基于主成分分析法探讨人体测量学参数与青少年血糖关系的研究

目的:调查分析人体测量学参数包括体重指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、臀围(HC)、腰围/臀围比(WHR)及腰围/身高比(WHtR)对南昌地区青少年空腹血糖的影响。方法:在南昌地区进行随机抽样检查731例12-18岁之间的青少年,测量身高、体重、BMI、WC、HC、WHR、WHtR和空腹血糖,用SAS软件进行统计分析。结果:男女性的五项人体测量学指标和空腹血糖间均呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.14-0.38;通过主成分分析得到四个主成分,多重回归分析结果表明联合四个主成分比单独使用其中任何一个更能解释空腹血糖的变异。结论:BMI、WC、HC、WHR、WHtR与男性和女性空腹血糖都有一定相关性,并且联合这五项测量学指标比单独使用其中任何一个能更精确预测空腹血糖。     

冠心病患者人体成分的测定与回顾性分析

目的:探讨肥胖与冠心病的相关性.方法:随机整样选取体检人员中175例男性冠心病患者(冠心痛组)及175例健康男性(对照组),应用生理电阻抗分析(bioelectrical impedance analysis,BIA)进行人体成分测定,并对测定结果进行统计分析.结果:(1)冠心病组与对照组的人体成份组成比较,体脂肪(BF)、体脂百分数(BF%)、腰臀脂肪比(WHR)在冠心病组明显升高(P＜0.05),下肢非脂肪物质(LBM)明显下降(P＜0.05);(2)以BF%作为标准,冠心病组的肥胖率明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);(3)多因素逐步回归分析显示,冠心病与BF%、WHR、下肢LBM具有显著的回归效果,且WHR的偏回归系数最大.结论:肥胖是冠心病的危险因素之一,在冠心病的发病中起着重要作用.冠心痛与肥胖,特别是中央型肥胖关系密切.     

天津籍汉族大学生的人体组成成分研究

通过对天津籍汉族大学生身体成分的研究,对天津籍汉族大学生的肥胖程度有直观的科学评价,为天津市汉族大学生的营养平衡、身体锻炼、体质发育提供科学参考。测量了天津籍汉族大学生22项身体成分指标,除体脂肪率、皮下脂肪含量、浮肿指数之外,其他体成分指标男性均高于女性。男性浮肿指数与年龄存在着显著的正相关。女性腰围、臀围、基础代谢和总能量代谢与年龄存在着显著的负相关。根据BMI指数男性体重正常占52.54%,而女性则为73.60%,体重正常率明显多于男性。结果表明:天津籍汉族大学生的肥胖度大都在正常范围内,但男性的肥胖度明显严重于女性,这是由生活习惯、饮食习惯和塑身观念造成的,应多关注天津籍男性汉族大学生的身体肥胖情况。     

新疆和田地区维吾尔族肥胖体表测量指标与Ⅱ型糖尿病关系的研究

目的:研究新疆和田地区维吾尔族Ⅱ型糖尿痛(T2DM)患者与正常人群体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)等体表测量指标的差异并探讨体重指数、腰臀比与T2DM的关系.方法:采用随机抽样的方法抽取符合实验条件的新疆和田地区维吾尔族常住居民,其中T2DM患者105名作为病例组,112名健康体检者作为对照组,开展问卷调查并进行体格检查及血糖检查.结果:T2DM患者的年龄、腰围、体重、身高、BMI、WHR,均明显高于对照组;T2DM组BMI1、BMI2、BMI3,WHR1、WHR2均明显高于对照组;BMI1、WHR1、WHR2组的T2DM患病率均明显高于时照组.结论:T2DM患者年龄、腰围、体重、身高、BMI、WHR可能均是T2DM的危险因素.     

健身气功八段锦对肥胖中年女性糖尿病患者相关指标的影响

目的：了解健身气功八段锦对肥胖中年女性糖尿病患者相关指标的影响,为糖尿病的干预治疗方案提供新的思路。方法：以40名中年女性肥胖糖尿病患者作为研究对象,年龄57.2±5.4岁,随机分为对照组和练功组（n=20）;练功组进行新编健身八段锦功法24周干预,每周锻炼6 d,每天90 min的练功;对照组不进行任何运动。观察2组患者试验前后体重、腰围、臀围、体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、甘油三脂（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和人血清视黄醛结合蛋白4（RBP4）等指标的水平变化。结果：练功组试验后其腰围、WHR、FPG、TG、HbAlc和血清RBP4水平与试验前及对照组试验后相比均明显下降（P<0.05）;练功组试验后HDL-C水平与试验前及对照组试验后相比与明显升高（P<0.05）。结论：长期的健身气功八段锦练习可降低肥胖女性糖尿病患者的血糖,对身体的部分肥胖和血脂指标有一定的改善效果。     

