首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
4种不同演替阶段森林群落物种组成和多样性的比较研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过空间变化代替时间差异和样方法等手段,对浙江省马尾松林针叶(针叶林)、马尾松针阔叶混交林、中龄常绿阔叶林和近熟常绿阔叶林4种不同演替阶段森林群落的物种组成和多样性、群落间相似性进行了研究。结果表明,23个样地共记录维管植物53科105属170种。随着演替的进行,群落物种数、各层次的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数基本上呈现先下降后上升的趋势,并以针阔叶混交林最低,估计跟先锋物种的消失和后期物种的出现这一更替有关。随着演替的进行,各群落间的Jaccard相似性系数逐渐降低,其中针阔叶混交林和中龄常绿阔叶林之间的相似性系数最高,马尾松与近熟常绿阔叶林之间的相似性系数最低。群落主成分分析也得出相似的结果。群落之间的差异主要体现在物种组成尤其是乔木层的组成上;针阔叶混交林是物种丰富度和物种多样性较低的一个群落,但它与其它群落间的相似性较高,并已储存了常绿阔叶林中的大部分物种,对演替起着承前启后的作用。  相似文献   

2.
    
Cultivation of annual crops in the initial stage of reforestation has been commonly practiced in the tropics. In recent decades, however, cultivation of such areas has been discontinued, resulting in widespread abandoned settlements. In this article we used a former forest village settlement in Kenya, which had been cleared, cultivated and then abandoned, to study how natural vegetation recovers after such disturbances. Species richness, abundance, and composition of tree seedlings, saplings, adult trees, shrubs, and herbs were recorded in different zones, from a heavily degraded zone in the center of the settlement, through less disturbed transition zones (TZs), and in the surrounding secondary forest (SF). Species richness and abundance of tree seedlings, saplings, and adult trees increased gradually from the heavily degraded zone to the SF, whereas shrub and herb richness were the same for TZs and SF and abundance was lowest in the SF. Total species richness was highest in the SF. Some pioneer tree species were highly associated with the TZs, whereas sub‐canopy tree species were associated with the SF. A group of tree species were not particularly associated with any of the four zones. Thus, these species might have good potential as restoration species. The results of our study contribute to the knowledge of natural regeneration in general, and of individual species characterizing the different stages of recovery of abandoned settlements in particular. Such information is urgently needed in designing ecologically sound management strategies for restoring abandoned forest settlements in tropical areas.  相似文献   

3.
四川蜂桶寨国家自然保护区地表甲虫物种多样性   总被引:25,自引:6,他引:25  
在四川雅安蜂桶寨国家自然保护区(102°48′~103°18′ E,30°42′~30°54′ N)及其周边地区,就森林片段化和生态恢复程度的不同,选择4个代表地点,即位于保护区核心地带、以阔叶混交林为主的蜂桶寨天然林区(海拔1680~2080 m),受到经济开发干扰但植被类型丰富的锅巴岩天然林区(海拔2 280~3 340 m)、以人工针叶林进行生态恢复的蚂蝗沟人工林区(海拔2430~2525 m),以及森林高度片段化的双石镇农耕区(海拔870~1 165 m),共设26块样地,以巴氏罐诱法为主研究地表甲虫的群落组成和多样性变化。本研究共采集甲虫标本 2.338 号,隐翅虫数量最多,占39.6%;步甲次之,占29.3%,拟步甲、象甲和叶甲的数量也各在5% 以上,它们共同构成该地区地表甲虫的优势类群。锅巴岩物种的个体数量和丰富度(S)以及多样性指数(H′)较高;蚂蝗沟均匀度指数(J)较高,丰富度较低;蜂桶寨天然林区个体数量较少;双石镇农耕区的多样性和均匀度指数较低。锅巴岩、蜂桶寨和蚂蝗沟间物种分布都有一定程度的相似性,但后两者相似性程度更高,双石镇物种分布与其他3个地点差异较大,这反映了不同地点间的生境异质性和森林植被片段化程度的差异。整个鞘翅目、隐翅虫科和步甲科的个体数量分布在针叶林内较多,在阔叶林内较少;拟步甲科的数量分布在高山灌丛内较多;叶甲科的数量分布在针叶林较多;象甲科除了竹林外,在其他植被内的数量均较多。在总体趋势上,随着海拔的升高,在蜂桶寨和锅巴岩两个邻近的天然林地点,整个鞘翅目以及优势甲虫类群的种类和个体数量也逐渐增多。比较蜂桶寨林区内的个体数量、丰富度和多样性指数,北坡均大于南坡。以上结果表明,物种多样性与海拔、坡向以及生境类型密切相关,森林片段化和生态恢复对物种多样性有显著的影响。因此,在改善森林片段化进行生态恢复时,采取合理措施,增加生境异质性,有助于提高该地区地表甲虫物种多样性。  相似文献   

4.
    
