芽孢杆菌β-折叠桶植酸酶的原核可溶性表达优化及包涵体复性研究

目的:来源于芽孢杆菌的β-折叠桶植酸酶基因PhyH,截去N端120个碱基编码的40个氨基酸后,成功构建了原核表达体系,通过两种方法分别得到有活性的目的蛋白PhyHT,并通过进一步纯化提高目的蛋白的纯度.方法:通过分子伴侣共表达系统提高目的蛋白的可溶性表达,并通过包涵体复性研究,从包涵体中制备出有活性的目的蛋白.结果:(1)目的蛋白PhyHT主要以包涵体形式存在于沉淀中;(2)通过优化表达条件,降低温度和诱导剂浓度均不能明显改善包涵体问题,通过构建分子伴侣共表达系统(即pG-KJE8、pGro7、pKJE7和pTfl6 4种分子伴侣质粒分别与重组表达质粒pET28b-PhyHT共表达),筛选能提高目的蛋白可溶性表达的分子伴侣质粒;(3)包涵体经过复性和进一步的纯化,得到了高纯度的有生物活性的目的蛋白.     

肝靶向肽-人内皮抑制素融合蛋白表达条件的优化及活性鉴定

为了获得足够多纯度高且有活性的肝靶向肽-人内皮抑制素融合蛋白(HTP-r ES),首先研究了BL21/p ET21b-HTP-r ES重组菌株的生长曲线和最佳诱导时机;单因素分析不同p H值、不同诱导时间、不同诱导剂浓度、不同诱导温度时融合蛋白表达量;通过包涵体洗涤、复性、纯化,以获得高纯度的肝靶向肽-人内皮抑制素融合蛋白;最后采用流式细胞仪和MTT对融合蛋白进行活性鉴定。结果表明,BL21/p ET21b-HTP-r ES重组菌株在1.5–3.5 h处于对数生长期,培养基p H 8.0、IPTG终浓度0.06 mmol/L、42℃、诱导表达5 h为最佳表达条件。包涵体洗涤后纯度达60%,经复性、纯化后获得的目的蛋白纯度达到95%以上,对人肝癌细胞具有靶向性,能抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的增殖。研究确立了融合蛋白最佳表达条件以及复性、纯化条件,为进一步研究其生物学活性及药物开发奠定基础。     

一种从大肠杆菌包涵体中分离纯化GST-TRAF6融合蛋白的方法

利用8 mol/L尿素溶液对表达在大肠杆菌包涵体中的GST-TRAF6融合蛋白进行变性,通过逐级稀释复性的方法对尿素溶解后的GST-TRAF6融合蛋白进行复性,将复性后的GST-TRAF6融合蛋白进一步利用谷胱甘肽琼脂糖树脂亲和层析的方法进行分离纯化,将分离纯化后的蛋白通过Western blot方法进行验证,最后利用体外泛素化反应检测经包涵体变性、复性和纯化后的GST-TRAF6融合蛋白的生物学活性。经过包涵体变性、梯度稀释复性和谷胱甘肽琼脂糖树脂亲和层析3个步骤后纯化得到纯度达90%以上、浓度为396 ng/μL的蛋白质溶液。利用GST蛋白作为对照,经Western blot验证表明,纯化得到的蛋白确为GSTTRAF6融合蛋白。进一步利用体外泛素化反应分析其泛素连接酶活性发现,17 ng/μL浓度的GST-TRAF6融合蛋白能够以泛素分子作为底物在5 min内快速催化自由泛素链的生成。结果表明,表达在大肠杆菌包涵体中的GST-TRAF6融合蛋白经尿素变性溶解后能够成功复性并分离纯化,在溶解性改变的同时恢复了其泛素连接酶活性。为从大肠杆菌包涵体中大规模分离纯化蛋白质提供了一种新的复性方法。     