不同营养评价方法对住院患者营养状况评价的比较及意义

目的:分析比较身高标准体重法、体质指数法(BMI法)、体质指数校正法与生物电阻抗测量方法在住院患者营养评价中的意义。方法:随机抽取我院内科176名患者作为观察对象,用以上4种方法分别进行营养状况评价,测量结果采用单因素卡方分析法和Ridit分析比较。结果:用4种方法评价同一群体住院病人的营养状况时,其结果的差异有显著意义。结论:评判体脂和肥胖时应该首选能反映身体脂肪量及比例和身体内脂肪分布的腰臀比指标。标准体重法、BMI法和BMI校正法三种方法,在评价住院患者的营养状况时,最好能将腰臀比指标与其他指标共同使用。     

痤疮严重程度与影响因素分析及经非那雄胺片治疗后的临床观察

目的:通过对痤疮患者资料的回顾性分析,将痤疮与影响因素的关系进行总结,并对非那雄胺片治疗不同程度痤疮的疗效进行比较,为痤疮有效治疗奠定基础.方法:对166例痤疮患者进行性别、年龄、家族史、BMI、皮损分值与痤疮严重程度等资料的搜集,分析上述各因素与痤疮严重程度的关系,记录非那雄胺片对不同程度痤疮的疗效.结果:166例患者中女性140例(84.34％),男性26例(15.66％);年龄11～59岁;(平均25.19±8.07岁);4例(2.41％)为初次发病,162例(97.59％)既往有痤疮病史;随着年龄升高轻度痤疮患者的比例升高,中重度痤疮以16～25岁为主;BMI18.5～23.9组不同严重程度痤疮患者BMI差异显著(P＜0.05);痤疮Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度严重患者,无家族史的例数较多,而Ⅲ度严重患者有家族史的例数较多(P＜0.05);痤疮Ⅰ度严重组中,治疗4、12周及痤疮Ⅱ、Ⅲ度严重组治疗4、8、12周时的皮损综合分值与治疗前相比差异显著(P＜0.01),治疗后皮损综合分值明显减低;痤疮Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度严重组好转率分别为47.2％、62.9％、64.0％,三组好转程度无显著差异(P＞0.05).复发率分别为:16.7％、15.2％、4.0％,三组复发程度也无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:痤疮患者的初发年龄男性平均17岁,女性平均20岁,随着年龄增长痤疮以轻度为主;轻中度痤疮患者多不伴有家族史,而重度痤疮患者多有家族史;非那雄胺片可有效抑制不同严重程度的痤疮的复发,在治疗过程中,其对中重度痤疮的疗效优于轻度痤疮.     

成都地区中老年居民血清尿酸相关危险因素分析

目的:分析成都地区中老年居民血清尿酸水平及其影响因素,为防治心脑血管事件提供策略支持。方法:利用2007代谢综合征研究调查资料(共1061人),把人群依据血尿酸水平分为增高组(男性>420umol/L,女性>357umol/L)及正常组(男性≤420umol/L,女性≤357umol/L),分析两组人群的多个代谢性指标的分布特征,并采用logistic回归分析寻找与尿酸相关的危险因素。结果:①两个分组间年龄、收缩压、男性比重、高血压家族史、人体质量指数、腰围、臀围、空腹血糖、肾功能等指标尿酸增高组明显高于尿酸正常组,舒张压则是尿酸增高组明显低于尿酸正常组。②血脂各成分中,总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白水平尿酸增高组高于正常组,其余甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白分组间无统计学差异。③尿酸增高组其代谢综合征、高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、腹型肥胖、血脂异常等患病率皆高于尿酸正常组,差异有统计学意义。④Logistic回归分析提示尿酸与你男性性别、年龄、收缩压、BMI、腰围、臀围、空腹血糖、肌酐、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白水平呈正相关,与女性性别及舒张压呈负相关。结论:成都地区尿酸与代谢性指标及肾功能相关指标关系密切,可能可以通过减少尿酸来减少心脑血管疾病、代谢性疾病及肾脏疾病的发生。     