  1. While China is promoting the re‐establishment of forests across the country on a globally unprecedented scale, the biodiversity harboured by the resulting secondary and plantation forests remains poorly understood. Here, we assess the carabid diversity at Zhangguangcai Mountains in northeastern China that comprise a unique mosaic of mature forest remnants, secondary forests and forest plantations.
  2. We located pitfall traps in five distinct forest types: mature conifer and mature mixed forest, secondary mixed forest, secondary broadleaved forest dominated by birch (Betula platyphylla) and poplar (Populus davidiana), and in larch plantations. We recorded 9073 carabid beetles representing 42 species, with richness, abundance and diversity of ground beetles all peaking in secondary broadleaved forests. Assemblages sampled in larch plantations were least species rich, but species extrapolation curves indicate a potentially high overall species richness.
  3. Carabid communities were clearly differentiated according to forest type, with larch plantations and secondary broadleaved forests containing beetle assemblages distinct from the other three forest types, while the mixed secondary and mature forest types harboured similar assemblages.
  4. Carabid communities also showed a clear seasonality in all forest types, with the plantation forest communities remaining distinctly different from the clustered communities of the mature and mixed secondary forest types throughout the year. Broadleaved secondary forest assemblages occupy an intermediate position throughout the sampling season.
  相似文献   

5.
小兴安岭阔叶红松林地表甲虫Beta多样性   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
Beta多样性用来衡量集群内物种组成的变异性,可以被分解为空间物种转换和物种集群镶嵌两个组分,是揭示群落构建机制的重要基础。目前开展了较多的地上生态系统beta多样性研究,然而地下生态系统beta多样性进展缓慢。以小兴安岭凉水和丰林自然保护区为研究地区,于2015年8、10月采用陷阱法对阔叶红松林进行调查,揭示地表甲虫(步甲科、隐翅虫科、葬甲科)的beta多样性。结果表明:(1)凉水共发现39种、856只地表甲虫,丰林共发现43种、1182只地表甲虫。8月凉水明显具有较高的全部甲虫(三个科的总和)物种多样性和丰富度,10月正好相反。(2)凉水和丰林之间地表甲虫beta多样性的差异仅发现于8月的步甲科和葬甲科之间。(3)凉水和丰林地表甲虫的beta多样性主要由空间物种转换组成,物种集群镶嵌对beta多样性的贡献很小,说明地表甲虫物种组成变异主要由本地物种之间较高的转换引起。研究表明小兴安岭阔叶红松林地表甲虫的beta多样性主要由空间物种转换组成,在揭示群落构建机制过程中,其内部物种交换和环境调控不容忽视。  相似文献   

6.
徐宾铎  任一平  叶振江  曾晓起 《生态学报》2007,27(10):4224-4232
根据2004年春、秋季渔业资源底拖网调查数据,应用单元和多元统计方法分析了青岛近岸水域春、秋季鱼类群落结构。春、秋季调查分别渔获31、32种鱼类,平均每网渔获量分别为7.36kg/h和2.99kg/h,优势种类主要包括赤鼻棱鳀Thrissa chefuensis、大泷六线鱼Hexagrammo sotakii、方氏云鳚Enedrias fangi、黄鳍刺鰕虎鱼Acanthogobius flavimanus、细纹狮子鱼Liparis tanakai和长条蛇鲻Saurida elongata等。聚类分析表明,春、秋季青岛近岸水域鱼类群落都可划分为3个站位组,分别对应于北部、中部和南部调查水域。不同站位组的优势种组成变化较大,不同站位组间种类组成差异显著。分析了造成站位组内种类组成相似的特征种和造成不同站位组间相异的分歧种。不同站位组的特征种不同。赤鼻棱鳀、大泷六线鱼、黄鳍刺鰕虎鱼、方氏云鳚、星康吉鳗Conger myriaster、角木叶鲽Pleuronichthys cornutus和细纹狮子鱼是春季所有站位组间的分歧种;赤鼻棱鳀、白姑鱼Argyrosomus argentatus、大泷六线鱼、带鱼Trichiurus lepturus、短吻红舌鳎Cynoglossus joyneri、方氏云鳚、细条天竺鱼Apogonichthys lineatus、小黄鱼Pseudosciaena polyactis和矛尾鰕虎鱼Chaeturichthys stigmatias是秋季所有站位组间的分歧种。大多数特征种也是不同站位组间的分歧种,主要是由于这些种类的数量分布的空间变化造成的。青岛沿海鱼类群落结构存在明显的时空异质性。  相似文献   

7.
    
