青藏高原东南部察隅河流域种子植物区系研究

在野外植被调查、标本采集和资料查询整理的基础上,汇总了察隅河流域种子植物名录,并对流域内植物物种的组成、优势科属、区系地理成分及性质进行分析。运用R语言在属水平上与其周边16个地区的植物区系进行聚类及主成分分析,探讨察隅河流域种子植物区系与其他区系之间的关系。结果表明：(1)察隅河流域共含种子植物138科、689属、2 771种(含变种),其中裸植子物4科12属56种,被子植物134科677属2 715种,被子植物中双子叶植物112科531属2 270种占绝对优势。(2)区内地理成分联系广泛,科的区系划分除世界分布类型外,热带分布型53科(55.21%),温带分布型43科(44.79%);属的区系划分中所有类型均有分布,温带分布型396属(62.07%),热带分布型230属(36.05%);属的分布型与科相比具有更明显的温带性质;植物种类丰富度高但特有成分低,无特有科,仅含12特有属。(3)流域内植被垂直地带性分布较为明显,保留了较多古老孑遗植物,如裸子植物的西藏红豆杉(Taxus wallichiana)、察隅冷杉(Abies chayuensis)和云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)等;由于青藏高原的上升运动,成为杜鹃花属(Rhododendron)、虎耳草属(Saxifraga)、龙胆属(Gentiana)和报春花属(Primula)等新生高山植物区系成分分化繁衍的摇篮。(4)察隅河植物区系属喜马拉雅山南侧热带成分向温带成分过渡的区系性质,与珠峰自然保护区植物区系更为相似。     

缅甸树萝卜和深裂树萝卜，老挝杜鹃花科植物二新记录种

报道了老挝杜鹃花科树萝卜属2新记录种:缅甸树萝卜(Agapetes megacarpa W. W. Smith)和深裂树萝卜(A. lobbii C. B.Clarke),前者分布于老挝琅勃拉邦省(Luang Prabang Province),后者分布于万象省(Vientiane Province),凭证标本保存在俄罗斯科马洛夫植物研究院标本馆(LE)。提供了每种的凭证标本、分布信息和彩色照片,分别利用繁殖器官性状和营养器官性状编制了老挝3种树萝卜属植物的检索表。     

Aquatic plants diversity in arid zones of Northwest China: patterns, threats and conservation

We investigated aquatic plant diversity by conducting the field investigation and collecting the published data in the arid regions of Northwest China. Two hundred and twenty four taxa of vascular aquatic plants representing 64 genera and 34 families occur in this area, 8.48% of which are endemic. Among these, 1 genus and 6 species were new state records and 1 family, 9 genera and 29 species were new area records. Typhaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Juncaginaceae and Haloragaceae were the most frequent families (considering relative frequency of occurrence), whereas Cyperaceae, Potamogetonaceae and Ranuncnlaceae are the most species-rich. The most frequent genera were Typha, Potamogeton, and Triglochin, and the most species-rich were Potamogeton, Eleocharis and Scirpus. The most frequent species are Triglochin palustre, Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton pectinatus and Typha angustifolia. Aquatic plants diversity is distributed unevenly in the region. The maximum species occurs in Dzungarian basin while the least species in Hexi corridor. The aquatic flora in arid zone of China is not distinctive although some endemic species are found, most species are widely distributed. Local aquatic plants diversity can be influenced by many factors such as hydrological alteration, habitat loss, over-grazing, high human population pressure, global climate change, an inappropriate economic development policy. Among them, the largest threat to aquatic plants biodiversity may be habitat loss due to hydrological alteration. In order to conserve the aquatic plants biological resources and biodiversity in this region, some strategies and measures must be suggested including strengthening scientific research and biodiversity education in the local people, balancing economic development and ecological conservation, and enhancing governmental assistance and subsidy to the local residents.     