维吾尔族大学生身体成分与身体形态指标的关系

目的 了解维吾尔族大学生体成分及身体形态指标的关系,为维吾尔族大学生肥胖干预以及学生营养教育、科学参与体育锻炼提供理论依据.方法 随机抽取新疆师范大学14个班的在校维吾尔族大学生659名,采用人体成分分析仪及《国家学生体质健康标准》规定的项目和测试要求进行测试,比较不同体成分大学生间身体形态指标.结果 维吾尔族男女大学生肥胖组BMI指数均高于正常组,超重组的腰臀比均高于正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01);正常、超重、肥胖3组的上臂皮褶厚度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 维吾尔族大学生的脂肪主要堆积于腹部.应在控制高热量饮食的基础上进行科学的体育锻炼,加强营养知识的宣传和普及,倡导平衡膳食合理营养.     

代谢综合征患者肥胖和脂质代谢参数的特征及其诊断价值

目的:比较代谢综合征(MetS)患者不同肥胖和脂质代谢参数的特征和其对疾病的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月在我院就诊的MetS患者和健康体检者,比较其体重指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、腰高比(Waist-to-Height Ratio,WHt R)、甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(TG/HDL-C)、脂肪蓄积指数(Lipid accumulation product, LAP)和内脏脂肪指数(Visceral adiposity index,VAI)的差异及不同代谢因素分组患者上述参数差异。采用ROC曲线评价不同肥胖和脂质代谢参数对MetS的诊断价值。结果:与健康组相比,MetS组无论男性还是女性患者BMI、WC、WHt R、血压、FPG、TG、TG/HDL-C、LAP和VAI均明显升高,而HDL-C显著降低(P0.05)。随着MetS特征个数的增加,MetS组患者的BMI、WHt R、TG/HDL-C、LAP和VAI均呈现显著增加趋势(P0.05)。上述五个诊断MetS的ROC曲线中都是LAP的AUC最大,男性AUC为0.896,敏感度为0.75,特异度为0.84。女性LAP的AUC为0.874,最佳诊断切点为31.05,此时的敏感度为0.74,特异度为0.92。结论:LAP对代谢综合征的诊断效能最高,男性LAP大于26.36、女性LAP大于31.05有助于诊断代谢综合征患者。     

The role of body fat in female attractiveness

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of body fat percentage (BF%) on female attractiveness. To this end, a series of female body images were selected from a collection of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. Images were stratified by three levels (low, mid, and high) of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and seven levels (15%–50%) of BF%. These 21 images were presented in a random order and rated for attractiveness. Results indicate that WHR, BMI, and BF% are all significant predictors of female attractiveness when regressed separately (R²= 0.19, 0.70, and 0.76, respectively). When regressed simultaneously, all three variables accounted for 87% of the variance in image attractiveness, with only BF% and WHR being significant predictors. Further analysis revealed that body fat might disrupt the negative linear relationship between WHR and attractiveness. Men and women differed significantly in most categories of WHR and BF%, with men generally rating images as less attractive than women. These data indicate that BF% appears to be a strong cue for attractiveness and that the impact of WHR and BMI on attractiveness is dependent, in part, on BF%. The appearance of body fat may provide disruption in the visual cues of both shape and size of the female body, potentially impacting behavior.     

Relationship among Habitual Tea Consumption,Percent Body Fat,and Body Fat Distribution

Objective: To disclose the possible relationship between habitual tea consumption and changes in total body fat and fat distribution in humans. Research Methods and Procedures: A cross‐sectional survey of 1210 epidemiologically sampled adults (569 men and 641 women) were enrolled in our study. Tea consumption and other lifestyle characteristics were obtained by structured questionnaires. Percent body fat (BF%) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Body fat distribution was assessed using waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR). Results: Among the 1103 analyzed subjects, 473 adults (42.9%) consumed tea once or more per week for at least 6 months. The habitual tea drinkers were male‐dominant, more frequently current smokers, and alcohol or coffee drinkers than the nonhabitual tea drinkers. Habitual tea drinkers for more than 10 years showed a 19.6% reduction in BF% and a 2.1% reduction in WHR compared with nonhabitual tea drinkers. The multiple stepwise regression models revealed that men, older age, higher BMI, and current smokers were positive factors for BF% and WHR. In contrast, longer duration of habitual tea consumption and higher total physical activity were negative factors for BF%. Longer duration of habitual tea consumption, higher socioeconomic status, and premenopausal status were negative factors for WHR. Discussion: An inverse relationship may exist among habitual tea consumption, BF%, and body fat distribution, especially for subjects who have maintained the habit of tea consumption for more than 10 years.     