苦荞过敏蛋白TB22的原核表达及纯化

为了确定苦荞主要过敏原蛋白TB22的抗原决定簇,揭示其致敏机制,为以后的分子改造及育种改良打下基础,需要在体外微生物体系中获得大量的纯化蛋白。以pQE31为表达载体,M15为表达菌株,使用IPTG诱导,在37℃获得了以包涵体形式存在的表达产物。经WesternBlotting检测,证明表达条带N端带有Histidinetag。使用8molL尿素初步纯化后,目的蛋白含量达到40%以上。进一步HitrapChelatingHP亲和纯化,表达蛋白的纯度达到90%以上。建立了适合重组TB22纯化的基本方法,得到了纯化的包涵体,为抗TB22抗体的制备及其抗原决定簇的研究奠定了基础。     

重组人RGD-sTRAIL的表达、纯化及抗肿瘤活性研究

利用PCR技术构建RGD短肽与人肿瘤坏死因子凋亡配体(胞外区114-281)的融合基因,将该DNA片段克隆到原核表达载体pET-11a中。重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导后可表达相对分子质量约为20000的目的蛋白,占菌体蛋白的20％左右,且大多数重组蛋白以不溶的包涵体形式存在。Western印迹表明目的蛋白具有人sTRAIL的抗原性。表达产物经变性、复性、离子交换层析和分子筛等步骤,可以得到纯度大干95％的RGD-sTRAIL重组蛋白。肿瘤细胞体外实验发现,纯化后的RGD-sTRAIL重组蛋白能明显抑制人肺癌细胞A549生长,并呈剂量依赖性。研究结果表明,通过复性,包涵体中的RGD-sTRAIL蛋白得到正确的折叠,并在体外具有杀伤肿瘤细胞的活性,从而为进一步研究体内靶向性杀伤肿瘤细胞奠定了基础。     

重组人IL-4大肠杆菌表达与纯化

根据大肠杆菌密码子偏爱性优化并合成人白细胞介素4基因,以pET30a( )为载体构建了重组表达质粒pET30a( )/rhIL-4,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,诱导表达并超声破菌检测重组蛋白的表达形式。采用5L发酵罐培养工程菌,发酵液OD600为0.6时诱导3.5h收集菌体,检测目的蛋白的表达量。收集的菌体经压榨破菌获得包涵体,通过包涵体变性、层析、透析复性等方法对rhIL-4进行纯化。采用人红细胞白血病细胞(TF-1)测定纯化的rhIL-4的生物活性。测序表明目的基因已插入载体pET30a( )中,重组蛋白以包涵体形式表达,单位体积重组蛋白的表达量达200mg/L发酵液,建立了对包涵体形式表达的rhIL-4纯化方法,最终得率为40mg/L发酵液,纯度大于98%,回收率为20%以上。免疫印迹法检测诱导表达的重组蛋白和纯化的蛋白为IL-4,N端氨基酸序列测定结果与理论相符,生物活性检测纯化的蛋白比活性达2.5×106AU/mg。这为rhIL-4进一步产业化研究建立了基础。     

重组人成纤维细胞生长因子8b原核表达载体的构建和纯化研究

成纤维细胞生长因子8b(fibroblast growth factor, FGF8b)在生长因子中与内分泌癌的发生和发展相关联,是一个有潜在临床应用价值的候选分子,为了满足重组人FGF8b的研发需要,论文采用分子克隆的方法构建了以包涵体形式表达FGF8b的重组大肠杆菌,并初步摸索出包涵体蛋白的纯化和复性工艺条件,通过Western blot和MTT法鉴定了FGF8b的生物化学特征和促增殖活性,表明利用包涵体复性技术初步得到了具有活性的蛋白,为后续研发进程奠定了基础。     