云南被子植物新资料

植物资源调查是探讨系统发育、植物区系进化历史和亲缘关系的基础,是我国植物研究工作的重要任务之一,虽然我国在植物资源调查方面有了丰富的积累,并以《中国植物志》和各地方植物志为代表,但部分偏远地区的植物资源状况仍然缺乏数据。该研究通过形态特征比较分析,发现云南省被子植物新记录3种,即柳叶黄肉楠(Actinodaphne lecomtei C. K. Allen)原分布于四川、贵州、广东(乳源)、广西,云南省丘北县为其新记录点;八角樟(Cinnamomum ilicioides A. Chevalier)原分布于中国的广东、海南、广西和越南北部,云南省西双版纳傣族自治州勐腊县为其新记录点;贵州山核桃(Carya kweichowensis Kuang A. M. Lu ex Chang et Lu)原分布于贵州安龙、望谟、册亨、兴义等,云南省丘北县为其新记录点。柳叶黄肉楠和八角樟在云南的新分布点是对我国樟科薄弱地带的补充,为分析滇产原始种类对相关属的起源发生和中国樟科分类学研究提供了新材料;贵州山核桃在物种层面上对确定贵州山核桃与喙核桃(Annamocarya sinensis)两者之间的联系提供了新的案例,并为云南发展山核桃(Carya cathayensis)生产提供了种质资源。     

CHROMOSOME STUDIES IN THE ALPINE AND SUBALPINE FLORAS OF MEXICO AND GUATEMALA

Beaman , J. H. (Michigan State U., East Lansing), D. C. D. De Jong , and W. P. Stoutamire . Chromosome studies in the alpine and subalpine floras of Mexico and Guatemala. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(1): 41–50. Illus. 1962.—Chromosome counts of 101 collections representing 69 species in 42 genera and 22 families have been obtained. Counts are reported for the first time in 59 species and 2 genera (Oreobroma and Villadia). Counts establishing new basic numbers were found in Draba, Lithospermum, and possibly in Arenaria. Where pertinent, the chromosomal data are related to previous taxonomic or chromosomal investigations. Chromosome numbers are now known in nearly half of the species in the alpine flora of Mexico.     

New species of Peliosanthes,Rohdea and Tupistra (Asparagaceae) from Laos and Vietnam

We describe and illustrate four new species, Peliosanthes choriandra, P. tatianae and Tupistra orlovii from central to northern Laos, and Rohdea filosa from northern Vietnam. These are all very local in distribution and endemic to the respective countries. We also report new localities and their ecological conditions for five other species of Peliosanthes (P. argenteostriata, P. hirsuta, P. irinae, P. micrantha and P. nivea) recently described from Laos and/or Vietnam. Furthermore, Peliosanthes nivea is recorded as new to the flora of Laos.     

尧山国家级自然保护区种子植物区系研究

为探讨尧山国家级自然保护区种子植物区系性质、特征,对尧山国家级自然保护区种子植物区系进行了调查分析。结果表明,尧山共有种子植物132科698属1 978种,包括裸子植物5科8属10种,被子植物127科690属1 968种。科的地理成分以热带分布略占优势,为53.57%,温带成分占44.05%,而属以温带成分占明显优势,占比69.76%,热带性属仅占25.76%,表明热带成分在尧山已不占优势,尧山区系呈现出明显的热带性向温带性过度特征。尧山共分布中国特有属28属,其中木本属有11属,如银杏属(Ginkgo)、杜仲属(Eucommia)、青钱柳属(Cyclocarya)等,仅分布1种及少数种的属占比高达87.25%,包含单型属45属,体现出尧山植物区系的古老、残遗性质。尧山与邻近地区(宝天曼、鸡公山、天目山)的区系组成均呈现出温带性,并以尧山温带成分占比最高。总体上,尧山区系呈现出明显的温带性,在区系来源上主要为华东成分,并受到华北、华中成分的渗透。本研究为尧山地区植物资源的可持续利用、珍稀濒危植物的评估和保护管理等提供科学依据。     

江西九岭山脉种子植物区系研究

九岭山脉植物区系发生历史悠久,对研究我国早期种子植物演化、动植物迁徙、物种分布格局均具有重要作用.为探讨九岭山脉种子植物区系成因和濒危保护植物的保护利用,该文通过野外调查、标本采集和鉴定,结合经典植物地理学方法,对该山脉种子植物区系进行了研究.结果表明:(1)九岭山脉共有野生种子植物211科956属2928种,占江西种...     

