胭脂鱼鳞片表面结构的扫描电镜观察

鳞片的数目和形态特征常作为鱼类分类的特征之一,也是年龄鉴定和生长状态分析的重要材料。对鱼类鳞片形态特征的研究早就受到广泛注意并在继续深入进行。自七十年代将扫描电镜技术应用于观察鳞片表面结构特征以来,已对近三十种鱼类的鳞片进行了扫描电镜观察研究,其中包括我国的淡水鱼类鲤亚科的几个种。上述研究结果显示出鳞片表面结构的亚显微特征在探讨鱼类系统发育和区别疑难种类上具有一定意义。为丰富我国鱼类鳞片表面亚显微结构资料和满足教学需要,我们对长江中的胭脂鱼Myxocyprinus asiaticus Bleeker 鳞片进行了扫描电镜观察。     

南极鳕鳞片表面结构的光镜和扫描电镜的观察

本文对南极鳕鳞片表面结构进行了光镜和扫描电镜形态学的初步研究。观察同一鱼体上圆鳞和栉鳞的各自形态,论述了两种鳞片年轮的特点及鳞峭、鳞沟、鳞棘等的特征。经过观察分析,认为年轮的断裂型即为生殖轮,生殖轮的出现将是性成熟的标志。     

中国鲴亚科鱼类鳞片表面结构的扫描电镜观察

中国鲴亚科鱼类鳞片表面结构的扫描电镜观察李仲辉,杨太有,李文（河南师范大学生物系,新乡４５３００２）关键词鲴亚科鱼类,鳞片,扫描电镜ＣＯＭＰＡＲＡＴＩＶＥＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＦＴＨＥＳＣＡＬＥＳＯＦＸＥＮＯＣＹＰＲＩＮＡＥ（ＰＩＳＣＥＳ：ＣＹＰＲＩＮＩＤ...     

大鳞副泥鳅鳞片表面结构的扫描电镜观察

对大鳞副泥鳅的鳞片作了扫描电镜观察。结果表明,大鳞副泥鳅具圆鳞;基区、侧区和顶区均具有辐射沟及环沟,二者交织成网状,将鳞片分割成块状,可增加鳞片的柔软度;次级辐射沟发出部位可作为确定年轮的主要依据。     

短盖巨脂鲤鳞片表面结构的扫描电镜观察

本文对短盖巨脂鲤的鳞片作了扫描电镜观察,研究结果表明：短盖巨脂鲤具圆鳞、基区、侧区和顶区的鳞纹上皆具片状突起,辐射沟分为初级、次级和三级三种形态、鳞焦中央的鳞纹呈网状。     

梁子湖鲤鱼鳞片年轮的标志及其形成的时期

鱼类年龄的测定是渔业生物学上一个重要问题,为了对鱼类资源合理地开发利用,必须广泛展开鱼类的生长、鱼群组成、性成熟的年龄等有关渔业生物学问题的研究。但是这些问题的解决,都以能正确测定鱼类的年龄为先决条件。     

三叶木通叶表面结构的环境扫描电镜观察

利用环境扫描电镜,观察了野生三叶木通叶表面结构特征。结果表明:表皮细胞形状无规则;叶上表皮外切向面分布有明显的角质膜,加厚的角质膜表面覆盖有不同形态的蜡质,且在不同样品间有较大差异;叶下表面具三角状以及乳头状突起;气孔器为不规则型,只分布在叶下表面,散生且取向不规则。     

嘉陵江岩原鲤、鲤鱼肠粘膜的扫描电镜观察

岩原鲤(Ｐｒｏｃｙｐｒｉｓｒａｂａｕｄｉ)是江河名贵鱼类之一[1][4],也是重要的养殖鱼类,对其肠粘膜结构的研究具有重要的实际价值。为此,我们在对其消化能力和营养价值研究的基础上[2],对肠道粘膜进行了扫描电镜观察,并与鲤鱼(Ｃｙｐｒｉｎｕｓｃａｒｐｉｏ)作了对比分析。1　材料和方法11　试验鱼　岩原鲤和鲤鱼均为1998年10月～12月从嘉陵江北碚段捕鱼船收购的鲜活鱼。岩原鲤体重870～1340ｇ,平均980ｇ,共6尾;鲤鱼350～1400ｇ,平均760ｇ,共6尾。12　材料制备及观察　常规解剖取出肠道。将部分鱼的肠道翻转,使粘膜面暴露出来,并用水冲洗…     

