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1.
Thais Freitas da Silva Renata Estebanez Vollú Joana Montezano Marques Joana Falcão Salles Lucy Seldin 《Plant and Soil》2017,414(1-2):69-79
Background
The fungus Colletotrichum is a plant pathogen that causes the anthracnose disease, resulting in huge losses in various crops including the rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Although the bacterial community associated with plants has an important role in the establishment of plant diseases, little is known about what happens in P. graveolens.Aims
To increase the knowledge about the bacterial community associated with P. graveolens and its relationship with anthracnose disease symptoms.Methods
Quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing were combined to determine the presence of the fungus Colletotrichum and to reveal the bacterial communities associated with different plant parts – root, stem and leaf – and in the rhizosphere and bulk soil, and also to determine the respective bacterial communities associated with P. graveolens leaves symptomatic and asymptomatic for anthracnose disease.Results
The fungus Colletotrichum was detected in all plant parts and in the surrounding soil. Bacterial communities varied spatially in plants, and the disease symptoms also influenced the composition of the bacterial community. Abundances of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria and to the genus Streptococcus were greatly increased in asymptomatic leaves.Conclusions
The bacterial community associated to geranium leaves responds to anthracnose symptoms.2.
Renato de Souza Pinto Lemgruber Kaspar Valgepea Mark P. Hodson Ryan Tappel Sean D. Simpson Michael Köpke Lars K. Nielsen Esteban Marcellin 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(3):35
Introduction
Quantification of tetrahydrofolates (THFs), important metabolites in the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (WLP) of acetogens, is challenging given their sensitivity to oxygen.Objective
To develop a simple anaerobic protocol to enable reliable THFs quantification from bioreactors.Methods
Anaerobic cultures were mixed with anaerobic acetonitrile for extraction. Targeted LC–MS/MS was used for quantification.Results
Tetrahydrofolates can only be quantified if sampled anaerobically. THF levels showed a strong correlation to acetyl-CoA, the end product of the WLP.Conclusion
Our method is useful for relative quantification of THFs across different growth conditions. Absolute quantification of THFs requires the use of labelled standards.3.
Nadine Strehmel David Strunk Veronika Strehmel 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):135
Introduction
Aqueous–methanol mixtures have successfully been applied to extract a broad range of metabolites from plant tissue. However, a certain amount of material remains insoluble.Objectives
To enlarge the metabolic compendium, two ionic liquids were selected to extract the methanol insoluble part of trunk from Betula pendula.Methods
The extracted compounds were analyzed by LC/MS and GC/MS.Results
The results show that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (IL-Ac) predominantly resulted in fatty acids, whereas 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate (IL-Tos) mostly yielded phenolic structures. Interestingly, bark yielded more ionic liquid soluble metabolites compared to interior wood.Conclusion
From this one can conclude that the application of ionic liquids may expand the metabolic snapshot.4.
Korey J. Brownstein Mahmoud Gargouri William R. Folk David R. Gang 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):133
Introduction
Botanicals containing iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides are used worldwide for the treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions that are primary causes of human years lived with disability, such as arthritis and lower back pain.Objectives
We report the analysis of candidate anti-inflammatory metabolites of several endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus used medicinally by peoples of North America.Methods
Leaves, stems, and roots were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed in MetaboAnalyst 3.0 after processing the datasets in Progenesis QI.Results
Comparison of the datasets revealed significant and differential accumulation of iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides in the tissues of the endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus.Conclusions
Our investigation identified several species of pharmacological interest as good sources for harpagoside and other important anti-inflammatory metabolites.5.
Thijs Welle Anna T. Hoekstra Ineke A. J. J. M. Daemen Celia R. Berkers Matheus O. Costa 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(7):83
Introduction
Swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is a production limiting disease in pig farming. Currently antimicrobial therapy is the only treatment and control method available.Objective
The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolic response of porcine colon explants to infection by B. hyodysenteriae.Methods
Porcine colon explants exposed to B. hyodysenteriae were analyzed for histopathological, metabolic and pro-inflammatory gene expression changes.Results
Significant epithelial necrosis, increased levels of l-citrulline and IL-1α were observed on explants infected with B. hyodysenteriae.Conclusions
The spirochete induces necrosis in vitro likely through an inflammatory process mediated by IL-1α and NO.6.
