Successful information exchange between restoration science and practice

The science‐practice gap is often cited as a limitation to successful restoration outcomes; however, the existence of such a gap in information exchange is rarely measured. Here, we quantify the gap by focusing on common recommendations from both scientists (i.e. researchers) and managers (i.e. practitioners, land managers) on what is needed for successful restoration. We surveyed 45 managers associated with 244 invasive species (Tamarix spp.) removal projects across the southwestern U.S. to determine the degree to which they have utilized four strategies advocated by scientists: (1) collaborate widely, (2) monitor beyond cursory visual methods, (3) use a variety of information sources, and (4) consider project goals beyond invasive species removal. Half of these managers were also interviewed to assess managers' perceptions of the role of science in restoration. Twenty‐three scientists specializing in Tamarix‐related research in this region were also surveyed to assess how much they understood and/or shared the concerns of land managers. We found that managers were following scientists' recommendations and that managers' perceptions of the role of science in land management did not have any bearing on the management actions taken. Scientists reported being influenced by managers, and the concerns of scientists and managers were more overlapping than expected. Boundary organizations and river‐wide partnerships were often cited as important in facilitating effective communication between land managers and scientists. A lack of funding for monitoring and for longer‐term projects was cited by both groups as a limitation to incorporating scientists' recommendations into restoration.     

Mapping Restoration Opportunity for Collaborating with Land Managers in a Carbon Credit‐Funded Restoration Program in the Makana Municipality,Eastern Cape,South Africa

Spatial prioritization techniques are commonly used in conservation planning, but are relatively new for planning restoration programs. Typically, ecological data, and more recently data on economic costs and vulnerability of sites, are used. However, the effectiveness of restoration action ultimately relies on a combination of the appropriate ecological restoration techniques and the human and social dynamics of social‐ecological systems. Surveys were conducted with 29 land managers within the Makana Municipality of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, to identify a range of human and social factors hypothesized to define the potential effectiveness of restoration action. Land managers with similar characteristics were grouped using a cluster analysis, and the groups ranked and mapped in geographical information system (GIS) to provide a spatial representation of restoration opportunity. The total number of questions were reduced by 35.6%, a step toward developing a rapid assessment approach for assessing land managers' potential participation in restoration initiatives. Identifying and incorporating human and social factors that directly influence restoration prioritization should promote efficient and effective implementation of restoration actions by the Working for Woodlands programme, who are looking to funding landscape‐scale restoration through carbon trading.     

新时期我国国土空间生态修复理念与模式探讨

国土空间生态修复以地理学、景观生态学理论为基础,是推进生态文明、建设美丽中国的重要举措。我国国土空间生态修复呈现理论体系多学科化、工作模式多元化、技术方法融合化、实践探索多样化的特征,工作总体成效显著与任务艰巨并存。本文基于国土空间生态修复的新挑战,对国土空间生态修复研究的总体框架和技术路径、区域国土空间生态修复的工作机制与模式、国土空间生态修复的内容体系和技术标准进行综述。新时期,我国国土空间生态修复顶层设计应重点围绕工作体系、业务边界和制度体系3项内容,明确各类业务流程的职责边界,从理论、制度、工程、技术全域视角实现工作全链条闭合管理。乡村聚落区、城镇建成区、工矿聚集区、生态功能区、蓝色海洋区是区域尺度国土空间的5大组成要素,分别对应全域土地综合整治、城市更新与城市双修、矿山地质环境修复治理、山水林田湖草系统修复、蓝色海湾修复整治5种差别化生态修复模式。应综合运用“三个集成”(信息、技术、流程)思维,构建一套涵盖调查监测评价、国土空间规划、工程项目实施、工程项目验收、生态系统监测评价一体化的区域国土空间生态修复工作模式。     

Conservation planning and Indigenous governance in Australia's Indigenous Protected Areas

Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs) recognize that “country” constitutes land and waters that have enduring cultural, social, and economic linkages for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples that extend over millennia, and which are critical to sustainable Indigenous futures. Within Australia's conservation system, IPAs become part of the National Reserve System (NRS) when Indigenous peoples voluntarily announce their intention to manage “country,” in accordance with their law, custom, and culture, and consistently with national and international conservation guidelines. The NRS requirement is that land is managed “in perpetuity” which highlights a potential tension between with the conservation goals and the voluntary character of IPAs. Ecological restoration in IPAs also raises contested ideas about what is “natural,” the relevant “baseline” for restoration, and what are the objectives to be achieved—ecological or cultural sustainability? Experience from Healthy Country Planning in IPAs indicates that restoration of traditional owner decision‐making, as well as respectful use and valuing community knowledge, is central to the sustainability of outcomes. Ecological restoration is most effectively achieved by restoring governance processes that support Indigenous peoples given the inseparability of cultural, social, economic, and ecological objectives.     

