh.)Rabh.)、砖孢发(Oropogon loxensis(Fee.)Th.Fr.)和卷梢雪花衣(Anaptychiaboryi(Fee.)Mass.)。根据光谱数据测定,其化学成分为:松萝酸(Usnic acid)(1),维任西酸(Virensic acid)(2),赤星衣酸乙酯(Ethyl haematommate)(3),瑞藏酸(Rhizonic acid)(4),赤星衣酸(Haematommic acid)(5),扁枝衣酸乙酯(Ethyleverninate)(6),黑茶渍素(Atranorin)(7)和泽屋萜(Zeorin)(8)。上述资料,对开发利用这些植物资源提供了科学依据。     

堇菜科三角车属(Rinorea)及鳞隔堇属(Scyphellandra)植物修订

对堇菜科三角车属(Rinorea Aubl.)及鳞隔堇属(Scyphellandra Thw.)的部分种类进行了修订, 认为鳞隔堇(Scyphellandra pierrei H.de Boiss.)实为(Scyphellandra virgata Thw.), 而短柄三角车(Rinorea sessilis (Lour.)O.Ktze.)实为(Rinorea longiraumosa (Kurz.)Craib)。文中引用邱园(Kew)的标本已在其后注明, 未注明者均藏于华南植物所标本馆(IBSC)     

甘肃省被子植物新资料

报道了甘肃省分布的菊科(Compositae)1个新记录属——母菊属(Matricaria Linn.)以及菊科、龙胆科(Gentianaceae)、唇形科(Labiatae)5个新记录种——同花母菊[Matricaria matricarioides(Less.)Porter ex Britton]、牛耳风毛菊(Saussurea woodiana Hemsl.)、打箭风毛菊(Saussurea tatsienensis Franch.)、南山龙胆(Gentiana grumii Kusnez.)和连翘叶黄芩(Scutellaria hypericifolia Lévl.)。     

中国东北样带草原区植物δ 13 / C值及水分利用效率对环境梯度的响应

测定了中国东北森林 -草原样带草原区 15个常见植物种叶片的 δ1 3 C值 ,并以此作为植物长期水分利用效率的指示值 ,研究了不同植物种的水分利用效率对年均降水量、年均大气温度和海拔高度等环境梯度变化的响应。结果表明 :有相当一部分植物种的 δ1 3 C值和水分利用效率均随年均降水量和年均温增加而呈不同程度的降低趋势(如羊草 (L eymus chinensis(Trin.) Tzvel.)、家榆 (Ulmuspumila L.)、小叶锦鸡儿 (Caragana microphylla L am.)、直立黄芪 (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.)、地榆 (Sanguisorba officinalis L.)和菊叶委陵菜 (Potentila tanacetifolia Willd.ex Schlecht.)等 ) ,随海拔高度增高而呈不同程度的增加趋势 (如扁蓿豆 (Melissitus ruthenicus(L.) Peschkova)、羊草、家榆、小叶锦鸡儿、直立黄芪、地榆等 ) ;而少数几个种 (如达乌里胡枝子 (L espedeza davurica(L axm.)Schindl.) ,麻花头 (Serratula centauroides L.)等 )则与大多数种的情况截然相反 ,另外部分植物种则随环境因子变化不大 (达乌里黄芪 (Astragalus dahuricus(Pall.) DC.)、中间锦鸡儿 (Caragana intermedia Kuang et H.C.Fu)和狭叶锦鸡儿 (Caragana stenophylla Pojark.) ,冷蒿 (Artemisia frigida Willd.)、糙叶黄芪 (As     

安徽产苔藓植物新记录种

本文报导了在安徽大别山发现的中国苔藓植物新记录7种,它们是镰萼苔(Har-panthus florowianus(Nee.)Nee.)、桑叶青藓(Brachythecium moriense Besch.)、苍白青藓(Brachythecium pallescens Dix.& Thér.)、缩叶长喙藓(Rhynchostegium contractum Card.)、狭叶长喙藓(Rhynchostegium fauriei Card.)短柄绢鱿(Entodon brevisetus(Hook.& Wils.Lindb.)和褐色平锦藓(Platygyrium ru-sulum(Mitt.)Jaeg.)。     