Xinchang Kou Tongqing Su Ningning Ma Qi Li Peng Wang Zhengfang Wu Wenju Liang Weixin Cheng 《Plant and Soil》2018,422(1-2):129-134
Background
Seeds host bacterial inhabitants but only a limited knowledge is available on which taxa inhabit seed, which niches could be colonized, and what the routes of colonization are.Scope
Within this commentary, a discussion is provided on seed bacterial inhabitants, their taxa, and from where derive the seed colonizers.Conclusions
Seeds/and grains host specific bacteria deriving from the anthosphere, carposphere, or from cones of gymnosperms and inner tissues of plants after a long colonization from the soil to reproductive organs.7.
Nicholas J. Bond Albert Koulman Julian L. Griffin Zoe Hall 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):128
Introduction
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) experiments result in complex multi-dimensional datasets, which require specialist data analysis tools.Objectives
We have developed massPix—an R package for analysing and interpreting data from MSI of lipids in tissue.Methods
massPix produces single ion images, performs multivariate statistics and provides putative lipid annotations based on accurate mass matching against generated lipid libraries.Results
Classification of tissue regions with high spectral similarly can be carried out by principal components analysis (PCA) or k-means clustering.Conclusion
massPix is an open-source tool for the analysis and statistical interpretation of MSI data, and is particularly useful for lipidomics applications.8.
Background
Polyhydroxyalkanoates are a good substitute for synthetic plastic because they are highly biocompatible, ecofriendly, and biodegradable. Bacteria in freshwater bodies such as rivers, tube wells, and canals are exposed to alternating high and low concentrations of substrates that induce PHA production.Methods
Fresh water samples were collected for isolation of bacterial strains. Screening of PHA in bacterial cells was performed with Sudan and Nile Red staining. Extracted PHA was characterized by FTIR.Results
In this study, nine bacterial isolates were selected for PHA production on the basis of phenotypic screening. Their ability to accumulate PHAs was determined using different monosaccharides and disaccharides. Two bacterial isolates Bacillus cereus T1 (KY746353) and Bacillus cereus R3 (KY746354) produced PHAs. Optimal growth of the bacterial strain (T1) was observed in the presence of glucose, followed by maximum production of PHAs (63% PHAs) during the logarithmic phase of growth. B. cereus R3 (KY746354) accumulated 60% PHAs by dry cell weight.Conclusion
PHA accumulation was relatively less with fructose, but both strains showed increased production (up to 50%) with sucrose. The polymer produced was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which showed that the compound contains short-chain PHAs.9.
Mohamed Elshikh Syed Ahmed Scott Funston Paul Dunlop Mark McGaw Roger Marchant Ibrahim M. Banat 《Biotechnology letters》2016,38(6):1015-1019
Objectives
To develop and validate a microdilution method for measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of biosurfactants.Results
A standardized microdilution method including resazurin dye has been developed for measuring the MIC of biosurfactants and its validity was established through the replication of tetracycline and gentamicin MIC determination with standard bacterial strains.Conclusion
This new method allows the generation of accurate MIC measurements, whilst overcoming critical issues related to colour and solubility which may interfere with growth measurements for many types of biosurfactant extracts.10.
N. Cesbron A.-L. Royer Y. Guitton A. Sydor B. Le Bizec G. Dervilly-Pinel 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(8):99
Introduction
Collecting feces is easy. It offers direct outcome to endogenous and microbial metabolites.Objectives
In a context of lack of consensus about fecal sample preparation, especially in animal species, we developed a robust protocol allowing untargeted LC-HRMS fingerprinting.Methods
The conditions of extraction (quantity, preparation, solvents, dilutions) were investigated in bovine feces.Results
A rapid and simple protocol involving feces extraction with methanol (1/3, M/V) followed by centrifugation and a step filtration (10 kDa) was developed.Conclusion
The workflow generated repeatable and informative fingerprints for robust metabolome characterization.11.
Tie-juan Shao Zhi-xing He Zhi-jun Xie Hai-chang Li Mei-jiao Wang Cheng-ping Wen 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(4):70
Introduction
The differences in fecal metabolome between ankylosing spondylitis (AS)/rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy individuals could be the reason for an autoimmune disorder.Objectives
The study explored the fecal metabolome difference between AS/RA patients and healthy controls to clarify human immune disturbance.Methods
Fecal samples from 109 individuals (healthy controls 34, AS 40, and RA 35) were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Data were analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant (OPLS-DA) analysis.Results
Significant differences in the fecal metabolic profiles could distinguish AS/RA patients from healthy controls but could not distinguish between AS and RA patients. The significantly decreased metabolites in AS/RA patients were butyrate, propionate, methionine, and hypoxanthine. Significantly increased metabolites in AS/RA patients were taurine, methanol, fumarate, and tryptophan.Conclusion
The metabolome variations in feces indicated AS and RA were two homologous diseases that could not be distinguished by 1H NMR metabolomics.12.
