南方果树在园林绿化中的应用

通过对我国南方果树的种类、特点及园林绿化应用特性进行初步调查研究,从应用种类、范围和方式等方面对其在园林绿化中的应用进行探讨。     

南京堇菜属植物资源及其园林应用前景分析

通过对南京市堇菜属植物资源进行调查与分析,介绍了南京市堇菜属植物资源的种类、分布及观赏特性,阐述了堇菜属植物在园林绿化中的观赏应用价值,认为其在南京园林绿化中具有很大的开发应用前景。     

观赏藤本红花西番莲的引种及园林应用(简报)

本文描述观赏藤本植物红花西番莲的形态特征,简要介绍其繁殖和栽培管理技术要点以及在园林绿化中的应用。     

厦门常见观赏竹在园林造景中的应用

在对厦门岛内外公园、绿地竹类植物调查的基础上,选择常见观赏竹31种,分析其观赏特性,并阐述其在现代园林绿化中的应用。     

粉花腊肠树的引种及园林应用(简报)

描述福建厦门市近年引种的粉花腊肠树的形态特征,介绍其繁殖和栽培管理技术要点以及在园林绿化中的应用。     

观赏藤本植物蛇藤的引种栽培及园林应用(简报)

本文描述了新近引种的观赏藤本植物蛇藤的形态特征,简要介绍其繁殖和栽培管理技术要点以及在园林绿化中的应用。     

厦门地区观赏地被植物资源及其园林应用

较全面地报道厦门地区观赏地被植物62科129属166种(包括变种或品种),并探讨其在园林绿化中的应用。     

几种优良药用观赏地被植物及其应用

主要介绍几种优良药用观赏地被植物的形态特征、生活习性、药用价值及其在园林绿化中的应用,为园林绿化部门提供参考。     

蜀冈-瘦西湖风景区观赏蕨类资源

初步调查蜀冈—瘦西湖风景区的观赏蕨类植物约11科12属13种,描述其基本特性、分布和用途,并对其栽培和园林绿化应用进行了探讨。     

论园林绿化中花卉应用注意事项

本文主要介绍花卉在园林绿化美化建设中应用的主要要求及注意事项。     

Source-sink landscape theory and its ecological significance

Exploring the relatiouships between landscape pattern and ecological processes is the key topic of landscape ecology,for which,a large number of indices as well as landscape pattern analysis model were developed.However,one problem faced by landscape ecologists is that it is hard to link the landscape indices with a specific ecological process.Linking landscape pattern and ecological processes has become a challenge for landscape ecologists."Source" and "sink" are common concepts used in air pollution research,by which the movement direction and pattern of different pollutants in air can be clearly identified.In fact,for any ecological process,the research can be considered as a balance between the source and the sink in space.Thus,the concepts of "source" and "sink" could be implemented to the research of landscape pattern and ecological processes.In this paper,a theory of sourcesink landscape was proposed,which include:(1) In the research of landscape pattern and ecological process,all landscape types can be divided into two groups,"source"landscape and "sink" landscape."Source" landscape contributes positively to the ecological process,while "sink" landscape is unhelpful to the ecological process.(2) Both landscapes are recognized with regard to the specific ecological process."Source" landscape in a target ecological process may change into a "sink"landscape as in another ecological process.Therefore,the ecological process should be determined before "source"or "sink" landscape were defined.(3) The key point to distinguish "source" landscape from "sink" landscape is to quantify the effect of landscape on ecological process.The positive effect is made by "source" landscape,and the negative effect by "sink" landscape.(4) For the same ecological process,the contribution of "source" landscapes may vary,and it is the same to the "sink"landscapes.It is required to determine the weight of each landscape type on ecological processes.(5) The sourcesink principle can be applied to non-point source pollution control,biologic diversity protection,urban heat island effect mitigation,etc.However,the landscape evaluation models need to be calibrated respectively,because different ecological processes correspond with different source-sink landscapes and evaluation models for the different study areas.This theory is helpful to further study landscape pattern and ecological process,and offers a basis for new landscape index design.     