三明格氏栲保护区种子植物区系特点及其地理意义

为弄清广西境内马褂木( Liriodendron chinense)天然群体的遗传多样性及分布情况,该研究运用ISSR分子标记,对广西境内现存的6个野生马褂木种群进行遗传多样性分析及评价。结果表明：广西马褂木群体具有较丰富的遗传多样性,6个参试群体的平均(及总体)有效等位基因数( Ne)、Nei’ s 基因多样度( H)和Shannon信息指数(I)分别为1.4541(1.6337)、0.2576(0.3633)和0.3786(0.5293);群体间存在基因流动但水平有限( Nm＝1.2184),使群体间存在较高遗传分化( Gst ＝0.2910);聚类分析( UPGMA)将6个天然群体分为东部(全州QZ、资源ZY及融水老堡RS￣L)、西部(融水安太RS￣A、环江HJ及乐业LY)两组,其中东部组具有较低遗传多样性及较高的遗传分化,可能受到较强的人为干扰;Mantel检验表明群体间符合距离隔离模式( R＝0.545, P＝0.043),表明人为破坏导致的生境碎片化是造成广西马褂木天然群体遗传分化的重要原因。针对广西马褂木天然群体较丰富的遗传多样性及较高的遗传分化,除了考虑对遗传多样性较高群体(如RS￣A及HJ)进行原地保护外,宜对各群体采集种子或穗条,统一营建基因资源收集区,以供后续育种及生产利用。     

Does chromosome number count? Mapping karyological knowledge on Italian flora in a phylogenetic framework

Italian vascular flora is highly representative of the Euro-Mediterranean area, because the region includes high mountain territories, temperate areas, and regions dominated by the Mediterranean climate. Chromosome number information about the Italian flora stored in the online database Chrobase.it includes 6,756 records, referable to 3,539 cytotypes and 2,785 accepted species and subspecies (approx. 35% of the national flora). Appropriate queries to Chrobase.it enabled us to map chromosome numbers, at order rank, in a robust phylogenetic framework, derived from APGIII and other recent phylogenetic studies on vascular plants. Similar work was conducted for selected families and genera. Chromosome number data were available for 41 out of 80 vascular plant orders (51%) currently recognized world-wide and 107 out of 428 families (25%), represented by 661 genera (4.5%). The large number of records enabled us to compute the mean chromosome number for each taxon, and to highlight significant differences among all orders and among subsets of families and genera. For each taxon, we analysed the variability in chromosome number by use of common statistical methods, and computed the frequency of chromosome numbers, the coefficient of variation of chromosome number (CV_CN), the frequency of B-chromosomes (fB), and that of odd chromosome numbers (fOCN). The phylogenetic relevance of our results is discussed and the usefulness of basic karyological data, often neglected in current phylogenetic studies, is stressed.     

江西九连山常绿阔叶林群落区系特征分析

采用群落生态学的方法对九连山常绿阔叶林的区系组成进行了分析。样地调查结果表明,群落内种类丰富,种子植物共有144科379属647种,其中裸子植物有6科8属9种,单子叶植物21科77属116种,双子叶植物117科294属522种。九连山常绿阔叶林群落的主要表征科为壳斗科、樟科、冬青科、蔷薇科、厚皮香科、山茶科、茜草科、桑科、大戟科等,且多为热带或亚热带科。从样地科的分布型统计看,热带、亚热带与温带成分属的比例为100∶62.8。从属的分布型统计看,有205属热带、亚热带地理分布类型;131属温带地理分布类型,35属世界广布类型和8属中国特有分布类型;热带、亚热带与温带成分的属比例为100∶63.9。九连山常绿阔叶林群落的标志种及其区系组成均较好地反映了本地区热带、亚热带区系成分的组合特征,对于九连山自然保护区天然常绿阔叶林的保护与发展具有重要的参考价值。     

陕西省种子植物区系新记录

报道了陕西省种子植物区系2新记录属[茜草科(Rubiaceae)的虎刺属(Damnacanthus Gaertn.f.),桔梗科(Campanulaceae)的刺萼参属(Echinocodon Hong)],3新记录种[四川虎刺(Damnacanthus officinarum Huang),刺萼参(Echinocodon lobophyllus Hong)及报春花科(Primulaceae)的异花珍珠菜Lysimachia crispidens(Hance)Hemsl.]。     

