大肠杆菌-分枝杆菌穿梭表达质粒pBCG-2100的构建及应用

利用分子生物学方法,构建了大肠杆菌分枝杆菌(E.coliMycobacterium)穿梭表达质粒pBCG-2100,研究了编码日本血吸虫中国大陆株谷胱甘肽S转移酶(Glutathione Stransferase,GST)抗原基因在卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette Guerin,BCG)中的表达。以含人结核杆菌热休克蛋白(Heat shock protein,hsp)70基因全长序列的质粒pMT-70为模板,扩增出hsp70启动子,测序选出无错配的启动子,将其定向克隆入E.coliMycobacterium穿梭质粒pBCG-2000中,构建成E.coliMycobacterium穿梭表达质粒pBCG-2100。再将编码GST的cDNA按正确的阅读框顺序,克隆到pBCG-2100中hsp70启动子的下游,得到分枝杆菌表达质粒pBCG-GST。将pBCG-GST电转化入BCG中,筛选出重组BCG疫苗,经热诱导后所表达的重组GST(rGST)抗原,为可溶性蛋白,经纯化后,在SDS-PAGE上分子量为26kD处可见明显的表达蛋白带,其表达量占BCG菌体总蛋白的13%。Western blot提示rGST能与抗GST的抗体反应。     

口蹄疫病毒P1基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及其生物活性的初步分析

将口蹄疫病毒 (FMDV)结构蛋白基因P1的完整cDNA序列插入原核表达性载体pGEX KG中 ,使P1基因与GST融合 ,获得融合表达质粒pKG P1,转化E .coliBL₂₁ (DE3) ,经IPTG诱导 ,SDS PADE结果表明GST P1融合蛋白获得高效表达 ,Western blot检测证实表达的融合蛋白具有免疫学活性 ,表达产物主要存在于细菌裂解液上清中。进一步采用GST纯化试剂盒纯化P1蛋白并作为诊断抗原 ,建立了P1 ELISA诊断方法 ,与FMD间接血凝 (IHA)检测方法平行检测 86 4份血清样品 ,总的符合率达87%。     

人胸腺素α1在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

利用基因工程表达的方法,在大肠杆菌中通过与GST蛋白融合的方式高效表达了胸腺素α1前体基因,随后经亲和层析和SP强阳离子树脂纯化相结合的方式,得到了胸腺素前体肽段31肽和N端未经乙酰化修饰的28肽。融合蛋白表达量达到菌体总蛋白的35%～40%,样品肽的产量也达到了约200mg/L（肽/发酵液）的产量。经质谱测定,分子量分别为3366和3066。BalB/C小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞体外测活表明,所构建的GSTTα1融合蛋白和纯化后的产物对于淋巴细胞具有比较明显的增殖作用,其中N端未经乙酰化的28肽产物与31肽产物活性相近,均对淋巴细胞具有明显的刺激增殖作用。     

硫氧还蛋白抗体柱的制备

目的:探索硫氧还蛋白(Trx)抗体柱对Trx融合蛋白纯化的可行性。方法与结果:对含有Trx基因的质粒表达载体pTrxFus进行改造,在Trx读框之后加入6×His序列,并在大肠杆菌中表达C端带有6×His标签的Trx,经Ni2+柱亲和纯化后制备多克隆抗体;把经蛋白A纯化后的抗体偶联在溴化氰活化的琼脂糖凝胶上,制成Trx抗体柱;用此抗体柱纯化与Trx融合表达的豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(CpTI),SDS-PAGE结果显示获得了纯度较高的Trx-CpTI。结论:用Trx抗体制成的免疫亲和层析柱可以有效纯化Trx融合蛋白。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒ORF5基因在昆虫细胞中的高效融合表达