北方风沙区生态修复的科学原理、工程实践和恢复效果

北方风沙区位于欧亚草原的东部,是我国生态环境最为脆弱的地区之一,其在北方生态安全屏障和丝绸之路经济带建设中具有十分重要的战略地位。在国家一系列生态保育工程的支持下,该地区的生态环境得到明显改善。但是,由于受人类活动和全球气候变化的影响,该地区仍然面临着严峻的环境压力。在中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)等项目支持下,开展了北方风沙区土地沙化成因及退化土地空间分布研究,集成了北方风沙区重点脆弱区生态恢复的理论和技术体系,以内蒙古中部的阴山北麓地区、内蒙古浑善达克沙地和蒙辽交界的科尔沁沙地为重点研究区域,进行了高效人工草地建植、天然草地恢复和管理、沙化草地治理等相关工程技术的示范,开展生态恢复模式的效果跟踪监测和生态效益评估,确定生态恢复技术和模式的技术参数和指标,明确不同集成技术与模式在北方风沙区的适用区域和范围,为技术模式的推广应用提供科学依据。通过上述研究,可以为中央和地方政府制定生态系统管理和退化生态系统恢复政策、建立我国北方生态安全屏障提供决策依据,为生态修复产业提供技术指南,为相关研究提供全面系统的基础数据支撑。     

生计资本对国家重点生态功能区农户受偿意愿的影响

国家重点生态功能区财政转移支付虽覆盖全部地区,但其补偿资金主要用于生态修复成本与基本公共服务开支,缺少对外围农户受偿意愿的关注。基于阿尔泰山地森林草原生态功能区的553份农户调查数据,利用CVM法、Heckman两阶段选择模型对农户生态补偿参与意愿和受偿水平以及影响因素进行分析,为国家重点生态功能区面向农户出台生态补偿政策提供参考依据。研究结果表明：(1)调查区域85.53%的农户具有较强受偿需求,这一意愿具有生计方式、收入层次以及流域差异,经Heckman期望值估计方法调整后,农户受偿水平为1250.5元户^-1 a^-1。(2)自然资本中人均耕地面积对补偿参与意愿和受偿水平都具有正向影响,人均草场面积显著正向影响农户受偿水平;人力资本中劳动力比重对农户受偿水平具有正向影响;物质资本中,牲畜存栏量与受偿水平呈显著的负相关,生产性工具对补偿参与意愿和受偿水平都具有正向影响;金融资本中家庭总收入显著负向影响农户受偿水平,是否为脱贫巩固户身份对农户补偿参与意愿有正向影响;社会资本中汉语水平与农户参与意愿呈显著正相关,是否常去村级文化中心正向影响农户受...     

基于生态安全格局的厦漳泉地区国土空间生态保护修复区与预警点识别

厦漳泉地区是福建省开展生态保护修复的关键区域,识别、预警国土空间生态薄弱区对实施国土空间生态修复具有重要意义。研究通过MSPA、MCR等模型方法识别2000-2018年动态稳定性与连通性兼具的生态源地,提取生态廊道、生态节点等构建该地区的生态安全格局,采用FLUS模型在生态安全格局限制下模拟2030年土地利用变化,综合划分厦漳泉地区国土空间生态保护修复区并展开预警。结果表明,厦漳泉地区生态安全格局由12个生态源地,66条潜在生态廊道、13条重要生态廊道与若干生态节点等构成,生态源地主要分布在研究区西部,生态廊道为纵横交错的网状结构,部分生境较脆弱的县（区）无生态源地与廊道分布,生态节点集聚特征显著;2030年研究区耕地、林地面积呈减少趋势,建设用地面积增幅显著,建设用地向四周的耕地与林地呈环状扩张,挤压生态空间,威胁生态源地与廊道。综上,研究划分了1个生态源地保护带、2个生态修复核心区,并明确生态保护空间预警点,可为完善国土空间生态安全格局的保护与建设等提供基础信息,对开展生态保护修复协同治理、提升区域生态环境质量与人民福祉有重要意义。     

Land Suitability Assessment on a Watershed of Loess Plateau Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process

