Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Two New Marine Euplotids,Pseudodiophrys nigricans n. g., n. sp., and Paradiophrys zhangi n. sp. (Ciliophora: Euplotida)

ABSTRACT. The morphology, infraciliature, and molecular phylogeny of Pseudodiophrys nigricans n. g., n. sp., and Paradiophrys zhangi n. sp., isolated from a sandy beach near Qingdao, China, were investigated. Pseudodiophrys is characterized by the Diophrys‐like ciliature pattern, but having only a single, reduced undulating membrane. Pseudodiophrys nigricans, the type species by monotypy, is described from live and silver‐impregnated specimens. Paradiophrys zhangi is similar to the type species Paradiophrys irmgard but can be recognized by its border body and the number (7 vs. 8–10) and arrangement (in rows vs. sparsely distributed) of the frontoventral cirri. Small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence data support the validity of both species. Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSU rRNA gene sequence data currently available for uronychiids and other related taxa indicate that P. nigricans is most closely related to Diophrys scutum and Diophrys apoligothrix, while P. zhangi clusters most closely with Apodiophrys ovalis within a clade that also includes two other Paradiophrys species.     

Do microsporidia function as “biological weapon” for Harmonia axyridis under natural conditions?

Invasive alien species, such as the multicoloured Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis, are often regarded as major drivers of biodiversity loss. Therefore understanding which characteristics or mechanisms contribute to their invasive success is important. Here the role of symbiotic microsporidia in the hemolymph of H. axyridis was investigated in the context of intraguild predation between wild‐caught H. axyridis and the native ladybird species Coccinella septempunctata. The microsporidia were recently discussed to contribute to the unpalatability of Harmonia for other coccinellids during intraguild predation and to function as “biological weapons”. In the present study, visual detection of microsporidia in hemolymph samples revealed that 73.5 % of H. axyridis were infected. Intraguild predation experiments between larvae of the two species showed a significant competitive advantage for H. axyridis, even against larger larvae of C. septempunctata. Adult C. septempunctata always killed and fed on H. axyridis larvae. However only 11.4 % (4 of 47) of C. septempunctata that fed on infected H. axyridis died within 4 months. In contrast to previous studies this suggests that microsporidia or harmonine, the chemical defense compound of H. axyridis, do not lead to death of C. septempunctata preying on larvae of H. axyridis. Instead our results support the idea that competitive advantage during intraguild predation greatly facilitates the success of H. axyridis and that this may help this highly invasive species to outcompete native species. The impact of microsporidia on Harmonia itself as well as on interspecific interactions require further studies.     

中国皿蛛科蜘蛛一新属和一新种记述(蛛形纲:蜘蛛目)

本文记述采自新疆的皿蛛科蜘蛛一新届——颚齿蛛属Maxillodens gen.nov.及其一新种——鞭状颚齿蛛M.flageuatus sp.nov。     

四川鱼类半尾科吸虫一新属新种（吸虫纲：复殖目）

本文记述从长薄鳅和斑鳜胃内采到的半尾科Ｈｅｍｉｕｒｉｄａｅ吸虫一新属新种－薄鳅副指腺吸虫Ｐａｒａｌｅｃｉｔｈｏｃｈｉｒｉｕｍ ｌｅｐｔｏｂｏｔｉａｅ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。新属以其虫卵的两端各具一根细长的卵丝、卵黄腺和卵巢位于尾部略前,子宫盘曲于卵黄腺之前等特征而区别于近似的指腺属Ｌｅｃｉｔｈｏｃｈｉｒｉｕｍ．     

实蝇亚科一新属新种记述（双翅目：实蝇科）

本文记述实蝇亚科Trypetinae一新属新种:端脉实蝇属Apiculonia gen. nov., 模式种——西藏端脉实蝇A. tibetana sp. nov.。本新属与实蝇属Trypeta Meigen 近缘,但口上片极其发达,几呈半圆形;r-m横脉显位于1M_2室末端,易于鉴别。     

A new genus and species of deep-sea glass sponge (Porifera, Hexactinellida, Aulocalycidae) from the Indian Ocean

New hexactinellid sponges were collected from 2589 m depth on the Carlsberg Ridge in the Indian Ocean during deep-sea dredging. All fragments belong to a new genus and species, Indiellagen. n.ridgenensissp. n., a representative of the family Aulocalycidae described here. The peculiar features of this sponge, not described earlier for other Aulocalycidae, are: longitudinal strands present in several layers and epirhyses channelization.     

