基于形态框架数据的淞江鲈种群鉴别(英文)

采用形态框架数据阐明了中国3个现存的淞江鲈地理种群的形态差异。每条鱼测量22个形态度量参数,用Burnaby的多变量方法校正形态度量参数,采用聚类和判别分析来区别种群的差异。结果显示:1)3个地理种群可以分成两组,第1组包括青龙河种群和富春江种群,第2组包括鸭绿江种群;2)根据F-remove值,挑选出最大的5个形态参数:D(2-3)、D(7-9)、D(6-5)、D(6-8)、D(2-1),用挑选后的5个形态参数进行判别分析的判别准确率达100%,显示这3个地理种群是形态上可辨别的种群。地理隔离和环境因子也许是淞江鲈种群形态差异的主要影响因素。虽然形态度量对于判别淞江鲈的种群有效,但对于其种群结构的进一步确认研究是必要的。     

中国沿海11省市儿童青少年的生长发育状况

本文分析了2000年中国辽宁、河北、天津、山东、江苏、上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西、海南11个沿海省市城乡7—18岁儿童青少年的生长发育状况和1985—2000年生长的长期变化趋势,辽宁、河北、天津、山东、江苏、上海、浙江7省市儿童少年身高、体重、胸围、BMI的发育水平和生长的长期变化高于全国平均水平,海南、广东、广西低于全国平均水平。总体上沿海省市儿童少年的发育水平好于全国平均水平,但地域特征相当明显,东部沿海省市儿童少年的发育水平和长期变化强度都明显高于南部沿海省市。     

兵广厉螨和叶氏广厉螨在中国的分布(蜱螨亚纲:革螨股)

以往文献记载,兵广厉螨Ｃｏｓｍｏｌａｅｌａｐｓｍｉｌｅｓ（Ｂｅｒｌｅｓｅ,１８８２）在我国分布于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、浙江、湖北等省。作者检视了黑龙江、吉林、辽宁和新疆标本,只有新疆标本为真正的兵广厉螨,而黑龙江、吉林和辽宁标本并不是兵广厉螨,而...     

山东平岛发现石龙子

1987年4月,我们在山东省日照市平岛考察时,发现大量石龙子(Eumeces chinensis)生活在岛上,这是首次在山东发现石龙子种群。资料记载,石龙子分布于江苏、安徽、湖北、四川等省以南广大地区,以及台湾、海南岛。山东历史上未曾有过记载。     

高考理科综合能力测试的基本情况

自从理科综合能力测试成为高考的一个考试科目以来 ,截止到 2 0 0 1年 7月先后有吉林、浙江、江苏、山西、天津、内蒙古、辽宁、黑龙江、安徽、福建、湖南、湖北、海南、四川和陕西 15个省 (市、区 )的考生选考了这一科目。到 2 0 0 2年 ,除上面提到的 15个省 (市、区 )外 ,河北、山东、江西、重庆、云南、贵州、西藏、甘肃、青海、宁夏和新疆 11个省 (市、区 )的高考也将采用“3+文科综合能力测试 /理科综合能力测试”科目设置方案 ,把理科综合能力测试作为考生的 1个选考科目。届时 ,广东、河南高考采用的仍然是 :“3+大综合 + 1”科目设…     

生物多样性综合评价方法研究

2002年召开的《生物多样性公约》第六次缔约方大会确定了“到2010年在全球范围内大幅度降低生物多样性丧失的速度”的目标, 并要求各国制定生物多样性评价指标, 开展生物多样性评估。本文作者根据科学性、代表性和实用性的原则, 提出了生物多样性综合评价的5个指标, 即物种丰富度、生态系统类型多样性、植被垂直层谱的完整性、物种特有性、外来物种入侵度, 确立了生物多样性综合评价方法; 并以全国31省(市、区)为单元, 开展了全国生物多样性综合评价, 将各省(市、区)生物多样性分为四个等级。云南、四川、广西的生物多样性属“优”, 贵州、湖北、广东、湖南、重庆、福建、西藏、江西、浙江、海南、甘肃、新疆、陕西的生物多样性属“良”, 河南、安徽、山东、山西、河北、北京的生物多样性属“一般”, 吉林、内蒙古、上海、辽宁、宁夏、青海、江苏、黑龙江、天津的生物多样性为“较差”。     