大兴安岭南部山地苔藓植物区系多样性研究

于2009～2012年对大兴安岭南部山地6个自然保护区的苔藓植物进行了野外实地调查,对所采集的1 800余号标本进行室内分析鉴定,并计算分析其种类组成、区系地理成分、地区之间相似性系数和相异系数的欧氏距离比较,及其8种生境中苔藓植物多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数等,为保护区的管理和建设提供基础资料。结果表明:(1)大兴安岭南部山地6个自然保护区共有苔藓植物48科,134属,330种,其中苔类16科,21属,38种,1变种;藓类32科,113属,274种,14变种,2变型,1亚种。(2)首次发现中国新记录4种:长柄紫萼藓(Grimmia longirostris Hook.),毛尖连轴藓[Schistidium lancifolium(Kindb.)Blom.],平叶真藓(Bryumlaevifilum Syed.),凹叶毛灰藓[Homomallium adnatum(Hedw.)Broth.],首次发现本地区新记录12种。(3)以丛藓科为代表的旱生藓类在本区占有优势地位;区系地理成分以温带成分(60.79%)和东亚成分(16.19%)为主。(4)大兴安岭南部山地与兴安北部和燕山北部山地亲缘关系较近;生境条件的变化对苔藓植物多样性产生了一定的影响,湿润土生和石生生境为本区苔藓植物最丰富的生境,水生生境中苔藓植物分布最少。研究发现,大兴安岭南部山地苔藓植物区系是连接华北区、东北区、蒙新区和阴山地区的过渡性地带;与燕山北部和兴安北部相比,大兴安岭南部山地大面积苔藓植物地被层分布较少的主要原因是森林密度和湿度较低。因此,建立保护区对保护大兴安岭南部山地脆弱的森林、草原过渡生态系统,保护中国野生动植物类群及其他珍稀动植物的繁衍均具有十分重要的意义。     

A new check-list of the mosses of Turkey

Abstract

The check-list includes a list of genera, species, subspecies and varieties of Turkish mosses. It is composed of 726 species, subspecies and varieties representing 164 genera and 42 families. Accompanying the lists are a systematic arrangement of the genera, species and varieties and lists of synonyms, excluded species and of annotations. Three mosses, Pseudoleskeella rupestris (Berggr.) Hedenäs & L. Söderstr., Isothecium myosuroides Brid. var. brachythecioides (Dixon) C.E.O. Jensen, Eurhynchium hians (Hedw.) Sande. Lac. var. rigidum (Boulay) J.-P. Frahm are recorded as new for the moss flora of Turkey.     

医巫闾山自然保护区苔藓植物区系成分与地理分布特征研究

首次报导了辽宁医巫闾山自然保护区的苔藓植物, 计28 科31 属129 种, 其中东北地区新记录3 种, 辽宁省新记录1 种, 就其在保护区的分布特征、区系成分和地理分布进行分析讨论。     

Notes on the diatomaceae from Ahmedabad and its environs — VI. On some diatoms from fountain reservoir of Seth Sarabhai's garden

Summary In conclusion, the present study reveals that the algal flora and particularly the diatoms are richly developed in the type of habitat hitherto investigated under conditions broadly stated in the introduction. This observation is supported by the fact that as many as 101 diatoms representing 20 of the commonly available fresh water genera, are recorded in two small samples from such a small body of water, besides several unicellular, colonial and filamentous forms of algae.Of the diatom content noted here, analysis shows that a large bulk of them was fairly represented and the genera Nitschia and Navicula appeared prominent. Further, 6 diatoms which make here new records for India, extend their further range of geographical distribution and three new species are added to science. The qualitative frequency data is also being expressed in the introduction.     

西藏色季拉山蕨类植物资源特征

为了摸清色季拉山蕨类植物资源的种类和资源特征,为该区蕨类开发利用提供依据。该研究通过查阅《西藏植物志》和标本,结合色季拉山多年植物调查名录,对该区野生蕨类植物进行统计分析,并对其用途进行了描述。结果显示:(1)色季拉山共有蕨类植物资源29科、57属、196种(包括变种和变型),分别占西藏蕨类植物总科、属、种的65.91%、45.24%、41.70%;优势科为鳞毛蕨科(3属/50种)、水龙骨科(9属/31种)、蹄盖蕨科(7属/22种)、中国蕨科(6属/14种),优势属为鳞毛蕨属(27种)、耳蕨属(19种)。(2)色季拉山蕨类植物的地理成分以热带类型的科和属占优势(分别占非世界分布科、属的80.00%、68.18%),具有明显的热带性质;生态分布类型以陆生为主(118种,占60.20%),其次为附生(45种,占22.96%)。(3)色季拉山共有药用蕨类植物66种,且以清热药种类最多(30种);观赏蕨类植物共有71种(其中新增加23种);食用蕨类植物共有14种,且多以嫩叶或嫩茎或根状茎为食;少数蕨类还具有指示、工业原料、饲料和绿肥等方面的作用。研究表明,色季拉山蕨类植物资源种类丰富,在西藏蕨类植物区系中占很大比例,具有很高的开发利用价值。     