人白介素-4与大肠杆菌二硫键异构酶DsbC在大肠杆菌中的融合表达及羟胺切割后共复性

目的:通过融合表达、羟胺切割、与二硫键异构酶共复性,获得高表达、高纯度、高生物活性的重组人白细胞介素-4(rhIL-4)。方法:将5端引入了羟胺切割位点的hIL-4基因克隆到大肠杆菌二硫键异构酶DsbC的原核表达载体pET-DsbC中,IPTG诱导表达,对包涵体进行纯化,然后在变性条件下经羟胺切割,利用DsbC的分子伴侣功能与hIL-4进行共复性,最后利用阳离子交换层析纯化获得rhIL-4蛋白。结果:融合蛋白DsbC-hIL-4的表达量占细菌总蛋白的40%以上,以包涵体形式存在;纯化后得到的rhIL-4的相对分子量为15×103,与预期一致,电泳纯度达95%;细胞学实验测定其具有良好的生物学活性。结论:通过融合表达的方法可以提高hIL-4的原核表达量;利用共复性的方式极大地提高了hIL-4的复性率和生物活性。     

重组人白细胞介素4的纯化及N端氨基酸序列分析

本文对重组人白细胞介素4高效表达克隆pBV220/hIL-4a的表达产物进行了纯化,升对纯化的人IL-4进行了N端氨基酸序列分析。人IL-4基因表达产物在大肠杆菌中以不溶性包涵体形式存在,经过超声破菌、包涵体抽提、复性浓缩、离子交換和凝胶过滤层析一系列纯化步骤,终产物纯度达98％以上,按蛋白总量计算回收率为14％,比活性达2×10~6单位/mg蛋白。通过测定纯化人IL-4的N端16个氮基酸序列,与由其DNA序列推导的氨基酸序列完全一致。本文为重组人IL-4的批量生产奠定了基础。     

内毒素结合肽的原核表达、纯化及生物学活性鉴定

重组人内毒素结合肽 (endotoxinbindingpeptide ,EBP)融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达 ,分离和纯化后对其进行生物学活性观察 .将构建好的PinpointⅩa3 EBP生物素融合表达载体转化大肠杆菌DH5α ,IPTG诱导表达菌株 ,亲和层析法纯化表达产物 ,因子Ⅹa(factorⅩa)切割分离内毒素结合肽 ,采用凝胶过滤和反相液相高效色谱法两步纯化 ,从相对分子质量、N端 1 0个氨基酸的序列分析等方面进行鉴定 ;利用人单核细胞U937对重组内毒素结合肽进行了生物学活性的检测 .结果发现 ,内毒素结合肽以包涵体形式存在 ,因子Ⅹa酶切融合蛋白后得到 3 5kD的内毒素结合肽 ,纯化后内毒素结合肽纯度达 99%以上 ,N端 1 0个氨基酸的分析结果与预期相符 ;初步证实内毒素结合肽具有较好的LPS结合活性 ,能够抑制LPS的作用 .经原核表达及纯化复性 ,获得了具有较好生物学活性的内毒素结合肽 ,为进一步研究其功能奠定了良好的基础     

Bm-TFF2, a toad trefoil factor, promotes cell migration, survival and wound healing

Toad skin is naked and continually confronted by various injurious factors. Constant skin renewal and repairs occur frequently. However, the mechanisms of the renewal and repair have not clearly elucidated. In our previous work, a trefoil factor (TFF), Bm-TFF2, has been purified from the Bombina maxima skin and characterized as a platelet agonist. The mRNA of TFFs in toad skin was up-regulated greatly during the metamorphosis, indicating a pivotal role of TFFs in amphibian skin. Here, we presented the effects of Bm-TFF2 on the cell migration, apoptosis and proliferation. Bm-TFF2 bound to epithelial cells and showed strong cell motility activity. At the concentrations of 1-100 nM, Bm-TFF2-induced migration of human epithelial AGS and HT-29 cells, and rat intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cell lines. The in vitro wound healing assay also verified the activity of Bm-TFF2. Bm-TFF2 could also inhibit cell apoptosis induced by ceramide and sodium butyrate. The cell migration-promoting activity was abolished by MEK1 inhibitors, U0126 and PD98059, suggesting that ERK1/2 activation is crucial for Bm-TFF2 to stimulate cell migration. Taken together, Bm-TFF2 promoted wound healing by stimulating cell migration via MAPK pathway and preventing cell apoptosis. The potent biological activity of Bm-TFF2 makes it a useful molecular tool for further studies of structure-function relationship of the related human TFFs.     