鲤鳃表面结构扫描电镜研究

鲤的鳃丝表面显示了由三边形一六边形不等的表皮细胞,呈现出各种图案式的结构。     

黄鳝咽部表面形态结构扫描电镜研究

用扫描电子显微镜对黄鳝咽部表面亚微形态结构作了详细的观察研究.黄鳝咽部表面具有许多纵行的褶,细胞间具有深沟、深洞和不规则的颗粒等不同结构.咽部上皮细胞表而结构与其它鱼类鳃弓、鳃丝、鳃耙上皮细胞相似,都具有隆嵴、短纹和点纹.这些表面形态结构与黄鳝咽部呼吸机理密切相关.     

杞麓湖鲤属鱼类分化在鳃耙超微结构上的表达

本工作以杞麓湖的鲤属鱼类为研究对象,应用扫描电镜技术研究各物种鳃耙形态结构的分化,探讨同域型物种分化在鳃耙超微结构上的表达形式。鳃耙的形态分化是多层次的,且不同物种鳃耙的分化可在各层次独立进行,也可在层次之间出现交叉,从而使分化形式丰富多彩。杞麓湖鲤属鱼类鳃耙分化模式对研究云南高原湖泊其它类群的物种分化具有一定参考意义。     

Morphology and ultrastructure of isolated gemmae of Drosera pygmaea and their in vitro germination

Gemma morphology, histology and ultrastructure before and after germination in vitro were studied in Drosera pygmaea. The histology of the gemma is similar to that of a seed, being characterized by an embryo-like structure and storage tissue, although no seed coat is formed. One embryo-like structure within the gemma, which gives origin to a new plant, expresses polar organisation with distinct meristematic regions. Storage tissue surrounding the embryo-like structure resembles endosperm and it is built of parenchyma cells possessing plastids with starch grains and dense material within vacuoles. The regeneration from the gemma may provide useful system to study plant morphogenesis under stress conditions including in vitro culture. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Extracelluar matrix induces formation of organoids and changes in cell surface morphology in cultured human breast carcinoma cells PMC42-LA

In the lactating breast, the development of secretory alveoli consisting of differentiated cells arranged around a central lumen is dependent on signals from the extracellular environment of the cells. There are few cell lines that model this process. We previously showed that the human breast carcinoma line PMC42-LA can be induced to form organoids, reminiscent of secretory alveoli found in the lactating human breast. In this report, we used high-resolution scanning electron microscopy to show that the formation of organoids is accompanied by development of cell surface microvilli. Extracellular matrix-induced formation of microvilli occurred on the internal and external surfaces of cells in the organoids and not on surfaces in contact with the extracellular matrix. Organoid formation of PMC42-LA cells induced a rearrangement of the extracellular matrix, seen in the form of radiating fibers from the organoids. In summary, there is an interaction between PMC42-LA cells and the underlying extracellular matrix, which leads to the formation of polarized cells with well-developed microvilli. This is accompanied by organization of the extracellular matrix. PMC42-LA is a relevant model of the human breast for investigations into cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.     

Correlative 3D imaging of whole mammalian cells with light and electron microscopy

We report methodological advances that extend the current capabilities of ion-abrasion scanning electron microscopy (IA-SEM), also known as focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, a newly emerging technology for high resolution imaging of large biological specimens in 3D. We establish protocols that enable the routine generation of 3D image stacks of entire plastic-embedded mammalian cells by IA-SEM at resolutions of ∼10–20 nm at high contrast and with minimal artifacts from the focused ion beam. We build on these advances by describing a detailed approach for carrying out correlative live confocal microscopy and IA-SEM on the same cells. Finally, we demonstrate that by combining correlative imaging with newly developed tools for automated image processing, small 100 nm-sized entities such as HIV-1 or gold beads can be localized in SEM image stacks of whole mammalian cells. We anticipate that these methods will add to the arsenal of tools available for investigating mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions, and more generally, the 3D subcellular architecture of mammalian cells and tissues.     