中国苔类孢子形态的研究

通过电镜扫描方法 ,研究了 3个属 9种的中国叶状体苔类植物 :稀枝钱苔 (RicciahuebenerianaLindb .)、宽翅钱苔 (R .hantamensisPerold .)、曲脊钱苔 (R .cavernosaHoffm .)、R .warnstorfiiLimpr.exWarnst.、小孢钱苔 (R .frostiiAust.)、中华钱苔 (R .chinensisHerz .)、东亚花萼苔 (Asterellayoshinagana (Horik .)Horik .)、矮网花萼苔 (A .sanguiniaL .etL .)、背托苔 (Preissiaquadrata) (Scop .)Nees.)。对上述种类的孢子形态特征进行了描述。研究发现 ,上述 3属的孢子形态特征具有明显差异。而且同一属的孢子形态特征也存在差异 ,甚至可以作为种类划分的依据之一。同时采自不同地点的同一种类其孢子形态有时具微小的差别。这可能是由于生态环境差异所造成的     

浙江朱家尖观音湾古木层中果实与种子的分类学研究

报道了浙江舟山群岛朱家尖观音湾古木层中的种子植物的果实和种子 ,其中 1 4种已经被鉴定其属种 ,它们是南酸枣 ( Choerospondiasaxillaris)、椴树属 ( Tilia sp.)、樟 ( Cinnamomum camphora)、茄属 ( Solanumsp.)、忍冬属 ( Lonicera sp.)、山胡椒属 ( Lindera sp.)、苜蓿属 ( Medicago sp.)、荆三棱 ( Scirpusyagara)、金鱼藻属 ( Ceratophyllum sp.)、乌桕 ( Sapium sebif erum)、鹅耳枥属 ( Carpinus sp.)、野山楂 ( Crataegus cuneata)、浙江紫薇 ( Lagerstroemia chekiangensis)和朴树属 ( Celtis sp.)。根据地下古木层中的果实和种子的调查和分析 ,并参考了木材解剖和孢粉分析资料 ,我们认为这里的古木层历史植被类型曾经是亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶混交林植被     

基于天然更新性能筛选海南岛木麻黄海防林混交树种

基于对海南木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia L.)海防林天然更新情况的实地调查,采用更新数量、更新分布范围和更新结构3项单目标评价方法和熵权综合评价方法,对不同树种在木麻黄林下的天然更新性能进行评价和排序,据此筛选出适宜在木麻黄林下天然更新的树种。结果显示,更新能力较强的树种有:乔木树种潺槁木姜子(Litsea glutinosa(Lour.)C.B.Rob.)、大叶相思(Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth)、苦楝(Melia azedarace L.)和鹊肾树(Streblus asper Lour.);小乔木鸦胆子(Brucea javanica(Linn.)Merr.)、露兜树(Pandanus tectorius Sol.)和暗罗(Polyalthia suberosa(Roxb.)Thw.);灌木酒饼簕(Atalantia buxifolia(Poir.)Oliv.)、调料九里香(Murraya koenigii(L.)Spreng.)、刺篱木(Flacourtia indica(Burm.F.)Merr.)和基及树(Carmona microphylla(lam.)G.Don)。具有一定更新潜力的树种有:乔木树种榄仁树(Terminalia catappa L.)、红厚壳(Calophyllum inophyllum L.)等;小乔木粗糠柴(Mallotus philippensis(Lam.)Muell.Arg.)、八脉臭黄荆(Premna octonervia Merr.et Metc.)等;灌木苦郎树(Clerodendrum inerme(L.)Gaertn.)、九节(Psychotria rubra(Lour.)Poir.)等。小乔木和灌木是海防林的伴生树种,适当保留和种植可提高木麻黄林的物种多样性和层次结构。选用天然更新良好的树种与木麻黄混交,最终可实现海防林由人工林向“近自然”林的转化。     