Correlation between body composition and risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome

Body mass index (BMI) is an important diagnostic tool for determining obesity; however, while BMI reflects the influence of body height over body weight, it does not reveal body fat percentage (BF%). We explored whether BF% correlated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome and whether metabolically obese, normal weight people were at risk for these diseases. A total of 2,867 healthy volunteers participated in this study. Blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, BMI, BF%, lipid profile, fasting glucose, uric acid, and lifestyle factors were collected from healthy subjects during their annual health examinations. In both males and females, BF% correlated positively with BMI and waist circumference. Participants were divided into three groups according to BF% and data were compared between groups. The results suggest that BF% correlates with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome for both men and women, and that BF% may be a useful predictor of risk, particularly in metabolically obese, normal weight individuals. ? 2012 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.     

Genome-wide association study identifies genetic risk loci for adiposity in a Taiwanese population

Overweight and obese are risk factors for various diseases. In Taiwan, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on four adiposity traits, including body-mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), waist circumference (WC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR), using the data for more than 21,000 subjects in Taiwan Biobank. Associations were evaluated between 6,546,460 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and adiposity traits, yielding 13 genome-wide significant (GWS) adiposity-associated trait-loci pairs. A known gene, FTO, as well as two BF%-associated loci (GNPDA2-GABRG1 [4p12] and RNU6-2-PIAS1 [15q23]) were identified as pleiotropic effects. Moreover, RALGAPA1 was found as a specific genetic predisposing factor to high BMI in a Taiwanese population. Compared to other populations, a slightly lower heritability of the four adiposity traits was found in our cohort. Surprisingly, we uncovered the importance of neural pathways that might influence BF%, WC and WHR in the Taiwanese (East Asian) population. Additionally, a moderate genetic correlation between the WHR and BMI (γ_g = 0.52; p = 2.37×10⁻⁹) was detected, suggesting different genetic determinants exist for abdominal adiposity and overall adiposity. In conclusion, the obesity-related genetic loci identified here provide new insights into the genetic underpinnings of adiposity in the Taiwanese population.     

Body adiposity and type 2 diabetes: increased risk with a high body fat percentage even having a normal BMI

Obesity is the major risk factor for the development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. BMI is widely used as a surrogate measure of obesity, but underestimates the prevalence of obesity, defined as an excess of body fat. We assessed the presence of impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose (both considered together as prediabetes) or type 2 diabetes in relation to the criteria used for the diagnosis of obesity using BMI as compared to body fat percentage (BF%). We performed a cross-sectional study including 4,828 (587 lean, 1,320 overweight, and 2,921 obese classified according to BMI) white subjects (66% females), aged 18-80 years. BMI, BF% determined by air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) and conventional blood markers of glucose metabolism and lipid profile were measured. We found a higher than expected number of subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes in the obese category according to BF% when the sample was globally analyzed (P < 0.0001) and in the lean BMI-classified subjects (P < 0.0001), but not in the overweight or obese-classified individuals. Importantly, BF% was significantly higher in lean (by BMI) women with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes as compared to those with normoglycemia (NG) (35.5 ± 7.0 vs. 30.3 ± 7.7%, P < 0.0001), whereas no differences were observed for BMI. Similarly, increased BF% was found in lean BMI-classified men with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (25.2 ± 9.0 vs. 19.9 ± 8.0%, P = 0.008), exhibiting no differences in BMI or waist circumference. In conclusion, assessing BF% may help to diagnose disturbed glucose tolerance beyond information provided by BMI and waist circumference in particular in male subjects with BMI <25 kg/m(2) and over the age of 40.     

Critical evaluation of methods for determination of body fat content in children: back to basic parameters?

Considering the increasing prevalence of obesity among children and of obesity related disorders in the pediatric population, the reliable evaluation of body fat content in children is of critical importance in research and clinical medicine. In this study, we assessed the congruency of different estimates for body fat content in prepubertal children. We determined anthropometric parameters, such as BMI and skinfold thickness, and bioelectrical impedance in 676 prepubertal Caucasian children. We calculated body fat percentage (BF%) from these parameters applying 5 distinct algorithms and established raw centiles for these models. Expectedly, girls had significantly higher BF% regardless of the method applied. There were, however, significant variances in the calculated amount of BF% between the algorithms, with BIA based equations giving highest BF%, while skinfold based equations tended to provide lower BF% values. Direct comparison of the algorithms revealed a high degree of inconsistency and poor agreement in the assessment of body fat with variations of >10% BF%. Great differences in basic parameters, such as DeltaBMI (3.2 kg/m (2)) or Deltaskinfolds (1.75-fold), would be needed to reliably predict correct ranking of 10% difference in body fat with 95% probability. In summary, BF% strongly varies depending on both the method as well as the algorithm used. This questions the applicability of such field methods for the assessment of BF% for comparative analyses and the superiority of information over basic parameters such as BMI.     