景观服务及其空间流动：连接风景园林与人类福祉的纽带

风景园林空间及其功能是人类福祉的基本来源,而人类福祉需求则是风景园林可持续发展的基本驱动力。厘清风景园林与人类福祉的关系对风景园林创建美好生活具有重要意义。从服务角度强调风景园林对人类福祉的贡献,梳理风景园林提供的景观服务类型,分析景观服务的空间流动过程、类型及其机制,从而揭示出景观服务在哪里产生、流向哪里、实际在哪里被使用等过程。基于景观服务及其空间流动特征,提出基于景观服务供需平衡的风景园林空间管理框架,以期为满足人类福祉需求的风景园林空间布局和管理决策提供新思路。     

景观生态学的核心:生态学系统的时空异质性

1　景观生态学与景观异质性景观生态学是研究在一个相当大的区域内 ,由许多不同生态系统所组成的整体 (即景观 )的空间结构、相互作用、协调功能以及动态变化的生态学新分支[1 ] 。它的出现促进了空间关系模型和理论、空间格局与动态的数据类型的获取以及经典生态学很少涉及的空间尺度检测等方面的发展[2 ] 。Ｒｉｓｓｅｒ等认为景观生态学研究就是异质性的研究[3] 。其实 ,“景观”本身就具有“变化的异质性整体”的含义[4] 。景观生态学集中关注于对生态系统空间关系的研究 ,它把景观视为空间上镶嵌出现和紧密联系的生态系统组合 ,景观可…     

环境解说在景观规划设计中的作用与意义

在欧美、日本等国家及中国港台地区,环境解说已成为景观规划设计中的重要内容,如今,环境解说也已经引起了中国内地风景园林学界、业界的关注,但从对环境解说重要性的认知到规划、设计实践能力来看,环境解说还仅是中国景观规划设计表达中的一种“新语言”。从环境解说在景观规划设计中的重要性入手,结合实际案例阐述环境解说之于景观规划设计的重要性：环境解说系统能够使游客的景观理解更加深刻、丰富;对于保护地和国家公园、郊野公园等自然公园的规划设计,环境解说更是体现公园特色和个性的核心工作内容;按照传统风景观来看湿地等缺乏景观变化性、丰富性的自然空间,环境解说甚至可以成为公园游赏系统规划时的主要线索;环境解说具有辅助游客行为管理、提效资源环境保护的功能;优质的环境解说规划设计可以提升景观美感水平。     

景观性格评价在国土空间规划和管控中的应用

自然特征、景观格局、自然与人文资源和现有开发导向等因素,共同决定了景观空间内部不同的本底特征,即景观性格。通过对多类型资源的叠加,生成对区域空间景观性格的综合评价结果,一方面可以作为国土空间用途管制所涉及问题的评价依据,另一方面可以具体指导国土空间风貌控制问题,从而弥补现有国土空间规划编制过程对景观资源禀赋及本底特色的忽视。对现有景观性格评价方法进行了梳理,基于此构建景观性格评价在国土空间规划中应用的过程步骤,并以黑龙江省伊春市为例进行景观性格评价实践,形成景观性格分区、景观性格分级及景观性格描述等成果,指导伊春市国土空间规划风貌控制、功能区划分及发展定位。景观性格评价有利于发掘利用空间自身优势,与现有国土空间规划评估体系形成互补,共同指导规划的编制过程。     

深圳市景观格局演变及其驱动因素分析

在遥感与GIS技术支持下,以深圳市域1978年MSS影像与1986、1990、1995和1999年4期TM影像为主要数据源。研究了深圳市域景观的空间格局特征及其动态变化。探讨了不同尺度下景观格局演变的驱动因素与变化机制．结果表明,深圳市近20年景观特征发生了深刻变化,耕地面积比例由31．06％下降至2．67％,城建用地则由0．33％上升至22．52％．景观多样性指数1978～1995年上升近25％,1999年稍有下降;蔓延度指数先降后升,整体破碎度由0．0042上升到0．0073;景观修改分维数1990年以前有所下降,20世纪90年代则呈现递增趋势．景观格局指数的变化,反映了人为活动对区域景观特征的深刻影响．人为活动已成为深圳市景观格局演变的主要驱动因素．其中,斑块形状复杂化主要是受个体经济单元的经济利益驱动,景观空间构型的变化取决于产业布局与地域分工的影响,景观整体多样性的演变受到社会经济发展水平的强烈影响,而自然生态条件则是景观整体结构变化的重要约柬因子。     

