Protective Effects of Quercetin and Melatonin on Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Background: Medications to prevent the development of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers have a large range of unpleasant side effects. Recent efforts have been focused on determining safer alternative nontoxic and natural forms of anti-ulcer treatments. Methods:Twenty-four male rats were divided into 4 groups: 1: control group that received no treatment; 2: the ndomethacin-treated group that received 20 mg/kg of indomethacin for 2 days to induce the development of gastric ulcers; 3: quercetin-treated group that in addition to the indomethacin treatment, received 50 mg/kg of quercetin 6 hours after and then daily for 14 days and; 4: the melatonin-treated group which received 20 mg/kg of melatonin 6 hours after each indomethacin treatment and then daily for 14 days. All drugs were administered orally. The following parameters were assessed in each group: mean ulcer index of gastric tissue, gastric acid volume and pH, oxidative stress markers: malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), inflammatory markers: PGE-2, TNF-α, and IL-10, nitric oxide (NO) levels and the relative gene expression of BAX, BCL-2 and COX-2 by real time PCR.Results:Our findings revealed that the indomethacin-treated group had a significantly increased (p< 0.05) ulcer index, gastric acid volume, and elevated levels of stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers compared to controls. In the groups that received quercetin or melatonin, these factors were all significantly decreased (p< 0.05). Between quercetin and melatonin, there was no significant difference in their gastroprotective effect. Conclusion:Both quercetin and melatonin had protective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activity against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers.Key Words: Gastric ulcer, Indomethacin, Melatonin, Quercetin     

川木香对实验性胃溃疡形成的抑制作用研究

目的:研究川木香对实验性胃溃疡形成的抑制作用.方法:采用利血平型小鼠胃溃疡模型、醋酸型大鼠胃溃疡模型,以雷尼替丁为对照药物,观察动物溃疡指数和溃疡抑制率.结果:川木香单体提取物(去氢木香内酯)、醋酸乙酯提取物、乙醇提取物,抑制利血平型溃疡存在统计学差异(与模型对照组比较,P＜0.01);醋酸乙酯提取物,抑制醋酸型溃疡存在统计学差异(与模型对照组比较,P＜0.05),其中高剂量组作用存在统计学差异(与模型对照组比较,P＜0.01).结论:川木香具有抑制实验性胃溃疡的形成作用,醋酸乙酯提取物可以作为川木香抑制胃溃疡形成的有效部位.     

依达拉奉对大鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的保护作用

目的:研究依达拉奉对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis,EAE)的影响。方法:72只健康成年雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为:正常对照组、EAE组、EAE+小剂量依达拉奉组、EAE+大剂量依达拉奉组(n=18)。正常对照组注射生理盐水,其它组采用自制完全抗原诱导EAE模型。EAE组建模后不做任何处理,EAE+小剂量依达拉奉组、EAE+大剂量依达拉奉组分别在建模后给予依达拉奉4mg/k·d、10mg/k·d。比较各组发病率并行神经功能评分,取脊髓组织行HE染色、iNOS、OPN免疫组织化学染色观察。结果:依达拉奉干预组大鼠较EAE组发病率、神经功能缺损评分均明显降低(P<0.05)。HE结果显示依达拉奉干预组较EAE组炎症反应减少,损伤程度减轻。依达拉奉组iNOS、OPN表达均明显小于EAE组(P<0.05)。大剂量依达拉奉iNOS、OPN表达均低于小剂量依达拉奉组(P<0.05)。结论:依达拉奉对EAE具有保护作用,可能与抑制小神经胶质细胞活化,减轻炎症反应,降低iNOS和OPN表达有关。     

依达拉奉对大鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的保护作用

目的：研究依达拉奉对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis,EAE）的影响。方法：72只健康成年雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为：正常对照组、EAE组、EAE＋小剂量依达拉奉组、EAE＋大剂量依达拉奉组（n=18）。正常对照组注射生理盐水,其它组采用自制完全抗原诱导EAE模型。EAE组建模后不做任何处理,EAE＋小剂量依达拉奉组、EAE＋大剂量依达拉奉组分别在建模后给予依达拉奉4mg/k·d、10mg/k·d。比较各组发病率并行神经功能评分,取脊髓组织行HE染色、iNOS、OPN免疫组织化学染色观察。结果：依达拉奉干预组大鼠较EAE组发病率、神经功能缺损评分均明显降低（P〈0.05）。HE结果显示依达拉奉干预组较EAE组炎症反应减少,损伤程度减轻。依达拉奉组iNOS、OPN表达均明显小于EAE组（P〈0.05）。大剂量依达拉奉iNOS、OPN表达均低于小剂量依达拉奉组（P〈0.05）。结论：依达拉奉对EAE具有保护作用,可能与抑制小神经胶质细胞活化,减轻炎症反应,降低iNOS和OPN表达有关。     

吸氧预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨吸氧预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法通过大鼠局灶脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,采用SOD、MDA测定、电镜及神经行为学检查的方法,观察吸氧预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后SOD、MDA、神经行为学评分及脑组织病理变化。结果吸氧预处理组SOD活力高于对照组(P<0.05),MDA含量、神经行为学评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),脑组织超微结构损伤均减轻。结论吸氧预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用。     

Diagnosis of Superficial or Very Small Gastric Ulcers

Thirteen superficial or very small gastric cancers are described, 10 of which were diagnosed preoperatively. Five patients presented with gastric ulcer, five with radiological deformities of uncertain nature and two with polypoid lesions; one cancer was an incidental finding at emergency operation. Two of the patients had a family history of gastric cancer, two had pernicious anemia and three were born in countries where gastric cancer is common. Gastric cytology was positive in eight of the nine patients examined. A follow-up study of patients investigated for stomach cancer three to five years previously suggests that suspected gastric cancer is seldom missed for long periods if the diagnostic workup is thorough.     