Background
The protein encoded by the gene ybgI was chosen as a target for a structural genomics project emphasizing the relation of protein structure to function.Results
The structure of the ybgI protein is a toroid composed of six polypeptide chains forming a trimer of dimers. Each polypeptide chain binds two metal ions on the inside of the toroid.Conclusion
The toroidal structure is comparable to that of some proteins that are involved in DNA metabolism. The di-nuclear metal site could imply that the specific function of this protein is as a hydrolase-oxidase enzyme.13.
Zichen?Yang Jian?Sun Xiaofeng?Yang Zhiyuan?Zhang Bangwei?Lou Jian?Xiong Hermann?J?Schluesener Zhiren?Zhang
Background
Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a well-known animal model of human demyelinating polyneuropathies and is characterized by inflammation and demyelination in the peripheral nervous system. Fascin is an evolutionarily highly conserved cytoskeletal protein of 55 kDa containing two actin binding domains that cross-link filamentous actin to hexagonal bundles.Methods
Here we have studied by immunohistochemistry the spatiotemporal accumulation of Fascin?+?cells in sciatic nerves of EAN rats.Results
A robust accumulation of Fascin?+?cell was observed in the peripheral nervous system of EAN which was correlated with the severity of neurological signs in EAN.Conclusion
Our results suggest a pathological role of Fascin in EAN.Virtual slides
The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticphatology.diagnomx.eu/vs/673459345111481114.
Daniel Cañueto Josep Gómez Reza M. Salek Xavier Correig Nicolau Cañellas 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(3):24
Introduction
Adoption of automatic profiling tools for 1H-NMR-based metabolomic studies still lags behind other approaches in the absence of the flexibility and interactivity necessary to adapt to the properties of study data sets of complex matrices.Objectives
To provide an open source tool that fully integrates these needs and enables the reproducibility of the profiling process.Methods
rDolphin incorporates novel techniques to optimize exploratory analysis, metabolite identification, and validation of profiling output quality.Results
The information and quality achieved in two public datasets of complex matrices are maximized.Conclusion
rDolphin is an open-source R package (http://github.com/danielcanueto/rDolphin) able to provide the best balance between accuracy, reproducibility and ease of use.15.
Arshid Yousefi-Avarvand Mohsen Tafaghodi Saman Soleimanpour Farzad Khademi 《生物学前沿》2018,13(4):293-296
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This disease with two million deaths per year has the highest mortality rate among bacterial infections. The only available vaccine against TB is BCG vaccine. BCG is an effective vaccine against TB in childhood, however, due to some limitations, has not proper efficiency in adults. Also, BCG cannot produce an adequately protective response against reactivation of latent infections.Objective
In the present study we will review the most recent findings about contribution of HspX protein in the vaccines against tuberculosis.Methods
Therefore, many attempts have been made to improve BCG or to find its replacement. Most of the subunit vaccines for TB in various phases of clinical trials were constructed as prophylactic vaccines using Mtb proteins expressed in the replicating stage. These vaccines might prevent active TB but not reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). A literature search was performed on various online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) regarding the roles of HspX protein in tuberculosis vaccines.Results
Ideal subunit post-exposure vaccines should target all forms of TB infection, including active symptomatic and dormant (latent) asymptomatic forms. Among these subunit vaccines, HspX is the most important latent phase antigen of M. tuberculosis with a strong immunological response. There are many studies that have evaluated the immunogenicity of this protein to improve TB vaccine.Conclusion
According to the studies, HspX protein is a good candidate for development of subunit vaccines against TB infection.16.
Tanushri Chatterji Suruchi Singh Manodeep Sen Ajai Kumar Singh Pradeep Kumar Maurya Nuzhat Husain Janmejai Kumar Srivastava Sudhir Kumar Mandal Raja Roy 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(8):130
Introduction
Meningitis, a morbidly infectious central nervous system pathology is accompanied by acute inflammation of the meninges, causing raised intracranial pressure linked with serious neurological sequelae.Objective
To observe the variation in the metabolic profile, that may occur in serum and urine along with CSF in adults using 1H NMR spectroscopy, with an attempt of appropriate and timely treatment regimen.Methods
The 1H NMR-based metabolomics has been performed in 115 adult subjects for differentiating bacterial meningitis (BM) and tubercular meningitis (TBM).Results
The discriminant function analysis (DFA) of the three bio-fluids collectively identified 3-hydroxyisovalerate, lactate, glucose, formate, valine, alanine, ketonic bodies, malonate and choline containing compounds (choline and GPC) as significant metabolites among cases versus control group. The differentiation of bacterial meningitis and tuberculous meningitis (BM vs. TBM) can be done on the basis of identification of 3-hydroxyisovalerate, isobutyrate and formate in case of CSF (with a correct classification of 78 %), alanine in serum (correct classification 60 %), valine and acetone in case of urine (correct classification 89.1 %). The NMR spectral bins based orthogonal signal correction principal component analysis score plots of significant metabolites obtained from DFA also provided group classification among cases versus control group in CSF, serum and urine samples. The variable importance in projection scores also identified similar significant metabolites as obtained from DFA, collectively in CSF, serum and urine samples, responsible for differentiation of meningitis.Conclusion
The CSF contained metabolites which are formed during infection and inflammation, and these were also found in significant quantity in serum and urine samples.17.