Bm-TFF2在毕赤酵母中的表达及鉴定

Bm-TFF2,一种从大蹼铃蟾皮肤分泌物中分离得到的两栖类三叶因子,具有比人三叶因子更强的生物学活性。该研究以Bm-TFF2的cDNA为模板,利用PCR方法扩增Bm-TFF2基因,然后插到含有AOX1启动子和α-因子信号肽序列的表达载体pPIC9K中,采用毕赤酵母表达系统进行分泌表达,并用G418筛选高拷贝整合转化子。SDS-PAGE和Western blotting都检测到Bm-TFF2被分泌性表达于酵母上清。在1%的甲醇诱导表达不同时间后,重组蛋白在72h的表达量最大,可达50mg/L;而不同浓度的饱和硫酸铵沉淀菌液上清时,80%的饱和硫酸铵沉淀量最大。这些结果表明,重组质粒Bm-TFF2-pPIC9K成功构建并在真核细胞中高效表达,这为进一步研究Bm-TFF2的生物学活性及其结构与功能关系奠定了基础。     

Bm-TFF2, a trefoil factor protein with platelet activation activity from frog Bombina maxima skin secretions

In mammals, trefoil factor family (TFF) proteins are involved in mucosal maintenance and repair, and they are also implicated in tumor suppression and cancer progression. A novel two domain TFF protein from frog Bombina maxima skin secretions (Bm-TFF2) has been purified and cloned. It activated human platelets in a dose-dependent manner and activation of integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) was involved. Aspirin and apyrase did not largely reduce platelet response to Bm-TFF2 (a 30% inhibition), indicating that the aggregation is not substantially dependent on ADP and thromboxane A2 autocrine feedback. Elimination of external Ca(2+) with EGTA did not influence the platelet aggregation induced by Bm-TFF2, meanwhile a strong calcium signal (cytoplasmic Ca(2+) release) was detected, suggesting that activation of phospholipase C (PLC) is involved. Subsequent immunoblotting revealed that, unlike in platelets activated by stejnulxin (a glycoprotein VI agonist), PLCgamma2 was not phosphorylated in platelets activated by Bm-TFF2. FITC-labeled Bm-TFF2 bound to platelet membranes. Bm-TFF2 is the first TFF protein reported to possess human platelet activation activity.     

Improvement of the optimum temperature of lipase activity for Rhizopus niveus by random mutagenesis and its structural interpretation

Random mutagenesis was used to improve the optimum temperature for Rhizopus niveus lipase (RNL) activity. The lipase gene was mutated using the error-prone PCR technique. One desirable mutant was isolated, and three amino acids were substituted in this mutant (P18H, A36T and E218V). The wild-type and this randomly mutated lipase were both purified and characterized. The specific activity of the mutant lipase was 80% that of the wild-type. The optimum temperature of the mutant lipase was higher by 15 degrees C than that of the wild-type. To confirm which substitution contributed to enhancing the optimum temperature for enzymic activity, two chimeric lipases from the wild-type and randomly mutated gene were constructed: chimeric lipase 1 (CL-1; P18H and A36T) and chimeric lipase 2 (CL-2; E218V). Each of the chimeric enzymes was purified, and the optimum temperature for lipase activity was measured. CL-1 had a similar optimum temperature to that of the wild-type, and CL-2 had a higher temperature like the randomly mutated lipase. The mutational effect is interpreted in terms of a three-dimensional structure for the wild-type lipase.     