中国苦苣苔科植物的多样性与地理分布（附表）

物种多样性编目是开展生物多样性保护的重要基础,该研究结合最新分子系统学研究成果以及近年来发表的新资料,对中国苦苣苔科植物多样性和地理分布数据进行了统计和分析.结果表明:中国苦苣苔科植物共有44属671种(含种下单位,下同),其中特有属11个;特有种573种,占总种数的85.39%.种数最多的10个属依次为广义报春苣苔属(180种)、广义马铃苣苔属(122种)、石蝴蝶属(39种)、半蒴苣苔属(39种)、芒毛苣苔属(38种)、长蒴苣苔属(35种)、石山苣苔属(31种)、吊石苣苔属(31种)、蛛毛苣苔属(28种)、汉克苣苔属(22种).在地理分布上,种数排名前10的省份(区)有广西(260种,33属)、云南(236种,30属)、贵州(96种,28属)、广东(93种,17属)、四川(85种,21属)、湖南(58种,13属)、西藏(39种,9属)、湖北(29种,15属)、福建(26种,13属)、江西(25种,9属).含中国特有苦苣苔科植物的属中排前10位的分别为广义报春苣苔属(178种)、广义马铃苣苔属(119种)、石蝴蝶属(37种)、半蒴苣苔属(35种)、石山苣苔属(30种)、长蒴苣苔属(29种)、吊石苣苔属(23种)、蛛毛苣苔属(19种)、芒毛苣苔属(19种)、汉克苣苔属(11种).这表明中国南部和西南部是苦苣苔科植物的一个分布中心,特别是石灰岩地区有着高度的物种多样性和特有性,广义报春苣苔属、广义马铃苣苔属、石蝴蝶属、半蒴苣苔属、石山苣苔属、吊石苣苔属等为我国典型的优势属.此外,根据目前的研究现状,还对我国苦苣苔科植物资源的调查、分类学和系统发育研究、保护和可持续利用等进行了讨论.     

Updated checklist of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Croatia

Improvement of morphological and molecular identification methods allows the detection of new species of mosquitoes. The mosquito fauna of Croatia currently includes 52 species, belonging to eight genera, including Anopheles (12 species), Aedes (24 species), Coquillettidia (one species), Culex (seven species), Culiseta (six species), Orthopodomyia (one species), and Uranotaenia (one species). This is an updated checklist, which includes five new species found in Croatian mosquito fauna. Two of these are invasive mosquito species, Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) and Aedes japonicus (Theobald 1901), which are spreading across Europe and Croatia. The other three species, Culex laticinctus (Edwards 1913), Culex torrentium (Martini 1925), and Anopheles daciae (Linton, Nicolescu & Harbach 2004) are autochthonous species which haven't been recorded so far. Since there are several more invasive species spreading across Europe, we assume that this is not the final list.     

An update on the status of native and exotic freshwater fishes of Italy

An updated, corrected checklist of both native and established alien freshwater fish species in Italy is given based on molecular, morphological and biogeographical data. Some 12 native species, reported as conspecific with transalpine species in official Italian ichthylogical literature, are in fact endemics. Previous taxonomic confusion has resulted in the introduction of several alien species, either with official stockings or mixed in as impurities. Rehabilitated species include the cyprinids Scardinius hesperidicus, Scardinius scardafa and Telestes savigny from northern Italy, as well as Squalius ruffoi and the Telestes comes from southern Italy. Squalius albus is a junior synonym of S. squalus. The endemic gudgeon, previously assigned to the genus Romanogobio, is returned to the genus Gobio (G. benacensis). Phoxinus lumaireul is a junior synonym of P. phoxinus. Among the Salmonidae, Salmo cenerinus is a junior synonym of S. marmoratus, while Salmo farioides represents the trout species of the Adriatic lineage for which a neotype is designated. Thymallus aeliani represents the endemic lineage of grayling of the Adriatic populations. The esocid Esox cisalpinus is an endemic pike species and Esox flaviae is a junior synonym; the extensive exportation as well as the presence of this species throughout Europe is possibly due to humans. Among sculpins, Cottus scaturigo and C. ferrugineus are junior synonyms of C. gobio. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories for native species of Italy are updated. At present, 52 native freshwater fish species are listed: 2 are extinct (Acipenser sturio and Huso huso), 12 are critically endangered, 7 endangered, 10 vulnerable, 3 near‐threatened, 15 low concern and 3 data‐deficient; 35 species are the result of human transfers. Among the 51 introduced species, 6 are recently established (Leuciscus leuciscus, Oreochromis niloticus, Poecilia reticulata, Xiphophorus helleri, Amatitlania nigrofasciatus, Hemichromis sp.), 37 are already established, 5 are probably established and 3 are non‐established Chinese carp, maintained in the wild by intensive stockings. The family most involved is the Cyprinidae, with 22 alien and 20 native species.     

