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《生理学报》2010,(6)
近来的研究表明,神经炎症在帕金森病(Parkinson’sdisease,PD)的发病过程中起着重要的作用,因此通过抑制神经炎症而保护黑质多巴胺能神经元可能是一种具有潜力的治疗策略。本研究组前期的临床试验表明,灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum,GL)具有潜在的神经保护作用,可能通过抗炎及免疫调节机制发挥其保护作用。本研究在神经元-小胶质细胞共培养的模型中观察了GL的神经保护作用,并探讨其可能的保护机制。小胶质细胞单独或与MES23.5多巴胺能神经细胞共培养,脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS,0.25μg/mL)孵育24h作为阳性对照,试验组分别加入GL提取物(50~400μg/mL)和/或MPP+处理的MES23.5细胞膜碎片(150μg/mL);检测小胶质细胞激活情况及其产生的有害因子和MES23.5细胞[3H]DA摄取能力。结果显示,LPS或MPP+损伤的MES23.5膜碎片均可激活小胶质细胞。同时,GL提取物可以显著降低小胶质细胞源性炎症因子和细胞毒性因子(NO、TNF-α、L-1β)的产生,并呈一定的浓度依赖性;并同样可以下调TNF-α和L-1β mRNA水平的表达。此外,GL还可明显对抗由小胶质细胞激活和MPP+介导的多巴胺能神经细胞[3H]DA摄取抑制。以上结果提示,GL主要通过抑制小胶质细胞激活,减少其神经毒性因子的释放而保护多巴胺能神经细胞。GL可能成为治疗PD的潜在药物。 相似文献
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针灸是祖国传统医学中古老而又重要的组成部分,作为一种非药物疗法,它在世界范围内已被广泛应用于多种疾病的治疗,并获得了世界卫生组织的推荐。越来越多的临床和实验证据表明,针刺可以通过调节神经炎症,改善认知。炎症是多种神经退行性疾病共有的病理反应,如胶质细胞激活、炎症因子的增加与释放。目前,针灸抗炎领域已积累了大量工作。为探讨针灸在痴呆中改善神经炎症的作用,本综述以阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)、脑血管痴呆(vascular dementia, VD)、帕金森氏症(Parkinson’s disease, PD)为重点,讨论针刺在胶质细胞激活中的作用机制。研究发现,分布在14条经络上,集中在头部和四肢远端的穴位与胶质细胞激活调节关系密切,针刺可以通过抑制小胶质细胞的激活,改善神经炎症反应。在AD、VD、PD等脑病中,本文展望,由TLRs/NF-κB、MAPKs等关键通路介导,抑制M1型小胶质细胞激活途径,可能是针刺调节神经炎症反应,改善认知的关键机制之一。 相似文献
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《生理学报》2016,(4)
越来越多的证据表明胶质细胞在中枢神经系统发育、神经元的存活、神经修复与再生、突触传递及免疫炎症等方面均具有重要的功能。近年来,胶质细胞在帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)中的作用受到越来越多的关注。大量的研究证实,中脑黑质(substantia nigra,SN)部位铁聚积参与了PD多巴胺(dopamine,DA)神经元的死亡。目前PD铁沉积的研究主要集中在DA神经元,但实际上脑内胶质细胞在中枢神经系统铁稳态调节中发挥着重要的作用。因此,本文综述了胶质细胞铁代谢及其参与DA神经元铁聚积及死亡的作用机制,为揭示PD患者SN部位铁聚积的机制以及发现潜在的治疗靶点提供理论依据。 相似文献
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小胶质细胞控制着中枢神经系统主要的免疫功能,在各种精神疾病中发挥重要作用.某些信号通路的激活引发的神经炎症与抑郁症的发生有着密切的关系.小胶质细胞是神经炎症的主要介导者,不同的刺激促进小胶质细胞极化,不同极化类型的小胶质细胞能分泌多种炎性细胞因子,在神经炎症调节中具有重要的作用.临床研究和体内外实验研究表明,抑郁症与小... 相似文献
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《中国实验动物学报》2017,(4)
神经退行性疾病严重威胁着人们的健康。炎症在神经退行性疾病的发生与发展中始终扮演着重要角色,其主要特征是小胶质细胞的激活和炎性因子的水平升高。本文综述了神经炎症与多种退行性疾病的关系和体内外模型,并结合中医对"脑病"的认识,总结多种中药提取物及其单体化合物阻止小胶质细胞活化、抑制神经炎症的药理作用和机制,为逐步揭示中医治疗脑病"证-方-药"的相关规律、特征,提高临床用药的准确性和开发防治脑病的新药物提供基础。 相似文献