In order to reduce soil erosion and desertification, the Sloping Land Conversion Program has been conducted in China for more than 15 years, and large areas of farmland have been converted to forest and grassland. However, this large-scale vegetation-restoration project has faced some key problems (e.g. soil drying) that have limited the successful development of the current ecological-recovery policy. Therefore, it is necessary to know about the land use, vegetation, and soil, and their inter-relationships in order to identify the suitability of vegetation restoration. This study was conducted at the watershed level in the ecologically vulnerable region of the Loess Plateau, to evaluate the land suitability using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that (1) the area unsuitable for crops accounted for 73.3% of the watershed, and the main factors restricting cropland development were soil physical properties and soil nutrients; (2) the area suitable for grassland was about 86.7% of the watershed, with the remaining 13.3% being unsuitable; (3) an area of 3.95 km², accounting for 66.7% of the watershed, was unsuitable for forest. Overall, the grassland was found to be the most suitable land-use to support the aims of the Sloping Land Conversion Program in the Liudaogou watershed. Under the constraints of soil water shortage and nutrient deficits, crops and forests were considered to be inappropriate land uses in the study area, especially on sloping land. When selecting species for re-vegetation, non-native grass species with high water requirements should be avoided so as to guarantee the sustainable development of grassland and effective ecological functioning. Our study provides local land managers and farmers with valuable information about the inappropriateness of growing trees in the study area along with some information on species selection for planting in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau.     

基于多模型结合的土地利用结构多情景优化模拟

土地生态服务功能的重要性越来越受到人们的重视,以河北省卢龙县为案例区,以土地生态服务功能和经济功能提升为目标,基于100 m×100 m尺度的遥感解译图像,分别利用CLUE-S及基于MOP和CLUE-S整合模型对研究区土地利用结构进行数量及空间优化模拟。结果表明:到2020年,单模型模拟的土地经济功能有所提升,但生态服务功能却减退;基于MOP和CLUE-S优化整合模型模拟的生态服务功能和经济功能分别比2013年提升8.40%及8.20%。耕地、建设用地、林地面积都有所增加,其它用地减少较多。研究表明,MOP和CLUE-S整合模型与单模型相比,到2020年土地两项功能值之和有所增加,特别是生态功能增加幅度较大,MOP和CLUE-S模型结合的优化方案优于CLUE-S单模型优化方案。     

基于遥感与地理信息数据的科尔沁沙地生态环境状况动态评价

科尔沁沙地处于蒙古、华北与兴安植物区系交汇处,是蒙古高原向东北平原的过渡区,具有丰富的生物多样性,属于典型农牧交错区,亦是东北平原的重要生态屏障。建国以来,受全球气候变化以及城镇化扩张、草原开垦及过度放牧等多重因素影响导致该区生态退化,生态系统服务功能下降。为此,利用遥感和地理信息数据,采用综合评估的方法,对近30年该区重大生态修复工程的实施过程及修复效果进行科学评估,具有重要的理论与实践意义。研究结果表明：1990、2000、2010、2015、2020年该区生态环境指数分别为75.19、70.20、73.51、74.27和74.7,其生态环境的变化可大致分为3个阶段,即退化期(1990—2000年)、恢复期(2000—2010年)和稳定期(2010—2020年)。2000年后,多项国家重点生态工程的实施对生态环境的改善具有明显推动作用,即科尔沁沙地生态环保工程的保护成效显著。城市化进程加快和水资源短缺是该区生态环境改善的主要制约因素,生态保护和地下水资源利用工程的实施仍需加强。研究可为科尔沁沙地生态保护和修复提供科学依据和实践参考。     

Social perspectives on the use of reference conditions in restoration of fire‐adapted forest landscapes

As approaches to ecological restoration become increasingly large scale and collaborative, there is a need to better understand social aspects of restoration and how they influence land management. In this article, we examine social perspectives that influence the determination of ecological reference conditions in restoration. Our analysis is based on in‐depth interviews with diverse stakeholders involved in collaborative restoration of fire‐adapted forest landscapes. We conducted interviews with 86 respondents from six forest collaboratives that are part of the U.S. Forest Service's Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program. Collaboratives use a variety of approaches to develop reference conditions, including historic, contemporary, and future scenarios. Historical conditions prior to European settlement (nineteenth century or “pre‐settlement” conditions), or prior to more recent grazing, logging, and exclusion of fire, were the predominant type of reference used in all sites. Stakeholders described benefits and limitations of reference conditions. Primary benefits include (1) providing a science‐based framework for bringing stakeholders together around a common vision; (2) gaining social understanding and acceptance of the underlying need for restoration; and (3) serving to neutralize otherwise value‐laden discussions about multiple, sometimes competing, resource objectives. Limitations stem from (1) concerns over social conflict when reference conditions are perceived to contradict other stakeholder values and interests, (2) differing interpretations of reference condition science, (3) inappropriate application or over‐generalization of reference information, and (4) limited relevance of historical references for current and future conditions in some ecosystems. At the same time, collaboratives are adopting innovative strategies to address conceptual and methodological limitations of reference conditions.     