Which is the best anthropometric technique to identify obesity: body mass index, waist circumference or waist-hip ratio?

This study was designed to define the most suitable anthropometric technique among body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) as indices of obesity in adult people living in Adana, a Southern province of Turkey. A random sample design was used. A total of 900 individuals (men and non-pregnant women aged 25-65 years) were enrolled in the study. Of subjects, 50.9% were females. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Data were analysed using statistical package program. The prevalence of obesity among adults living in Adana was 20.8% 28.4% when defined using BMI, 30.5% by WC and 15.8% 42.0% by WHR. Truncal obesity and gynoid obesity showed similar prevalence with 26.6%, in the same age group. Waist circumference, BMI and WHR identified different proportions of the population, as measured for obesity prevalence. The most common methods for diagnosing overweight and obesity are based on BMI (kg/m2). However, BMI is suboptimal marker for total body fat percentage and even less suitable to assess body fat distribution. WHR is the most useful measure of obesity and the best simple anthropometric index in predicting a wide range of risk factors and related health conditions.     

The Quantitative Relationship Between “The Metabolic Syndrome” and Abdominal Obesity in Women

Abdominal obesity is closely associated with the presence of metabolic risk factors and elevated blood pressure in selected materials. This has, however, never been analyzed quantitatively in a non-selected cohort. Therefore, in a population-based study of 1462 Swedish women, four selected risk factors for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), serum triglycerides, blood glucose and systolic blood pressure and also serum insulin in a subsample, were examined in relation to regional and overall obesity. This was performed by subdividing the age adjusted sample into quintiles of waist to hip circumference ratio (WHR) or body mass index (BMI) as indicators of abdominal distribution of body fat and overall obesity, respectively. The risk factors serum triglycerides, blood glucose, blood pressure and serum insulin were defined as being elevated when the value of the risk factor was higher than the mean plus one or two standard deviations of the total age-adjusted cohort. The percentage of women with elevated risk factors according to this definition was then calculated in each of these quintiles. Having a risk factor which was elevated according to the definition was significantly correlated to WHR and BMI (p<0.0001) independent of age. The presence of one or several of these elevated risk factors was clearly higher than expected in the fifth quintile of WHR, and to a lesser extent in the fifth quintile of BMI while this was not the case in the lower quintiles of WHR and BMI. When studying the combination of the WHR and BMI, the presence of risk factors higher than the mean plus two standard deviations increased gradually with WHR in all five quintiles of BMI. A significant association was observed between WHR and presence of risk factors independent of BMI (p<0.0001) but BMI did not remain significantly correlated to presence of risk factors when controlling for WHR (p=0.09). These results indicate that abdominal distribution of body fat in women independently of general obesity is closely associated with metabolic risk factors including elevated blood pressure, a metabolic syndrome with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.     

广西少数民族成年女性体成分的差异及年龄变化规律

本文分析了在广西调研的860例(毛南族200例、仫佬族200例、苗族244例、瑶族216例)少数民族女性的体成分数据,结果发现:1)不同民族的体成分比较,脂肪量苗族最高,仫佬族最低,肌肉量毛南族最高,苗族最低,组间差异多数具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2)广西毛南族、仫佬族、苗族和瑶族成年女性的身体质量指数(I_(bm))、腰臀比(R_(wh))及体脂肪率(P_(bf))差异明显,根据I_(bm)、R_(wh)或P_(bf)评价的肥胖人数比率最高的均为苗族,且与其它民族的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3)广西毛南族、仫佬族、苗族和瑶族女性的脂肪量均随年龄的增长先升高,一般至50-54岁达高峰再稍下降,而去脂体重随年龄的增长逐渐波动降低;四民族女性的肌肉量总体随年龄的增长呈波动下降的趋势,毛南族最为明显;四民族各年龄段之间的体成分比较,组间差异绝大多数具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。综上所述,体成分存在民族差异,苗族女性的体成分状况最不健康,表现为脂肪含量过高而肌肉量和骨量偏低;随年龄的增长,本研究四个少数民族的体成分均可能呈现少肌性肥胖和骨质疏松的危险倾向。