Some introduced species compete directly with native species for resources and their spread can alter communities, while others do not proliferate and remain benign. This study compares community structure and diversity in adjacent areas dominated by the introduced alga Avrainvillea sp. or native algal species on a hard substrate reef. The biomass and species composition of 15 paired plots (30 in total, plot type based on dominance of Avrainvillea sp. or native species) were quantified. Plots dominated by Avrainvillea sp. had a significantly different assemblage of species characterized by lower algal diversity, mostly Dictyota spp. and Laurencia sp., and a higher abundance and diversity of invertebrates, such as small arthropods, polychaetes, and brittlestars. These results suggest that as Avrainvillea sp. becomes more abundant on hard substrate reefs, it will engineer a different community composed of algal epiphytes and an invertebrate assemblage more typically associated with algae in soft sediments.  相似文献   

8.
    
Fire is known to have dramatic consequences on forest ecosystems around the world and on the livelihoods of forest‐dependent people. While the Eastern Ghats of India have high abundances of fire‐prone dry tropical forests, little is known about how fire influences the diversity, composition, and structure of these communities. Our study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by examining the effects of the presence and the absence of recent fire on tropical dry forest communities within the Kadiri watershed, Eastern Ghats. We sampled plots with and without evidence of recent fire in the Eswaramala Reserve Forest in 2008 and 2018. Our results indicate that even though stem density increases in the recently burned areas, species richness is lower because communities become dominated by a few species with fire resistance and tolerance traits, such as thick bark and clonal sprouting. Further, in the presence of fire, the size structure of these fire‐tolerant species shifts toward smaller‐sized, resprouting individuals. Our results demonstrate that conservation actions are needed to prevent further degradation of forests in this region and the ecosystem services they provide.  相似文献   

9.
元谋干热河谷生态恢复区昆虫多样性研究   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10  
以元谋退化生态系统初始生态恢复中人工构建植被为研究对象,在样地调查的基础上,对比分析了退化生态系统和恢复生态系统昆虫群落多样性组成与结构的恢复状况及其对人工群落类型的生态响应。结果表明,植物群落组成是影响昆虫群落多样性的关键因子。与天然植被相比,混交林促进了昆虫在退化地的扩散和定居,物种多样性明显增加。主成分分析排序将6种生境分为两大类:第Ⅰ类为赤桉纯林,代表物种单一、林下空旷、环境干燥为特点的植被;第Ⅱ类为扭黄茅草坡、车桑子灌丛及赤桉 银合欢、赤桉 相思、相思 银合欢3种混交林,代表物种相对复杂,生境偏向湿润的植被。不同生境的特有昆虫和优势昆虫种类和数量分析表明,在3种混交林中,相思 合欢恢复的效果较赤桉 相思与赤桉 合欢显著,是最好的先锋群落植物混交模式,能够较快改良生境,提高其物种多样性。但由于造林面积较小,植被恢复时间短,受人为干扰较大,昆虫多样性恢复的效果还不明显。  相似文献   

10.
    
Abstract. Carabid beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) were sampled by pitfall trapping to determine the effects of plantation forest management on beetle abundance, diversity and community composition. Five habitats were chosen for study to represent the different environments created by the clear‐fell and re‐plant forestry cycle: clear‐fell, new‐plant, mixed (conifer and broadleaved) and mature stage conifer plantation. The results from these sites were compared with semi‐natural deciduous woodland. Beetles were trapped for 6 weeks during June and July 2005. At each site, a range of environmental parameters were measured; soil pH, soil organic matter content, soil water content, percentage canopy cover, amount of dead wood, leaf‐litter depth, tree species present, tree diameter at breast height and percentage cover of ground vegetation. These were used to interpret differences in carabid abundance, diversity and community assemblage. Beetle abundance was highest in the deciduous habitat, but species diversity was not significantly different between any of the sites, except the clear‐fell habitat which was less diverse. Carabid community assemblages of forest specialist, forest generalist and open‐habitat species were investigated. Only the broadleaved deciduous woodland contained large populations of forest specialist species. These results suggest inclusion of purely broadleaved stands in the forest landscape is necessary to maximise diversity at the landscape scale and enhance the overall conservation potential of managed forest land. Within habitats the amount of dead wood, number of tree species present, percentage canopy cover and leaf‐litter depth were significant determinants of carabid abundance and diversity.  相似文献   