三峡库区典型流域聚落变迁的土地利用效应

三峡库区是典型的移民区和生态敏感区,探究其由于聚落变迁所引发的土地利用转移效应对于区域社会经济发展和生态恢复具有重要意义。以库区腹地草堂溪流域为研究对象,基于2000—2018年GOOGLE EARTH高分影像,结合当地自然地理环境和社会经济发展从微观尺度对山区聚落变迁的土地利用效应进行剖析。研究表明:(1)扩张型聚落周边以耕地转为果园为主;衰退型聚落周边土地利用转型主要表现为耕地向果园、有林地转变;自然增长型聚落周边以耕地和灌木林地向有林地,果园转化;消没型聚落周边以耕地,果园转为林草地,撂荒地为主,经济和生态效益均有所提高;且除消没型聚落外,另外3种聚落类型周边土地利用功能逐渐向生产生态功能转变,消没型周边土地利用功能逐渐侧重于生态功能。(2)2000—2010年,聚落变迁劳动力转移是聚落周边用地类型变化的根本因素,政府政策是是造成土地利用转型的直接因素;2010—2018年社会经济发展是土地利用转型的直接驱动因素,而农户生计需求是引发用地类型变化的根本驱动力;(3)聚落的变迁,不仅驱动了土地利用转型而且促使流域内经营主体由农户个体经营向政府、企业为主的经营主体转变。研究结果对于库区生态建设,农户经济发展以及改善人居环境等方面具有一定的积级作用。     

基于土地多功能的黄土丘陵沟壑区生态保护与发展情景评估及多主体模拟

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区生态环境脆弱,近几十年生态保护工程的实施带来显著的生态恢复效果,也对农户的生计策略与区域粮食安全产生了影响。刻画生态脆弱区人-地系统复杂响应过程,可以为区域可持续的土地利用管理模式提供依据。研究从土地多功能出发,着眼于黄土丘陵沟壑区河谷川地、梁峁区域、黄土塬地、土石山地以及城郊区域等不同的典型地貌类型与代表区域,采用多层次利益相关者参与式的评估框架,以农户的耕地利用行为及生态工程影响与未来发展为切入点,设置惯性发展情景、发展优先兼顾生态情景、农业优先兼顾生态情景以及生态优先兼顾发展情景,构建多智能体模型对区域土地利用与土地多功能的时空变化开展模拟。主要结果表明：(1)生态优先兼顾发展情景综合影响最高且对各维度影响相对均衡,而农业优先兼顾生态情景对区域土地的经济维度的功能和社会维度具有更为明显的提升效应;(2)根据土地多功能空间变化模拟结果,区域土地利用破碎化明显且耕地的撂荒对全域土地多功能均表现出明显的限制作用,农业优先兼顾生态情景中土地功能发生下降的面积最少;(3)发生土地功能下降的区域主要分布在土地质量较差、坡度处于5—15°范围内、地形起伏度较大以及距离道路较远...     

中国快速城市化区域生态系统服务价值预测及权衡研究——以佛山市为例

中国快速城市化区域由于经济迅速发展需要以及人类活动不断干扰,导致土地利用变化剧烈,影响生态系统功能发挥和服务供给,给予生态环境带来巨大压力。分析和预测快速城市化区域生态服务价值（Ecosystem Service Value,ESV）时空演变特征、权衡与协同关系,对协调区域可持续发展具有重要意义。通过FLUS（Future Land Use Simulation）模型、价值当量表估算法、皮尔逊相关分析和双变量自相关等方法,分析并预测2005-2025年佛山市土地利用变化对ESV的影响,同时探究2025年多情景下生态系统服务之间的权衡与协同关系。结果表明：①2005-2025佛山市土地利用格局变化明显,生态保护情景下土地利用变化程度最缓和。②2005-2015年ESV共下降11.41亿元,经济发展情景下的ESV下降趋势最明显。③供给、调节、支持与文化4种单项ESV,分别下降1.95、5.02、4.08、0.36亿元;生态保护情景下的各项ESV均上升。④生态系统服务之间均存在明显的协同作用,经济发展情景下的协同关系最显著;西南和东北区域主要表现为协同关系,局部区域表现为权衡关系。研究结果可为快速城市化区域生态系统功能调控和生态安全格局构建提供一定的思路。     