Toxicity of venom of Asobara and Leptopilina species to Drosophila species

The Drosophila parasitoid Asobara japonica Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) has highly toxic venom that kills host larvae if its injection is not followed by an injection of lateral oviduct components along with egg‐laying. In the present study, the venoms of seven other Drosophila parasitoids (Asobara rossica, Asobara rufescens, Asobara pleuralis, Leptopilina heterotoma, Leptopilina japonica, Leptopilina ryukyuensis, and Leptopilina victoriae) are tested against three kinds of Drosophila species (i.e. Drosophila species that are suitable as host for focal parasitoids, those that are resistant to the parasitoids, and a cosmopolitan species, Drosophila simulans). Venoms of the three Asobara species are not toxic to any of Drosophila species, whereas those of the four Leptopilina species are toxic to some Drosophila species. The toxicity of venom varies among Leptopilina species, and the susceptibility to venom also varies among host Drosophila species. Furthermore, toxicity and paralytic effects of venom are not correlated. Because the toxicity of venom is not adaptive for parasitoids, it may be an inevitable side effect of some components that play an essential role in parasitism.     

AFLP-based differentiation of tropical African Festuca species compared to the European Festuca complex

For the first time amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting is applied to classify tropical African Festuca species. Five afro-alpine narrow- and two afro-montane broad-leaved species from Uganda and Ethiopia are compared to ten European grass species. A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) accounts for 62.5% with its first three coordinates. The PCoA and the neighbor-joining (NJ) distinguish the five narrow-leaved African Festuca species from all other species. The broad-leaved African Festuca africana and Festuca simensis are linked to the broad-leaved European species through Festuca altissima and Festuca gigantea, respectively. The narrow- and broad-leaved European species are separated as expected in the NJ. One narrow-leaved African alpine species recently described appears merged (i.e. Festuca richardii with Festuca abyssinica). We provide chromosome numbers for all seven Ugandan species and compare taxonomy and AFLP classification. Our most striking result is that the narrow-leaved African Festuca species are unique and not clustering with the narrow-leaved European species.     

New species of alderfly genus Sialis (Megaloptera: Sialidae) from China and Vietnam,with a key to species of Sialis from Asia

The alderfly genus Sialis is the most species‐rich group of the family Sialidae. However, discovery of new Sialis species is becoming difficult because of previous good faunal exploration. In this paper, we describe two new Sialis species from the southern part of East Asia, S. australis and S. jiyuni, based on materials from historical and recent collections. These two species are closely related to the insular species S. kumejimae and are among the early diverged species within Sialis. Presently, 32 species of Sialis are recorded from Asia. A key to all the Sialis species from Asia is provided.     

中国粘菌X:中国团毛菌科补记

本文补报了中国团毛菌科四个种,弱小团网菌Arcyria exigua sp. nov.和聚生团网菌Arcyria aggregata sp. nov.为新种,瑞士团网菌Arcyria helvetica和纹丝半网菌Hemitrichia intorta为中国新记录种。文中对二新种进行了描述,附有形态特征电镜扫描照片,并讨论了与相似种间的区别。新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室。     

贡嘎山石松类和蕨类植物的多样性与海拔分布（附表）

贡嘎山是横断山脉海拔最高的一座大山,是研究山地植物多样性和海拔分布的理想地区。为了探讨贡嘎山地区石松类和蕨类植物多样性组成及海拔分布特点,该研究基于野外考察、标本采集鉴定及文献考证,对贡嘎山地区石松类和蕨类植物进行统计和分析。结果表明:(1)贡嘎山地区有石松类植物3科4属25种,蕨类植物有23科56属291种。(2)主要的珍稀濒危植物有6种,分别是高寒水韭(Iso tes hypsophila)、松叶蕨(Psilotum nudum)、桫椤(Alsophila spinulosa)、小叶中国蕨(Aleuritopteris albofusca)、玉龙蕨(Polystichum glaciale)和扇蕨(Lepisorus palmatopedatus)。(3)优势科为鳞毛蕨科(Dryopteridaceae)75种、水龙骨科(Polypodiaceae)56种、凤尾蕨科(Pteridaceae)54种和蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)37种;优势属为耳蕨属(Polystichum)45种、鳞毛蕨属(Dryopteris)24种、蹄盖蕨属(Athyrium)24种和瓦韦属(Lepisorus)19种。(4)区系以温带成分为主,有286种(93.77%)。随着海拔的上升,石松类和蕨类的物种多样性逐渐增加,2000~3000 m海拔段的物种多样性最高,为20科46属192种,3000 m以上物种多样性逐渐下降,4500 m以上仅分布有4种蕨类植物。此外,该研究还发现,随着海拔的升高,中国-喜马拉雅成分逐渐增加。