对杆状病毒BactoBac表达系统的转座质粒pFastbac1进行改造,即在其多角体蛋白启动子下游插入谷胱苷肽S转移酶（glutathioneStransferase, GST）基因,构建GST融合表达转座质粒pFGST。通过转座和转染Sf9细胞,证实该系统能高水平表达GST。采用PCR方法从pMTgp51质粒中扩增截去N端信号肽序列的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）YA株ORF5基因,并将截短的ORF5基因片段克隆到pFGST中,使之与GST融合,构建的重组转座质粒pFGST53转染DH10Bac,提取大分子Bacmid DNA,转染Sf9细胞,获得能表达融合蛋白的高滴度重组病毒rvGST53。rvGST53感染Sf9细胞,SDSPAGE和Western印迹分析表明：与GST融合的ORF5基因在Sf9细胞中获得高效表达,表达产物分子量为45kD,能与抗PRRSV E蛋白单克隆抗体发生特异性反应。将表达产物免疫小白鼠,经间接免疫荧光检测,免疫血清能使PRRSV YA株感染的MARC145细胞呈较强的荧光着色,证实表达的融合蛋白具有良好的免疫原性。     

IBV核蛋白的表达纯化及在监测中应用

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV）是禽类一种变异性很强的冠状病毒,为获得高度纯化的IBV核蛋白,建立监测IBV抗体的方法,通过RT-PCR从IBV中扩增IBV-N基因,定向连接到表达载体pGEX-KG中,转化E. coli BL21（DE3）菌株,诱导获得表达产物,SDS-PAGE分析产物大小、Western blot分析其免疫学活性,通过亲和层析法获得高度纯化的表达蛋白,建立一种检测IBV抗体的方法,并应用于临床监测。结果显示,IBV-N基因全长1230bp,GST融合蛋白表达产物大小约为80kDa,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的25%,具有良好的免疫学活性;通过GST亲和层析柱成功获得纯化蛋白,以该蛋白包被酶标板,成功地建立了一种检测血清中IBV抗体的间接ELISA方法。研究表明重组N蛋白作为IBV诊断抗原,具有制备简便、特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好的特点,可用于该病的临床监测,为该病疫情监测、发病机制研究奠定了基础。     

点状产气单胞菌脯氨酰内肽酶基因的克隆与表达

用活性筛选法从产气单胞菌点状亚种ST7833 (Aeromonas puctata subsp.puctata ST7833)的基因组中克隆了脯氨酰内肽酶 (Prolyl Endopeptidase,简称apPEP)的基因,测定了含有PEP基因的33kb DNA片段的序列,第202092bp编码了690个氨基酸组成的脯氨酰内肽酶,经检索是一种新的PEP基因。并构建了一株组成性高效表达PEP的基因工程菌BL21/pGEMPEP。BL21/pGEMPEP在 YH培养基中apPEP的表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%左右,活力是野生菌的112倍,表达产物主要为可溶性的胞内蛋白,约5%分泌到胞外。非还原SDSPAGE显示为单体,分子量为76kD,与基因序列预测的分子量一致。试管培养后纯化得到了纯度大于90%的重组脯氨酰内肽酶,比活力为67U/mg。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)GP5-M在大肠杆菌中的融合表达及其ELISA诊断方法的建立

利用谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 (GST)表达系统将猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒 (PRRSV)的ORF5和ORF6基因依序串联于GST下游 ,并在大肠杆菌中成功表达 ,获得了大小约为60kD的融合蛋白GST-GP5-M ,Westernblot检测证实表达的融合蛋白具有良好的生物学活性。以纯化的融合蛋白为抗原建立了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征P56-ELISA检测方法 ,与国外试剂盒IDEXX-ELISA总符合率为 94.1% ,表明建立的P56-ELISA检测方法具有很好的特异性和敏感性。进一步分析了P56-ELISA检测结果与血清中和试验的相关性 ,经回归函数分析 ,发现在临床送检猪血清中的抗融合蛋白GP5 M抗体水平 (OD_630nm)与中和抗体水平之间的相关性并不高。     

Mn-SOD与抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因的融合及高效表达

将Mn-SOD与抗癌胚抗原(CEA)单链抗体基因(ScFv gene)融合,重组到含T7启动子的表达载体pET-22b(+)中,构建表达质粒pETMnSOD-ScFv,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),进行高效表达,表达物占菌体可溶性总蛋白的24%。SDSPAGE和蛋白质印迹图谱显示表达物分子量为45kD与融合基因编码蛋白质的理论值相符。该蛋白质在大肠杆菌中为分泌型表达有利于纯化。RIA测定表明表达产物能特异性的与抗原CEA结合,同时邻苯三酚法测定也表明表达产物具有SOD酶的活性,该融合蛋白为分泌CEA肿瘤的靶向性治疗提供新的途径。     