不同温度下黄曲霉菌菌丝超微形态的比较研究

为探究黄曲霉菌的毒素合成是否影响菌丝超微形态,本研究结合扫描和透射电镜技术比较观察产毒(28℃和30℃)和不产毒(37℃和40℃)温度下培养的不同发育阶段的黄曲霉菌菌丝形态和超微结构.扫描电镜结果显示:28℃下,在24h和44h菌丝体表面有丝状粘性分泌物附着,48-72h之间菌丝体逐渐出现皱缩、塌陷和扭曲现象,而37℃...     

贡嘎蝠蛾卵的扫描电镜和生物学观察

贡嘎蝠蛾卵呈椭圆形,在扫描电镜下卵壳表面分为一般卵壳区和受精孔区：一般卵壳区密布颗粒状突起;受精孔区位于卵端部,呈不规则梨形垫状,精孔开口于突起内侧凹陷上部。贡嘎蝠蛾在6月下旬—7月产卵,散产。在平均温度8－10℃、相对湿度80％－90％,卵的发育历期为50天左右,孵化率75％以上。卵常遭受霉菌和寄生蜂天敌危害。     

Comparative study of the corneal epithelium in some reptiles inhabiting different environments

El‐Bakry, A.M. 2011. Comparative study of the corneal epithelium in some reptiles inhabiting different environments. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 92 : 54–61. The vertebrate cornea functions in either aquatic or aerial environments and in some cases in both. In terrestrial and aerial vertebrates, the cornea contributes most of the refractive powers of the eye because of the large variation in refractive index between the air and the cornea. The present study aimed to examine and compare the main features of the corneal epithelial surface of three reptilian species related to three different families (Caretta caretta, Varanus griseus and Mabuya quinquetaeniata) and inhabiting different environment, by light, scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. The mean epithelial cell densities of the species of the study were 8.670 ± 3.134, 5.945 ± 2.144 and 2.124 ± 713 respectively. The corneal epithelium of the three species observed by SEM showed a similarity to one another indicating that the apical cell surfaces possess regular polygonal cells with varieties of microprocesses. These microprocesses were represented by microplicae, numerous microvilli and some long microridges in C. caretta, microplicae and minute microholes in V. griseus and microplicae intermingled with short microvilli in M. quinquetaeniata. According to the densities of these microprocesses, three polymorphic cell types (light, medium and dark) appeared in C. caretta, light and medium cell types were observed in V. griseus and medium and dark cell types were noticed in M. quinquetaeniata. Different types of tight adhesions were observed by transmission electron microscopy between the cell borders of the epithelial cells which differ according to environment where the species occupy. In conclusion, variation in the structure of the corneal epithelial cells appears to be related to the living environment, such as aerial, terrestrial and aquatic ones, which is occupied by every species.     

The Structure and Morphogenesis of the Ventral Ciliature in Paraurostyla hymenophora*

SYNOPSIS. The structure and morphogenesis of the ventral ciliature of Paraurostyla hymenophora (Stokes) are described. The oral primordium apparently originates in association with transverse cirrus #6, from which it migrates anteriorly simultaneous with kinetosomal proliferation. The primordium eventually forms an elongate ciliary field from which the future opisthe's fronto-ventro-transverse (FVT) and undulating membrane primordial fields arise. Concomitantly, the future proter's FVT primordial field is initiated by the disaggregation of frontal cirri #4, #5, and #6. Primordia then develop simultaneously within marginal and ventral cirral rows by a disaggregation of cirri within the respective rows, and do not give rise to new cirri until the FVT fields complete segregation into discrete cirri. Near the completion of cirral production from the FVT primordia, each ventral cirral primordium (VCP) forms the 2 rightmost transverse cirri. Segregation of new cirri within the marginal cirral primordia and VCP then occurs, eventually replacing all old cirri within their respective marginal and ventral cirral rows. At the end of cortical morphogenesis, all old ciliary organelles, with the exception of the adoral zone of membranelles, are either reorganized or replaced. These results suggest an evolutionary affinity between the ventral and marginal cirral rows and raise questions about the control of the developmental competence of individual primordia.