广西黑叶猴栖息地景观格局破碎化分析及其对种群的影响

黑叶猴(Trachypithecus francoisi)是仅分布于喀斯特石山生境的珍稀濒危灵长类动物。由于非法捕杀和人类活动干扰,其种群数量正在急剧减少。同时,随着森林砍伐和土地开垦的加速,其栖息地严重破碎化。因此,了解栖息地破碎化对黑叶猴种群的影响对于保护这一珍稀濒危物种具有重要意义。基于遥感影像、土地利用数据以及黑叶猴种群调查数据,通过Fragstats软件开展广西黑叶猴栖息地景观破碎化分析,并通过相关性和多元逐步回归分析,探讨了景观格局对广西黑叶猴种群数量的影响。结果表明：(1)广西黑叶猴栖息地呈现破碎化严峻、斑块形状复杂化、斑块团聚程度较弱且分散化的现象;栖息地以林地景观占据重要优势,但人为景观的干扰十分强烈;在不同地区中,生境破碎化程度、人为干扰强度以及景观配置均呈现不同的特征,其中扶绥地区人为干扰最为强烈,德保地区的景观块数破碎化程度较为严重,而龙州地区的人为干扰程度最小,其森林景观最为聚集。(2)蔓延度指数、平均斑块分维指数、林地面积、林地斑块大小、裸岩面积和裸岩面积比重等景观指数与黑叶猴种群数量有显著正向关系,Shannon多样性指数则是显著负向关系;而耕地面积、耕地...     

Prediction of Leisure‐time Physical Activity Among Obese Individuals

The aims of this study were to identify (i) what cognitions predict leisure‐time physical activity and (ii) the moderators of cognition‐behavior relationships among obese individuals. A sample of 91 adults (BMI ≥30 kg/m²) completed a baseline questionnaire assessing variables of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Biological measures and socio‐demographic variables were also obtained. Behavior was assessed 3 months later. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses indicated that significant variables predicting behavior were past behavior (β = 0.39; P = 0.0001), intention (β = 0.27; P = 0.03), and the interaction term “perceived behavioral control (PBC) × perceived built environment” (β = 0.17; P = 0.05). The PBC‐behavior relation was better when the built environment was perceived as favorable to physical activity. The model explained 41% of variance in behavior. The determinants explaining intention were PBC (β = 0.55; P < 0.0001), anticipated regret (β = 0.26; P = 0.0007), and past behavior (β = 0.22; P = 0.005), accounting for 59% of variance. Participation in leisure‐time physical activity is explained primarily by a person's intentions to perform this behavior. The results also suggest that people are more able to translate their perception of control into action if they perceive the built environment as favorable, although this additional gain in prediction is small relative to intention. Nonetheless, both cognitions and aspects of the built environment should be given consideration in the promotion of leisure‐time physical activity among obese individuals.     

神木市生态安全格局构建与生态问题定量诊断

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展是重大的国家战略,县域生态安全格局构建与生态问题定量诊断是实施生态保护修复的最基本单元。以神木市为研究对象,首先,基于电路理论构建神木市生态安全格局,将识别出的生态夹点、生态障碍点和低质量生态空间作为生态修复关键区域;其次,通过构建生态问题指标体系,在生态修复关键区域内定量化诊断现存生态问题;最后,通过生态问题指数(EPI)测算结果划定生态修复分区。研究表明：(1)神木市生态源地面积为411.64km²,以草地为主,主要分布在中部、东部和南部地区,源间生态廊道共63条,总长度约610.71km,中部地区的生态廊道较东南部密度大。(2)基于生态安全格局识别的生态修复关键区域包括生态夹点415个,面积达30.55km²;生态障碍点341个,面积共计25.72km²;低质量生态空间面积为1043.73km²。(3)生态修复关键区域内土壤侵蚀主要以微度侵蚀为主;地质灾害多发于采矿区以及黄土丘陵沟壑区;水源涵养低值区主要分布在低质量生态空间;林地和草地的退化程度呈现东部较中部和西南...     