H9N2型禽流感病毒核蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

目的:利用大肠杆菌表达H9N2禽流感病毒(AIV)核蛋白(NP)与GST的融合蛋白并分离纯化,进行动物免疫制备多克隆抗体。方法:根据AIV NP基因序列设计引物,将已经获得的NP基因定向克隆到GST融合原核表达载体pGEX-KG并转化大肠杆菌,在IPTG诱导下获得高效表达。经谷胱甘肽层析柱分离纯化蛋白,制备抗原免疫家兔,得到pGEX-KG-NP多克隆抗体。结果:SDS-PAGE分析显示融合表达蛋白GST-NP相对分子质量约82 000,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的20%。Western-blot和ELISA检测结果表明,重组NP能与鸡抗AIV抗体发生明显的抗原抗体反应。自制的多克隆抗体能特异地与NP相互作用,可用于AIV病原诊断。结论:获得了NP基因的高效表达产物;制备了效价和特异性良好的抗重组NP多克隆抗体。经实验验证表达产物具有活性,多克隆抗体效价高,特异性强,为AIV病原诊断试剂的研发奠定了基础。     

Improved recovery of active GST-fusion proteins from insoluble aggregates: solubilization and purification conditions using PKM2 and HtrA2 as model proteins

The glutathione S-transferase (GST) system is useful for increasing protein solubility and purifying soluble GST fusion proteins. However, purifying half of the GST fusion proteins is still difficult, because they are virtually insoluble under non-denaturing conditions. To optimize a simple and rapid purification condition for GST-pyruvate kinase muscle 2 (GST-PKM2) protein, we used 1% sarkosyl for lysis and a 1:200 ratio of sarkosyl to Triton X-100 (S-T) for purification. We purified the GST-PKM2 protein with a high yield, approximately 5 mg/L culture, which was 33 times higher than that prepared using a conventional method. Notably, the GST-high-temperature requirement A2 (GST-HtrA2) protein, used as a model protein for functional activity, fully maintained its proteolytic activity, even when purified under our S-T condition. This method may be useful to apply to other biologically important proteins that become highly insoluble in the prokaryotic expression system.     

Expression in Escherichia coli and purification of human recombinant connexin-43, a four-pass transmembrane protein

We have recently shown, using a well-defined in vitro model, that connexin 43 (Cx43) is directly involved in human cytotrophoblastic cell fusion into a multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast. Cx43 appears to interact with partner proteins within a fusogenic complex, in a multi factorial and dynamic process. This fusogenic complex remains to be characterized and constituent proteins need to be identified. In order to identify proteins interacting with the entire Cx43 molecule (extracellular, transmembrane and intracellular domains), we produced and purified full-length recombinant Cx43 fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST-Cx43) and used it as "bait" in GST pull-down experiments. Cx43 cDNA was first cloned into the pDEST15 vector in order to construct a GST-fusion protein, using the Gateway system. The fusion protein GST-Cx43 was then expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21-AI? and purified by glutathione-affinity chromatography. The purified fusion protein exhibited the expected size of 70 kDa on SDS-PAGE, western blot and GST activity. A GST pull-down assay was used to show the capacity of the full-length recombinant protein to interact with known partners. Our results suggest that this method has the capacity to produce sufficient full-length recombinant protein for investigations aimed at identifying Cx43 partner proteins.     