黄土高原景观格局与水土流失关系研究

采用DCCA排序法对黄土高原腹地泾河流域12个子流域的景观格局与流域水土流失关系进行了定量分析.结果表明,DCCA排序的前4轴分别与农业用地比率、景观多样性指数、森林比率显著相关.各子流域的水土流失特征具有明显的梯度变异.在森林比率占65%的三水河子流域,景观相对简单、多样性低,流域年径流量大、输沙小、含沙量低,径流相对稳定;随着森林比率减小,农业用地比率增大,景观多样性升高,产流系数增高,径流深度、输沙量和含沙量增大;在森林比率很低、农业用地53.41%的洪河子流域,景观格局复杂、多样性较高,河流含沙量高、输沙率大,月输沙和径流变异极大;在农业用地比率减小,其他景观类型比率增大,景观相对简单的环江上、下游子流域,输沙量和含沙量减小,但输沙和径流的年际变化极大.排序分析结果较清晰地解释了黄土高原典型地区水土流失特征沿景观梯度的变化规律.     

景观生态学在海岸带地区的研究进展

海岸带是景观生态学研究的重要领域,并且取得了长足的发展。系统剖析景观生态学在海岸带陆地土地利用变化的景观格局分析与优化、滨海湿地景观格局破碎化及其生态效应、海岛开发和保护的景观规划与设计、近岸海域空间开发的景观格局分析与评价、海洋环境过程与空间格局的相互作用关系等领域研究取得的成绩及其存在的主要问题。在此基础上,结合我国生态文明建设要求,探讨了景观生态学在海洋生态文明建设中的研究尺度匹配、格局-过程耦合理论引导、景观格局指数量化考核方面的学科优势。景观生态学可以在围填海平面设计与规划研究、海岸带生态修复与景观建设、海洋保护区选划与管理、海岛开发与保护、海陆统筹下的海岸带综合管理等方面开拓应用发展领域,助力海洋生态文明建设,承担建设海洋强国、美丽海洋的新使命。同时也为景观生态学在近岸海洋资源环境中的应用、近岸海洋景观生态学的发展梳理框架与思路。     

Source-sink landscape theory and its ecological significance

Exploring the relationships between landscape pattern and ecological processes is the key topic of landscape ecology, for which, a large number of indices as well as landscape pattern analysis model were developed. However, one problem faced by landscape ecologists is that it is hard to link the landscape indices with a specific ecological process. Linking landscape pattern and ecological processes has become a challenge for landscape ecologists. “Source” and “sink” are common concepts used in air pollution research, by which the movement direction and pattern of different pollutants in air can be clearly identified. In fact, for any ecological process, the research can be considered as a balance between the source and the sink in space. Thus, the concepts of “source” and “sink” could be implemented to the research of landscape pattern and ecological processes. In this paper, a theory of sourcesink landscape was proposed, which include: (1) In the research of landscape pattern and ecological process, all landscape types can be divided into two groups, “source” landscape and “sink” landscape. “Source” landscape contributes positively to the ecological process, while “sink” landscape is unhelpful to the ecological process. (2) Both landscapes are recognized with regard to the specific ecological process. “Source” landscape in a target ecological process may change into a “sink” landscape as in another ecological process. Therefore, the ecological process should be determined before “source” or “sink” landscape were defined. (3) The key point to distinguish “source” landscape from “sink” landscape is to quantify the effect of landscape on ecological process. The positive effect is made by “source” landscape, and the negative effect by “sink” landscape. (4) For the same ecological process, the contribution of “source” landscapes may vary, and it is the same to the “sink” landscapes. It is required to determine the weight of each landscape type on ecological processes. (5) The sourcesink principle can be applied to non-point source pollution control, biologic diversity protection, urban heat island effect mitigation, etc. However, the landscape evaluation models need to be calibrated respectively, because different ecological processes correspond with different source-sink landscapes and evaluation models for the different study areas. This theory is helpful to further study landscape pattern and ecological process, and offers a basis for new landscape index design. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(5): 1444–1449 [译自: 生态学报]     

贵阳市景观类型与人口密度相关分析

以CBERS-1为数据源,获取贵阳市景观数据,通过简单相关和偏相关分析,从定量角度阐明人口密度和景观类型之间的相关关系和相关程度。结果表明,简单相关分析和偏相关分析的差别很小,不能影响变量之间的相关关系;相关分析中,只有居民点及建设景观与人口密度为正相关,且相关关系不显著,其他均为负相关,其中农田景观、林地景观、草地景观为显著相关,石漠化景观相关性不显著,水域景观和园地景观可视为无相关性;人类活动对自然界景观格局的影响虽然广泛而深刻,但以人类干扰景观为主,人口密度对景观格局不存在决定性的作用。