Karyological knowledge of the Italian vascular flora as inferred by the analysis of “Chrobase.it”

Abstract

Chromosome number knowledge of the Italian vascular flora is stored in the online database Chrobase.it, which includes 6723 records, referable to 3428 taxa, 2799 accepted species and subspecies (about 35% of the national flora), and 3410 different chromosome countings (cytotypes). Appropriate queries to Chrobase.it allowed us to calculate mean, modal and median chromosome numbers for the Italian vascular flora, for geographical subgroups (islands, south, centre, north) and for selected orders, families and genera. Chromosome number data were available for 41 out of 55 orders (74%) and 107 out of 428 families (67%), represented by 664 out of 1297 genera (51%). The most studied administrative regions are Sicily (844 taxa), Tuscany (592 taxa), and Sardinia (390 taxa), while the most studied families are Asteraceae (465 taxa), Fabaceae (266 taxa), Brassicaceae (158 taxa), and Poaceae (144 taxa). Chromosome numbers range from 2n = 6, occurring in several species of Hypochaeris (Asteraceae), to 2n = 240, occurring in Ophioglossum (Ophioglossaceae), Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) and Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) (mode is 2n = 18, and median is 2n = 24). Chromosome number variability was analyzed by frequencies (linear plots) and ANOVA, resulting in significant differences among geographical groups (mean chromosome number increasing from islands-south to centre-north) and selected taxa. B-chromosomes occur in 5.3% of data (148 taxa) and their number is not significantly different among geographical areas, while they occur only in 14 orders, 17 families, and 56 genera. The number of B-chromosomes ranges from 1 to 13 (mode = 1, median = 2).     

梵净山种子植物区系特征及植物地理学意义

梵净山为地处云贵高原向湘西丘陵过渡斜坡区,是武陵山脉的最高主峰,面积约为77 514 hm~2。该研究针对当地野生种子植物区系的问题,主要通过对种子植物科属种水平的地理成分、区系古老性、区系过渡性等区系特征进行了统计和分析。结果表明:(1)该区物种丰富、地理成分复杂,共有野生种子植物163科843属2 584种,中国特有种1 010种(含梵净山特有种46种),其中属的热带、温带地理成分比例相当,热带成分略占优势。(2)该区植物起源古老,保存有梵净山特有裸子植物梵净山冷杉、长苞铁杉、粗榧、水青树、伯乐树、领春木等大量古老树种。(3)该区与临近区系交汇、渗透现象明显、过渡性质突出,经初步确定以梵净山为典型分布边界点的植物共有120科197属288种,分别有103种、62种、87种、36种以梵净山地区为分布的北界、南界、东界和西界,即梵净山更多的阻碍了热带、亚热带植物的北迁和中国—喜马拉雅成分的东扩。(4)该区常绿树种与落叶树种并茂发育,热带成分与温带成分竞争激烈。因此,梵净山在中国植物区系甚至东亚植物区系中具有非常重要的意义。     

皖西大别山北坡苔藓植物区系

该研究于2019-2021年4次对安徽大别山北坡进行苔藓植物野外考察和标本采集,对采集到的1 517份标本鉴定以及文献整理,统计分析该区苔藓植物物种组成、区系地理组成;并与华东、华中、华北等地的苔藓植物区系地理组成进行比较,以明确大别山北坡苔藓植物区系的归属问题。结果表明：(1)安徽大别山北坡共有苔藓植物80科180属482种(包括种以下单位);该次调查增加了12科40属206种,其中安徽省新记录种9个。(2)发现受威胁苔藓植物2种——滇西高领藓(Glyphomitrium minutissimum)属于极危(CR),瘤根真藓(Bryum bornholmense)属于易危(VU)。(3)大别山北坡苔藓植物区系拥有3个世界性单种科,14个世界性单种属,且有34个世界性寡种属(2～6种),该区单种属和寡种属(48属)占该区总属数的26.67%,表明该区苔藓植物起源古老。(4)大别山北坡苔藓植物区系地理成分复杂多样,以北温带成分(26.43%)和东亚成分(24.89%)为主,热带亚洲成分(14.54%)次之。(5)安徽大别山北坡苔藓植物区系与华东(西天目山、清凉峰、阳际峰)区系的关系最为密...