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环氧合酶在神经变性疾病神经元进行性损伤中起重要作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
环氧合酶(COX)是非甾体抗炎药的主要作用靶点.自从上世纪90年代初被发现至今,COX已被证实广泛参与炎性反应过程.小胶质细胞是介导"神经炎性反应"的主要细胞类型,过去十年中,COX通路参与小胶质细胞激活及神经变性过程的机制取得了很大进展.本文对该领域的新近研究成果予以论述,并以三大神经变性疾病,即阿尔采末病(AD)、帕金森病(PD)和肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)为例,对COX在其发病中的作用加以阐释,突出该领域的研究热点,为神经变性疾病发病机制及药物治疗研究提供新的思路. 相似文献
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神经炎症与神经退行性疾病的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近十多年来的研究表明,在神经退行性疾病的发生与发展中,脑内始终存在着以胶质细胞激活为主要特征的炎症反应。神经炎症是把双刃剑,一方面,它诱发或加重神经系统的退行性病变;另一方面,它在某些特定情况下有利于神经系统损伤的修复。激活的胶质细胞通过释放致炎细胞因子和活性氧自由基等分子介导神经炎症所致的神经元退行性病变,而由调节性T细胞产生的抗炎细胞因子及由神经元释放的抗炎神经肽能保护神经元抵抗神经炎症,从而减缓或减轻神经退行性疾病的进程。 相似文献
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百草枯和代森锰所致帕金森病小鼠黑质GFAP的表达变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:研究联合应用百草枯(Paraquat,PQ)和代森锰(Maneb,MB)对帕金森病(Parkinson′s disease,PD)小鼠脑黑质神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白质(Glial fibrillary acldic protein,GFAP)的表达变化。方法:PQ/MB建立C57BL/6J小鼠PD模型,利用免疫组化方法观察不同时间点小鼠黑质区酪氨酸羟化酶(Tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)和GFAP表达变化及相互关系。结果:模型组黑质致密部(Substantial nigra pars compacta,SNpc)区残留的TH阳性神经元呈进行性下降趋势,显著低于对照组的相应时间点(P<0.01),黑质区星形胶质细胞反应性增多并呈现明显活化状态。结论:PO/MB能诱导小鼠产生渐进性且不可逆的PD样改变,星形胶质细胞可能参与多巴胺能神经元的病理损伤过程。 相似文献
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细胞衰老是一个体内平衡的生物过程,在推动机体衰老过程中起着关键作用。衰老细胞在神经系统中随着衰老和神经退行性疾病而积累,并且可能使人易患神经退行性疾病或加重其病程。帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)是一种与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病。运动可通过提高衰老过程中脑细胞自噬水平,增强神经免疫信号分子以及脑内脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)的表达有效预防或延缓脑细胞衰老甚至清除脑衰老细胞,维持脑健康。大量流行病学调查结果以及临床和基础研究证实,不同形式的运动锻炼/身体活动均可改善PD患者或者PD模型动物的症状或改善症状的发展。本文以脑衰老胶质细胞为切入点,充分阐明脑衰老胶质细胞在PD中的作用以及运动干预对PD脑衰老胶质细胞的影响,以便有效和安全地利用脑衰老胶质细胞作为潜在的治疗靶点,以期为运动干预减缓(和)或改善PD运动功能障碍的神经生物学机制研究提供新的思路,为探寻PD的非药物防治或辅助疗法提供理论基础。 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献