11.
正确认识自然恢复过程中的生物多样性格局及群落构建变化规律是区域生态恢复及生物多样性保育的前提和基础。目前, 关于生物多样性格局及群落构建机制的研究多基于地带性植被类型开展, 而针对喀斯特森林这类特殊植被的研究涉及很少, 这极大地限制了区域生态恢复及森林经营。本文以茂兰国家级自然保护区的退化喀斯特森林为研究对象, 通过建立不同自然恢复阶段固定样地, 对比分析不同自然恢复阶段幼苗、幼树和成树的物种多样性和物种组成差异, 探索退化喀斯特森林自然恢复中物种多样性变化趋势与群落构建机制。结果表明, 退化喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中, 物种多样性呈现先上升后稳定的趋势; 幼苗的物种丰富度逐渐降低, 而成树的物种丰富度逐渐增加; 自然恢复早期的幼苗、幼树和成树物种组成逐渐趋同于老龄林成树, 表明该区域退化森林的自然恢复具有一定方向性。本研究结果表明喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中的物种组成变化一定程度上受确定性过程影响, 为人工促进森林恢复提供一定理论参考, 同时对喀斯特森林经营与管理具有重要意义。  相似文献   

12.
在千岛湖片段化景观中选取20个陆桥岛屿和8个大陆样点,从2012年7月到2014年4月,按季度(春、夏、秋季)6次采用巴氏陷阱法收集地表甲虫,分析其物种多度、组成、多样性和季节动态,以及不同岛屿上的地表甲虫的物种多样性与岛屿面积和隔离度等岛屿空间特征的关系.结果表明: 共收集记录到地表甲虫26科101种3370头.大陆和大岛地表甲虫的物种丰富度有显著差异,且小岛地表甲虫密度显著高于大陆;大陆地表甲虫的物种组成变化较大,而岛屿上分布的地表甲虫的物种组成则变化较小.地表甲虫的物种丰富度与岛屿面积呈显著正相关,密度与隔离度呈显著正相关.夏季岛屿上地表甲虫物种丰富度高于春秋两季,岛屿与大陆样地的Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数均在夏季最高、秋季最低.  相似文献   

13.
14.
应用指示种预测森林管理对物种多样性及群落组成的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用指示种分析方法,研究了会同亚热带森林物种多样性和群落组成对森林管理的响应.从357个林下种中鉴定出显著性指示种94个,并构造新的指示种数据集,检验指示种数据集和源群落数据集之间的关联,评估指示种对林下植被管理效应的预测潜能.结果表明:指示种数据集和源群落数据集之间存在极显著的关联(Mantel r=0.898),指示种数据集很好地预测了生物多样性的变化(回归分析,R2>0.74);指示种很好地预测了群落组成对森林管理的响应(ANOVA,F>16.79);非度量多尺度排序(NMDS)以及K-means聚类分析表明,对于不同森林管理的样地类型,指示种数据集的识别能力和源群落数据集是一致的.从物种多样性、群落组成以及在森林类型的识别上,指示种数据集和源群落数据集有一致性规律,作用几乎相同,因此森林评估可以利用指示种代替源群落预测森林管理效应,以减少森林全面调查的成本.  相似文献   

15.
张芳  杜虎  曾馥平  彭晚霞  宋同清 《生态学报》2020,40(12):4094-4104
为了阐明喀斯特峰丛洼地植物群落结构和物种多样性特征及其变化规律,选择西南喀斯特具有代表性的灌木林、次生林和原生林3种植被类型,基于2007年、2012年、2017年3次植被的系统调查,研究了木本植物群落物种组成、群落结构和物种多样性的动态变化。研究结果表明,灌木林2007—2012年减少1个种,2012—2017年减少7属5种;次生林2007—2012年减少1科1属,2012—2017年增加4科7属6种;原生林2007—2012年减少1科4属6种;2012—2017年增加1科3属3种。增加和减少的物种为偶见种或稀有种,引起群落中物种数量的波动。灌木林中黄荆(Vitex negundo)、八角枫(Alangium chinense)重要值均大于10,黄荆占绝对优势;次生林中菜豆树(Radermachera sinica)、灰毛浆果楝(Cipadessa cinerascens)、香椿(Toona sinensis)等物种重要值大于10,占主要优势;原生林的优势种不突出,为多优势种群落。3种植被类型群落的胸径各年份差异显著,平均树高在5年间的差异不显著,10年间达到了显著差异;群落总径级结...  相似文献   

16.
    