Manvendra Pratap Singh Mona Saxena Charanjit S. Saimbi Jamal M. Arif Raja Roy 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):137
Introduction
Periodontitis is a chronic, non-reversible inflammatory disease of the oral cavity leading to destruction of periodontal tissues. Thus, the estimation of bacterial metabolite, tissue damage and secretory metabolites of the triggered inflammatory cells likely to yield results. It may be of value for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease by metabolic profiling of saliva samples using high-resolution NMR spectroscopy.Objective
The study will evaluate the difference in salivary metabolites in healthy and periodontal condition along with fetching of possible biomarkers in case of chronic periodontitis.Methods
1H- NMR spectroscopy has been employed in 114 saliva samples in search of distinctive differences and spectral data were further subjected to multivariate analysis.Result
One-hundred metabolites were characterised and assigned in the 1H NMR spectra of saliva. The statistical analysis of control (Healthy subjects) and diseased (Periodontal subjects) using PLS-DA model resulted in R2 of 0.84 and Q2 of 0.79. There was an elevation in the concentration of statistically discriminant metabolites. The twenty newly identified metabolites in saliva indicates bacterial population shift along with change in homeostasis. These disturbs the biofilm, a real protector against any possible bio-damage on tooth surface. These newly identified metabolites could define better geographically diversified periodontal condition.Conclusion
Analysis clearly differentiates healthy subjects from the diseased ones. Few newly identified metabolites along with the pool of metabolites may serve as biomarkers for distinguishing the severity and complexity of periodontitis.18.
Rachel A. Spicer Christoph Steinbeck 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(1):16
Introduction
Data sharing is being increasingly required by journals and has been heralded as a solution to the ‘replication crisis’.Objectives
(i) Review data sharing policies of journals publishing the most metabolomics papers associated with open data and (ii) compare these journals’ policies to those that publish the most metabolomics papers.Methods
A PubMed search was used to identify metabolomics papers. Metabolomics data repositories were manually searched for linked publications.Results
Journals that support data sharing are not necessarily those with the most papers associated to open metabolomics data.Conclusion
Further efforts are required to improve data sharing in metabolomics.19.
Douglas Adams Weiler Sandro José Giacomini Sylvie Recous Leonardo Mendes Bastos Getúlio Elias Pilecco Guilherme Dietrich Celso Aita 《Plant and Soil》2018,429(1-2):213-225
Aims
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are soil-surface communities in drylands, dominated by cyanobacteria, mosses, and lichens. They provide key ecosystem functions by increasing soil stability and influencing soil hydrologic, nutrient, and carbon cycles. Because of this, methods to reestablish biocrusts in damaged drylands are needed. Here we test the reintroduction of field-collected vs. greenhouse-cultured biocrusts for rehabilitation.Methods
We collected biocrusts for 1) direct reapplication, and 2) artificial cultivation under varying hydration regimes. We added field-collected and cultivated biocrusts (with and without hardening treatments) to bare field plots and monitored establishment.Results
Both field-collected and cultivated cyanobacteria increased cover dramatically during the experimental period. Cultivated biocrusts established more rapidly than field-collected biocrusts, attaining ~82% cover in only one year, but addition of field-collected biocrusts led to higher species richness, biomass (as assessed by chlorophyll a) and level of development. Mosses and lichens did not establish well in either case, but late successional cover was affected by hardening and culture conditions.Conclusions
This study provides further evidence that it is possible to culture biocrust components from later successional materials and reestablish cultured organisms in the field. However, more research is needed into effective reclamation techniques.20.
Noriko Ohyama Michiko Torio Kentaro Nakashima Yuuki Koga Shunsuke Kanno Hisanori Nishio Kei Nishiyama Momoko Sasazuki Haru Kato Hiroshi Asakura Satoshi Akamine Masafumi Sanefuji Yoshito Ishizaki Yasunari Sakai Shouichi Ohga 《Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials》2017,16(1):61