16S rRNA Is Bound to Era of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Era is an essential membrane-associated GTPase that is present in bacteria and mycoplasmas. Era appears to play an important role in the regulation of the bacterial cell cycle. In this study, we expressed the native and glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion forms of Streptococcus pneumoniae Era in Escherichia coli and purified both proteins to homogeneity. We showed that RNA was copurified with the GST-Era protein of S. pneumoniae during affinity purification and remained associated with the protein after removal of the GST tag by thrombin cleavage. The thrombin-treated and untreated GST-Era proteins could bind and hydrolyze GTP and exhibited similar kinetic properties (dissociation constant [kD], Km, and Vmax). However, the native Era protein purified by using different chromatographic columns had a much lower GTPase activity than did GST-Era, although it had a similar k(D). In addition, RNA was not associated with the protein. Purified GST-Era protein was shown to be present as high (600-kDa)- and low (120-kDa)-molecular-mass forms. The high-molecular-mass form of GST-Era was associated with RNA and exhibited a very high GTPase activity. Approximately 40% of purified GST-Era protein was associated with RNA, and removal of the RNA resulted in a significant reduction in GTPase activity. The RNA associated with GST-Era was shown to be predominantly 16S rRNA. The native Era protein isolated directly from S. pneumoniae was also present as a high-molecular-mass species (600 kDa) complexed with RNA. Together, our results suggest that 16S rRNA is associated with Era and might stimulate its GTPase activity.     

Functional comparison of homologous members of three groups of Kunitz-type enzyme inhibitors from potato tubers ( Solanum tuberosum L.)

For functional studies, nine cDNAs encoding Kunitz-type enzyme inhibitors from potato tubers were expressed as GST (glutathione S transferase)-tagged fusion proteins in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The inhibitors represented the three major homology groups A, B and C found in tubers. Members of the same homology group were at least 90% identical in sequence. The purified GST fusion proteins were tested for their ability to inhibit the proteases trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, subtilisin, papain and aspergillopepsin I, and for inhibition of the growth of fungi. Fusion proteins belonging to the same and different homology groups were found to exhibit distinct protease inhibition profiles. Removal of the GST tag by cleavage with enterokinase did not change the inhibition profile but increased the inhibitory activity. Group A and B inhibitors affected the proteases to different extents, whereas group C inhibitors showed only weak or no protease inhibition. One fusion protein completely inhibited aspergillopepsin I. One fusion protein each of groups A and B strongly inhibited mycelial growth of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme. The results suggest functional polymorphism among closely related members of the Kunitz-type inhibitor family.     

肿瘤MUC1/Y的克隆及其胞外段在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达、纯化和鉴定

为获得MUC1 Y全长cDNA及其胞外段蛋白 ,以用于进一步的生物学功能及肿瘤生物学治疗的研究 .利用RT PCR从HeLa细胞中扩增MUC1 Y全长cDNA ;PCR扩增其胞外段 ,克隆到原核表达载体pGEX 2T ,转化DH5a菌 ,诱导表达 ;亲和层析纯化 ;凝血酶酶切、GST活性及N端蛋白测序鉴定 ;免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体 .所得MUC1 YcDNA的开放读框为 759bp ,登录于GenBank(AF12 552 5) .其信号肽编码序列缺失 9bp ,第 3 3 1位发生G A转换 ,造成缬氨酸突变为蛋氨酸 .表达获得约 4 0kD融合蛋白GST Yex ,占菌体总蛋白 2 5%～ 3 0 % ,其中 70 %～ 80 %为可溶性 ,经亲和层析一步纯化 ,纯度 >90 % ,GST比活性为 0 2 1U μg .凝血酶酶切后的N端蛋白序列测定表明与已知序列完全一致 ,抗血清ELISA效价为 1∶2 50 0 0 0 .结果表明 ,克隆到发生碱基缺失和突变的MUC1 Y全长cDNA ,获得MUC1 Y胞外段蛋白及其多抗 ,可进一步用于相关研究 .     