  相似文献   

17.
    
Aim Species assemblages with high proportions of localized taxa occur in regional islands with a history of strong eco‐climatic separation from adjacent systems. Current disturbance in such islands of relictualism or endemism disrupts the distinctive local character in favour of regionally distributed taxa with a wider range of tolerances. However, rehabilitation of the system should restore the localized biota. Thus, we used biogeographical composition to assess progress towards restoration of the dung beetle fauna associated with such an island of endemism following dredge‐mining. Location The study was conducted in natural coastal dune forest and a 23‐year chronosequence of regenerating dune vegetation in the Maputaland centre of endemism, KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. Methods Dung beetles were trapped in eight stands of regenerating vegetation of different ages (< 1 year to ~21 years) and in four stands of natural dune forest with differing ecological characteristics defined by measurements of vegetative physiognomy and microclimate. Species groups defined from multivariate analysis of biogeographical distribution patterns and vegetation associations were used to demonstrate quantitative compositional changes in the dung beetle assemblages across the chronosequence to natural forest. Results Three biogeographical groups were defined. One group comprised species widespread in southern Africa or both southern and east Africa. The other two groups were endemic, one to the east coast and the other to Maputaland. There was a general trend from dominance by regionally distributed dung beetle taxa to dominance by locally distributed taxa across the chronosequence of regenerating vegetation from grassland, to open Acacia karroo thicket, to dense A. karroo‐dominated woodland. However, this trend was linked closely to the relative physiognomic and microclimatic similarity between the regenerating vegetation and natural forest. Thus, proportions of locally distributed taxa were lower in older chronosequence woodland (~18–~21 years) with its low canopy cover and open understorey than in dense early chronosequence woodland (~9–~12 years), which is physiognomically and microclimatically closer to species‐diverse natural forest with its dense canopy and understorey. Overall, the present dung beetle community comprises five species groups. Single widespread (21 spp.) and endemic groups (14 spp.) showed similar patterns of association with early chronosequence grassland and open thicket stands. A single widespread (3 spp.) and two endemic shade‐associated groups (3 and 11 spp.) showed differing patterns of association centred, respectively, in late chronosequence woodland, natural forest, or all shaded stands. Main conclusions At 23 years, vegetative regeneration is still at an early stage, but abundant activity of most, although not all species recorded in natural forest, is recovered with the closure of the woodland canopy at ~9 years. Compositional differences with respect to natural forest vary closely with vegetative physiognomy and its effect on the microclimate. Therefore, full compositional recovery is dependent on the re‐establishment of natural forest physiognomy and microclimate.  相似文献   

18.
广西十万大山地区不同植被类型土壤微生物特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为研究广西十万大山地区热带不同植被类型土壤微生物特征及其与土壤养分之间的关系,对次生阔叶林、马尾松林、灌草丛和撂荒地的土壤理化性质、微生物数量特征及微生物生物量碳氮磷进行了测定。结果表明:相同土层的土壤微生物总数大小依次为:次生阔叶林马尾松林灌草丛撂荒地,并随土壤深度增加而减少。土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷随土壤深度的增加而逐渐降低,在不同植被类型的土壤中差异显著。次生阔叶林、马尾松林、灌草丛的土壤微生物生物量与土壤养分呈极显著相关,而撂荒地的相关性明显低于其他3种植被类型,并且其土壤微生物生物量磷与全氮、速效氮和速效钾含量无相关性。由此可见,土壤微生物数量和微生物生物量均可作为评价十万大山森林生态系统土壤肥力的指标;可采用植被恢复手段促进土壤微生物群落的发育、改良土壤特性以促进该区域退化生态系统的恢复。  相似文献   

19.
张丽燕  魏玉莲  李通 《生态学杂志》2016,27(12):3882-3888
2013年7—9月,以清原林场、老秃顶子国家级自然保护区和宽甸白石砬子自然保护区为研究区域,对辽东次生林中木腐菌的物种多样性及其分布特征进行了研究.经过野外调查,共采集和记录木腐菌1062份,经鉴定为92种,隶属于48个属;其中白石砬子国家级自然保护区木腐真菌物种最丰富,Shannon多样性指数为4.04.从物种的地理成分来看,辽东地区的木腐菌以世界性广布和北温带分布为主,具有明显的北温带特征.白腐真菌是该地区倒木的主要分解者;该地区的木腐菌主要生长在腐烂等级为2、3的倒木上,主要优势寄主为槭属倒木,有243份真菌采集于槭属倒木,占总数的23.2%.  相似文献   

20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号