浙江省蚱科一新属新种：（直翅目）

本文记述拟台蚱属Ｆｏｒｍｏｓａｔｅｔｔｉｘｏｉｄｅｓ新属及浙江拟台蚱Ｆｏｒｍｏｓａｔｅｔｔｉｘｏｉｄｅｓ ｚｈｅｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ新种。拟台昨属近似于台蚱属Ｆｏｒｍｏｓａｔｅｔｔｉｓ Ｔｉｎｋｈａｍ,主要区别为前者具明显的前、后翅,外观可见。     

云南蝗虫一新属新种：直翅目：斑腿蝗科

本文记述采自云南省瑞丽地区蝗虫新属龙川蝗属Longchuanacris gen.nov.及新种巨尾片龙川蝗 L.macrofurculus sp.nov.该新属近似于 Pseudogerunda Bey-Bienko.主要区别为前胸背板侧片后缘极凹入;前翅到达第一腹节背板的后缘;后足股节下膝侧片顶刺状:后足附节第3节长度为第1、2节长度之和;雄性腹部末节背板具尾片。     

中国海域多毛类环节动物物种多样性研究进展

多毛类环节动物是海洋底栖生物群落的重要类群之一, 在海洋生物监测、海水养殖、底栖食物链网、生态评估和生态修复中起着重要的作用。本文根据我国学者首篇记述中国海域多毛类物种文献、首次发表新种文献和首篇博士论文的年份, 将中国海域多毛类环节动物物种多样性研究分为3个阶段。第一阶段(1933-1961年)我国学者尚未发现新种, 但记述了几十种多毛类; 第二阶段(1962-2007年)发现了49新种, 但没有专门的博士和硕士学位论文; 第三阶段(2008-2022年)发现了120新种, 有博士和硕士学位论文。从1933年至2022年, 我国学者发现的新种和新记录种数量呈上升趋势, 但在不同时间段, 特别是在第二阶段有较大波动。目前, 我国多毛类物种多样性研究存在一些科、属、种的分类地位存疑, 一些科、属的分类亟待研究, 一些新种未被世界海洋物种目录(World Register of Marine Species)接受等问题。鉴于存在的问题, 本文建议在我国加强多毛类数据库建设, 加强多毛类物种多样性、遗传多样性和环境DNA研究。     

中国三节叶蜂科系统分类研究──脊颜三节叶蜂亚科—新属五新种(膜翅目:三节叶蜂科)(英文)

本文记述中国脊颜三节叶蜂亚科—新属五新种：显脉三节叶蜂属,Ortasicerosgen.nov·新属,郑氏显脉三节叶蜂O.zhengisp．nov．（模式种）,黑头显脉三节叶蜂O.nigricepssp．nov,短角显脉三节叶蜂O．brevicornissp．nov,曲瓣显脉三节叶蜂O.curvatasp．nov．和隆额显脉三节叶蜂O．ele－vatasp．nov。新属与淡脉三节叶蜂属CopidocerusForsius最近似,但后翅2A＋3A脉极短,臀室开放,前翅Sc脉显著并接近R＋M脉端部,可与之区别。新属及淡脉三节叶蜂属前翅具Sc脉,口器退化,下颚须5节,下唇须3节,右上颚无基齿等,与脊颜三节叶蜂亚科其它已知属不同,而类似新北亚界的Atomacerinae和新热带界的其它亚科的某些属,故此建立新族,显脉三节叶蜂族Ortasicerinitribenov。文中还编制了东方界和古北亚界三节叶蜂科已知属检索表。模式标本均保存于中南林学院昆虫标本室。     

A new species of Amphictene (Annelida,Pectinariidae) from the northern South China Sea

Pectinariids are a family of polychaetes commonly found in shallow coastal waters around the world, but their diversity is poorly known along the coasts of Asia. Here we describe Amphictenealatasp. n. (Pectinariidae), based on 15 specimens collected from the coastal waters of Guangdong in the northern South China Sea. This new species can be distinguished from all other 13 described species and one described subspecies of Amphictene by having a pair of dorsolateral lobes on segment 3, a pair of large lateral lobes on segment 21, and more scaphal hooks (26 to 37 pairs).     

福建省数种杯叶科吸虫研究及一新属三新种的叙述(鸮形目:杯叶科)

杯叶科是食鱼的爬行类、鸟类、哺乳类寄生的吸虫。本文修订了以往在福建报道的虫种,叙述了一个新属三个新种,取消了前此所定的一个属及种[Tangiella parovipara(Faust and Tang,1938)],认为是存疑的种。本文还报道了盖前冠吸虫 Prosostephanus Tubangu,1922的终末宿主河獭,从而作者(Tang,1941)完成了其生活史的研究。本文比较了从河獭所得的标本与从描、犬所获标本各器官的测量数据,发现由最佳的终末宿住所得标本,其个体及各器官和卵子的测量数据均较大。     

刺脉实蝇族一新属三新种(双翅目:实蝇科)

本文记述刺脉实蝇族Acanthinevrini一新属三新种,即墨实蝇属Cyaforma gen. nov., 神峨墨实蝇C.shenonica sp.nov., 西藏川实蝇 Ortalotrypeta tibeta sp.nov., 单鬃川实蝇 O.singula sp.nov。