Evidence for a Fourth Hydrogenase in Desulfovibrio fructosovorans

A strain devoid of the three hydrogenases characterized for Desulfovibrio fructosovorans was constructed using marker exchange mutagenesis. As expected, the H(2)-dependent methyl viologen reduction activity of the strain was null, but physiological studies showed no striking differences between the mutated and wild-type strains. The H(+)-D(2) exchange activity measured in the mutated strain indicates the presence of a fourth hydrogenase in D. fructosovorans.     

Analysis of immunization with DNA encoding Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A

The promising arena of DNA-based vaccines has led us to investigate possible candidates for immunization against bacterial pathogens. One such target is the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa which produces exotoxin A (PE), a well-characterized virulence factor encoded by the toxA gene. In its native protein form, PE is highly cytotoxic for susceptible eukaryotic cells through ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor-2 following internalization and processing of the toxin. To study the biologic and immunological effects of PE following in situ expression, we have constructed eukaryotic plasmid expression vectors containing either the wild-type or a mutated, non-cytotoxic toxA gene. In vitro analysis by transfection of UM449 cells suggests that expression of the wild-type toxA gene is lethal for transfected cells whereas transfection with a mutated toxA gene results in the production of inactive PE which can be readily detected by immunoblot analysis of cell lysates. To investigate the effects resulting from the intracellular expression of potentially cytotoxic gene products in DNA vaccine constructs, we immunized mice with both the wild-type and mutant toxA plasmid constructs and analyzed the resulting humoral and cellular immune responses. Immunization with the mutated toxA gene results in production of neutralizing antibodies against native PE and potentiates a T(H)1-type response, whereas only a minimal humoral response can be detected in mice immunized with wild-type toxA. DNA-based vaccination with the non-cytotoxic toxA(mut) gene confers complete protection against challenge with the wild-type PE. Therefore, genetic immunization with genes encoding potentially cytotoxic gene products raises concern with regard to the selection of feasible gene targets for DNA vaccine development.     

葡萄球菌B型肠毒素突变体的分子设计、高效表达与活性初步研究

葡萄球菌B型肠毒素（SEB0是重要的超抗原,依据SEB分子的晶体结构并结合表面分析,模拟设计了与MHCⅡ类分子和TCR VB区亲合力降低的三位点突变体mSEB(Y89A,C93S,Y94A)。通过PCR重叠延伸法获得突变体基因,导入PBV220载体中,于E.coliDH5α中获得高效表达,纯化的突变毒素T细胞激活活性仅为野生型毒素的1/5左右。     

Interactions between Aβ and Mutated Tau Lead to Polymorphism and Induce Aggregation of Aβ-Mutated Tau Oligomeric Complexes

One of the main hallmarks of the fronto-temporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) is the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain as an outcome of the aggregation of mutated tau protein. This process occurs due to a number of genetic mutations in the MAPT gene. One of these mutations is the ∆K280 mutation in the tau R2 repeat domain, which promotes the aggregation vis-à-vis that for the wild-type tau. Experimental studies have shown that in Alzheimer’s disease Aβ peptide forms aggregates both with itself and with wild-type tau. By analogy, in FTDP-17, it is likely that there are interactions between Aβ and mutated tau, but the molecular mechanisms underlying such interactions remain to be elucidated. Thus, to investigate the interactions between Aβ and mutated tau, we constructed fourteen ∆K280 mutated tau-Aβ_17-42 oligomeric complexes. In seven of the mutated tau-Aβ_17-42 oligoemric complexes the mutated tau oligomers exhibited hydrophobic interactions in their core domain, and in the other seven mutated tau-Aβ_17-42 oligoemric complexes the mutated tau oligomers exhibited salt-bridge interactions in their core domain. We considered two types of interactions between mutated tau oligomers and Aβ oligomers: interactions of one monomer of the Aβ oligomer with one monomer of the mutated tau oligomer to form a single-layer conformation, and interactions of the entire Aβ oligomer with the entire mutated tau oligomer to form a double-layer conformation. We also considered parallel arrangements of Aβ trimers alternating with mutated tau trimers in a single-layer conformation. Our results demonstrate that in the interactions of Aβ and mutated tau oligomers, polymorphic mutated tau-Aβ_17-42 oligomeric complexes were observed, with a slight preference for the double-layer conformation. Aβ trimers alternating with mutated tau trimers constituted a structurally stable confined β-structure, albeit one that was energetically less stable than all the other constructed models.     