基于土地利用变化的喀斯特断陷盆地景观格局演变与生态安全评价

喀斯特地区生态重要性与脆弱性并存,研究喀斯特断陷盆地景观生态安全格局演变对当地土地利用高效管理和生态修复具有重要意义。以云南、四川、贵州三省交界处的喀斯特断陷盆地为研究对象,基于2000-2020年土地利用数据,通过构建土地利用转移矩阵、计算景观格局指数和景观生态安全指数,系统分析土地利用、景观格局与景观生态安全水平的时空演变特征。结果如下：（1）林地、草地、耕地是研究区主要土地利用类型,面积占比超过96%。土地利用变化主要发生在2005-2010年和2015-2020年,空间上表现出整体稳定而局部变化剧烈的特点,以退耕还林还草和林地向草地转换为主,耕地面积在过去20年共减少了386.62 km²。（2）景观多样性与均匀度上升,景观蔓延度下降。林地的最大斑块面积比例下降而草地上升,多数用地的斑块密度上升而集聚度下降,土地利用结构整体优化,但破碎化趋势明显,尤其是林地、耕地和草地。此外,建设用地呈连片化扩张。（3）景观生态安全水平明显提升,一般安全及以上安全区面积占比由2000年的62.35%上升到2020年的98.11%。在石漠化治理和生态保护的推动下,南部的生态安全水平大幅提高,推动空间格局从"北高南低"逐步转向"南北相对均衡"。景观生态安全水平的空间集聚性明显,高-高值集聚区主要在北部而低-低值集聚区主要在南部,需进一步推动北部生态保护以保障其生态屏障功能的发挥,并加强南部生态修复来提升其生态安全水平。此外,需持续推进石漠化治理并合理调控当地经济发展与生态保护间的关系,来维持生态安全水平的长期稳定。     

海南岛东北部土地利用与生态系统服务价值空间自相关格局分析

土地利用/覆被变化是全球环境变化的重要原因,对生态系统服务价值空间分布格局有直接影响。以海南岛东北部为研究对象,基于遥感影像数据,应用空间自相关理论定量探讨了土地利用与生态系统服务价值的空间自相关格局和分布特征,并运用双变量空间自相关分析两者之间的空间响应规律。结果表明:2016年海南岛东北部生态系统服务功能总价值为132.09亿元,其中林地构成生态系统服务功能价值的主体,而湿地的单位生态系统服务价值最高。土地利用类型具有显著的空间自相关性(P0.05),不同土地利用类型所表现的空间聚集或异常的区域及范围明显不同,以建设用地和林地的空间聚集性最强。研究区生态系统服务价值在空间上呈显著的正相关性(P0.05),高值区明显聚集于海岸带、东寨港和清澜港红树林一带,低值区集中在海口城区、文昌北部农耕区域;土地利用程度与生态系统服务价值呈空间负相关关系(P0.05),且具有明显的空间溢出效应。根据研究结论建议继续实施生态修复与保护政策,优化土地利用结构,提升生态核心的服务价值,实现区域可持续发展和维护生态安全。     

喀斯特石漠化区生态保护红线划定——以贵州省威宁县为例

科学划定喀斯特石漠化区生态保护红线,对于维护区域生态安全,促进经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。选择水源涵养、水土保持、生物多样性维护3种生态系统服务功能以及水土流失、石漠化2种生态环境敏感性指标,构建喀斯特石漠化区生态保护红线划定方法。以贵州省威宁县为例,结合第二次全国土地调查数据和相关规划等数据,划定生态保护红线,并从生态用地、植被覆盖度与人类扰动指数三个方面评价划定效果。结果表明：（1）威宁县生态系统综合服务功能以极重要为主,占研究区总面积的40.57%。生态环境综合敏感性以敏感为主,占总面积的67.86%。优化调整后生态保护红线面积1496.13 km²,占全县面积的23.75%,红线内生态用地面积占比高于非生态用地面积占比20%以上。（2）近些年贵州省退耕还林、岩溶地区石漠化综合治理和草海自然保护区生态修复等工程的实施,威宁县植被覆盖显著增加,红线内NDVI基本不变区、轻微改善区和明显改善区面积占比达到88.42%,红线范围内植被覆盖呈增加趋势。（3）红线内人类扰动指数低于红线外人类扰动指数,雪山镇、麻乍镇需控制红线范围内人类扰动,确保生态用地性质不改变,加强生态保护和监管。威宁县生态保护红线划定研究可为其他石漠化地区红线划定及划定效果评价提供参考。