Nesprin2在小鼠睾丸各级生精细胞中的表达及其原核表达与纯化

目的:研究Nesprin2在小鼠睾丸各级生精细胞中的表达变化,并对Nesprin2进行原核表达和纯化,为进一步研究该蛋白在精子发生中的作用奠定基础。方法:制备小鼠睾丸细胞涂片,用Nesprin2特异性抗体进行细胞免疫荧光染色,观察Nesprin2在各级生精细胞中的表达;应用RT-PCR技术扩增Nesprin2 C端包含KASH domain的编码85个氨基酸的目的片段,将PCR产物插入到PUCm-T载体中测序,将测序验证后的目的片段亚克隆至原核表达载体PGEX-4T-1中,转化大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达。对GST-Nesprin2 C85融合蛋白进行纯化,Western blot进行验证。结果:免疫荧光检测结果发现,Nesprin2在小鼠睾丸各级生精细胞中均有表达,主要分布在核膜及其周围,在减数分裂过程中Nesprin2可能参与核膜重塑。构建了PGEX-4T-1-Nesprin2 C85重组质粒,经IPTG诱导后成功表达了GST-Nesprin2 C85融合蛋白。对GST-Nesprin2 C85融合蛋白进行纯化后,Western blot进行检测,结果发现,原核诱导表达的融合蛋白为GST-Nesprin2 C85融合蛋白。结论:Nesprin2在小鼠各级生精细胞中均有表达,在减数分裂过程中可能参与核膜的重塑。     

An alternative use of basic pGEX vectors for producing both N- and C-terminal fusion proteins for production and affinity purification of antibodies

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins are widely used in protein production for pure immunogens, protein-protein, and DNA-protein interaction studies. Using basic pGEX vectors, foreign DNA is introduced to the C-terminus of the GST gene and the produced fusion proteins are C-terminally orientated. However, because the orientation of foreign polypeptides may have a very important role in the correct folding of the produced polypeptides, N-terminal fusion proteins are needed to express especially the N-terminus of the foreign polypeptide. Here, we introduce a novel use of the basic pGEX vectors for the production of N-terminal fusion proteins. In this procedure, PCR generated DNA fragments were cloned into the N-terminus of the GST gene in a unique EcoNI site located down-stream of the ATG initiation codon. The N-terminal fusion proteins were expressed in high quantities, easily solubilized, and affinity purified using our modification of current purification protocols. We also introduce here a new modification of the affinity purification of antibodies using covalently crosslinked GST and fusion proteins to glutathione-agarose beads. Our procedure was tested successfully for producing antibodies against both N- and C-terminus of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor.     

汉滩病毒核蛋白的分段表达及抗原表位分析

在大肠杆菌中对汉滩病毒Ｓ基因４种不同长度片段的重组表达质粒进行诱导表达。结果表明表达的４种ＧＳＴ－ＮＰ融合蛋白均以不溶性包含体形式存在于茵体细胞内,表达量分别占菌体蛋白总量的２９－３６％,分子量分别约为７２ｋＤ、６６ｋＤ、５４ｋＤ和４４ｋＤＤ。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ显示５４ｋＤ和７２ｋＤ融合蛋白用酶标记汉滩病毒ＮＰＭｃＡｂｌＡ８和抗ＧＳＴ ＭｃＡｂ ３Ｃ１１染色呈阳反应。６６ｋＤ和４４ｋＤ融合蛋     

Development of a full‐length human protein production pipeline

There are many proteomic applications that require large collections of purified protein, but parallel production of large numbers of different proteins remains a very challenging task. To help meet the needs of the scientific community, we have developed a human protein production pipeline. Using high‐throughput (HT) methods, we transferred the genes of 31 full‐length proteins into three expression vectors, and expressed the collection as N‐terminal HaloTag fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and two commercial cell‐free (CF) systems, wheat germ extract (WGE) and HeLa cell extract (HCE). Expression was assessed by labeling the fusion proteins specifically and covalently with a fluorescent HaloTag ligand and detecting its fluorescence on a LabChip^® GX microfluidic capillary gel electrophoresis instrument. This automated, HT assay provided both qualitative and quantitative assessment of recombinant protein. E. coli was only capable of expressing 20% of the test collection in the supernatant fraction with ≥20 μg yields, whereas CF systems had ≥83% success rates. We purified expressed proteins using an automated HaloTag purification method. We purified 20, 33, and 42% of the test collection from E. coli, WGE, and HCE, respectively, with yields ≥1 μg and ≥90% purity. Based on these observations, we have developed a triage strategy for producing full‐length human proteins in these three expression systems.