鸡PPARγ基因转录本3上游开放阅读框转录后的调控作用

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, PPARγ)是脂肪生成的关键调控因子。本实验室前期研究发现,与人和鼠等哺乳动物PPARγ基因的转录本不同,鸡PPARγ基因的多个转录本5′UTR区存在上游开放阅读框(upstream open reading frames, uORFs)。为了揭示该uORF转录后的调控作用,本研究构建了鸡PPARγ基因转录本3 (cPPARγ3)野生型5′UTR报告基因载体psiCHECK2-cPPARγ3- 5′UTR-WT和uORF突变(uATG突变为终止密码子TGA)的5′UTR报告基因载体psiCHECK2-cPPARγ3- 5′UTR-Mut。将这两个报告基因载体分别转染永生化鸡前脂肪细胞(immortalized chicken pre-adipocytes, ICPA)和鸡胚成纤维细胞DF1,检测海肾荧光素酶报告基因hRluc活性及其mRNA表达。荧光素酶报告基因检测结果显示,在ICPA细胞中,psiCHECK2-cPPARγ3-5′UTR-Mut的hRluc报告基因活性极显著高于psiCHECK2- cPPARγ3-5′UTR-WT (P<0.01);在DF1细胞中,psiCHECK2-cPPARγ3-5′UTR-Mut的hRluc报告基因活性高于psiCHECK2-cPPARγ3-5′UTR-WT,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。qRT-PCR检测hRluc基因mRNA表达结果显示,与psiCHECK2-cPPARγ3-5′UTR-WT相比,在ICPA细胞中,psiCHECK2-cPPARγ3-5′UTR-Mut转染细胞的hRluc基因的mRNA表达水平极显著降低(P<0.01);在DF1细胞中,psiCHECK2-cPPARγ3-5′UTR-Mut转染细胞后,hRluc基因的mRNA表达水平也降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。为进一步分析该uORF对鸡cPPARγ3的转录后调控作用,本研究又分别构建了野生型cPPARγ3真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-cPPARγ3-WT和uORF突变的cPPARγ3真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-cPPARγ3-Mut。qRT-PCR检测cPPARγ3的mRNA表达水平,结果显示,在这两种细胞中,pcDNA3.1-cPPARγ3-Mut转染细胞的cPPARγ3 mRNA表达水平均显著低于pcDNA3.1-cPPARγ3-WT转染细胞(P<0.05),但Western blot结果显示,pcDNA3.1-cPPARγ3-Mut转染细胞的PPARγ蛋白表达水平极显著高于pcDNA3.1-cPPARγ3-WT转染细胞(P<0.01)。这些研究结果表明,5′UTR区的uORF抑制鸡cPPARγ3的翻译。     

Role of threonine-286 as autophosphorylation site for appearance of Ca2(+)-independent activity of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha subunit.

To confirm directly the role of Thr-286 as the autophosphorylation site responsible for the appearance of Ca2(+)-independent activity of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha subunit, we constructed two mutated cDNAs of Thr-286 to Pro or Ala using site-directed mutagenesis and introduced into Chinese hamster ovary cells. The mutant enzymes expressed in stable cell lines were partially purified and their catalytic properties were confirmed to be similar to those of wild-type kinase, except that the mutant kinase which were deprived of Thr-286 as an autophosphorylation site could not be converted to Ca2(+)-independent forms upon autophosphorylation. Other autophosphorylation sites of the mutants were essentially unchanged from those of the wild-type kinase and phosphorylation of such sites did not convert them to Ca2(+)-independent forms. The results indicate that Thr-286 is the only indispensable autophosphorylation site for the appearance of Ca2(+)-independent activity of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha subunit.