黄芪多糖对大鼠口腔溃疡治疗作用研究

本研究旨在探讨黄芪多糖对患有口腔溃疡大鼠(recurrent aphthous ulcer,RAU)的表皮细胞生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)水平及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。根据溃疡面的直径计算愈合率及HE染色观察溃疡组织病理学改变,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定EGF的水平,流式细胞仪检测大鼠外周血CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞亚群的百分率。实验结果显示治疗20 d后,黄芪多糖组大鼠溃疡面积减小,愈合率为87.5%～100%。与正常对照组相比,模型对照组大鼠CD4+T细胞数减少、CD8+T细胞数升高,CD4+/CD8+比值降低(P<0.05)。与模型对照组相比,黄芪多糖组大鼠外周血CD4+T细胞数升高、CD8+T细胞数降低,CD4+/CD8+比值回升(P<0.05)。EGF水平在造模后出现明显下降,黄芪多糖灌胃治疗后有升高。提示黄芪多糖能够提高RAU实验性大鼠EGF的水平和改善T细胞亚群的失衡状态,具有明显地促进口腔溃疡愈合的作用。     

Comparison of Protective Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Propolis against Gastric Ulceration in Rats

This study focused on the protective effects of different types of propolis extracts on gastric mucosa in indomethacin-induced rats. The animals were divided into nine groups: control, negative control (ulcer), positive control (omeprazole), and experimental groups, which were summarized by 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg, bw for aqueous-based and ethanol, respectively. According to the histopathological evaluation, more than others, the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg of aqueous-based propolis extracts had different degrees of positive effects on the gastric mucosa. Generally, the biochemical analyses of the gastric tissue showed a correlation with microscopic evaluations. According to the phenolic profile analysis, while pinocembrin (684.34±1.70 μg/ml) and chrysin (540.54±9.06 μg/ml) were the most abundant phenolics in the ethanolic extract, ferulic acid (53.77±0.07 μg/ml) and p-coumaric acid (52.61±0.42 μg/ml) dominated the aqueous-based extract. Also, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract showed almost nine-fold superiority compared to the aqueous-based extracts. Based on data from preclinical data, it was decided that the best doses for the main goal of the study were 200 mg and 400 mg/kg, bw for aqueous-based propolis extract.     

心梗大鼠离体心脏的动作电位和不应期电生理研究

目的对比观察正常大鼠和心梗大鼠离体心脏动作电位和有效不应期的特点。方法用离体灌流吸附电极记录单向动作电位,常规电生理方法测量最大动作电位幅度(APA)、复极90%(MAP90)、复极50%(MAP50)、复极20%(MAP20)、有效不应期(ERP)。结果(1)和正常大鼠相比,心梗大鼠离体心脏左心房电生理参数MAP90(56.3±2.7vs.64.5±8.7,P<0.05)显著延长,ERP MAP90(0.89±0.2vs.0.78±0.3,P<0.05)减小,基础周期为250ms;右心室的电生理参数MAP90(67.6±14.1vs.134.1±26.7,P<0.001),ERP(55.0±3.53vs.69.0±8.9,P<0.05)明显延长,ERP MAP90(0.79±0.1vs.0.60±0.1,P<0.05)减小,基础周期为250ms;左心室的电生理参数MAP90(87.2±15.7vs.168.8±31.2,P<0.001)也呈显著延长,ERP(59.0±4.2vs.90.0±17.7,P<0.001),ERP MAP90(0.65±0.081vs.0.54±0.090,P<0.05)呈显著减小基础周期为250ms;(2)与正常大鼠相比,心梗大鼠的MAP90离散度[(LVMAP90-RVMAP90)(17.0±6.5vs.51.4±28.7,P<0.001)]、ERP离散度[(LVERP-RVERP)(4.0±2.2vs.20.0±7.9)P<0.001]显著增加,基础周期为250ms。结论心梗大鼠心脏不同部位的MAP的复极时间都显著性延长,MAP90和ERP离散度增加,这些电生理特点是促进折返形成、造成心律失常的主要原因。     

The Influence of Adenosine Receptor Antagonists Ahinophylline (AMP) and Caffeine (CAF) on Seizure Protective Ability of Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) in Rats

Abstract

The acute effects of AMP and CAF on seizure protectivity of AEDs were examined against electro and chemo shock convulsions in rats. The results support the claim that adenosine receptors may be involved in action of some AEDs.