布氏姜片吸虫的生活史与对猪季节性感染的研究

布氏姜片吸虫Fasciolopsis buski (Lankester,1857)是人畜共患的寄生虫。在1300多年前我国隋唐的医书中就有记载。分布很广,印度、印度尼西亚、缅甸、越南、泰国、菲律宾、日本、苏联和我国等地都有发现。我国已知有河北、山东、江苏、浙江、福建、台湾、江     

河北滦河口连续二年发现松江鲈

松江鲈(Trachidermus fasciatus)是一种降海洄游的浅海繁殖肉食性鱼类,为国家二级保护野生动物。在我国,松江鲈的历史分布区主要在黄海、渤海、东海沿岸及通海河流,但近年文献观点认为松江鲈已在渤海区域消失。2022年7月、2023年7月和10月分别在河北滦河口记录到1尾、19尾和1尾松江鲈。通过对标本进行线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因测序,与NCBI数据库已有基因序列比对分析,确定该物种为松江鲈。本文梳理了我国沿海松江鲈的历史和现状分布记录以及增殖放流情况。根据河北省渤海海区松江鲈以及滦河口鱼类的文献记录,松江鲈历史分布区主要在北戴河和秦皇岛海域,滦河口仅有1次早期文字记录和1次2010年的调查记录。尚未发现渤海沿岸有松江鲈增殖放流活动的报导。此次在滦河口连续两年调查到松江鲈,说明在该水域存在繁殖性洄游群体。滦河口存在松江鲈,可能与洄游通道畅通、入海断面水质多年维持地表水水质Ⅱ类且近海水质清洁(海水水质一类或二类)以及捕捞压力较轻有关。建议进一步跟踪监测滦河口松江鲈的洄游范围、繁殖地和种群动态并严格实施保护。     

河南省鸟类新纪录——震63鸦雀、红胸黑雁

2006年1月1日15:00时左右,在河南黄河湿地自然保护区孟津老城黄河高速桥东约50m(34°51′6″N,112°38′8″E)黄河南岸的芦苇丛中,发现5只震旦鸦雀(Parsdoxornis heudei).震旦鸦雀属雀形目(Passeriformes)鸦雀科(Parsdoxornithidae)鸦雀属,共有2个亚种,指名亚种(P.h.heudei)分布于湖北、江西西北部、江苏、上海、浙江,黑龙江亚种(P.h.polivanovi)分布于黑龙江、辽宁、河北、天津、内蒙古东北部(郑光美,2005).震旦鸦雀被<中国物种红色名录>列为近危(NT)物种(汪松,解焱,2004),在绝大多数分布区并不常见.在分布地为留鸟.这是首次在河南省被记录.     

横斑锦蛇的形态学性状初探

横斑锦蛇Euprepiophis perlacea是中国西部特有种,《中国濒危动物红皮书》极危物种,研究成果相对匮乏。本研究采用样带法和样方法在横斑锦蛇分布区内采集到标本20号,测量其鳞片特征、体长、尾长等形态学性状,结合文献资料中已有的5号标本数据,进行统计分析。结果表明,鳞片特征是有效的分类依据,尤其背鳞(19-19-17行)、左上唇鳞数(7)和右上唇鳞数(7)在所有标本中无任何变化,是鉴定该物种的最重要特征。对尾下鳞、体长、尾长、头长、头宽、头高、眼间距共7个形态学性状数据进行方差分析,性别间的差异均无统计学意义,未发现蛇类中普遍存在的两性异形现象。横斑锦蛇体色靓丽、无毒、性情温和、行动迟缓、分布区狭窄、种群数量稀少,分布区内人口密度高,人为干扰严重,急需加强科学研究、法制宣传和科普教育,以保障该物种种群延续。     

Reproduction Peculiarities of Plain Sculpin Myoxocephalus jaokin Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan

We performed observations in the spawning grounds of the plain sculpin. We found that the spawning of this species in Peter the Great Bay begins in December and takes place along the coast. The egg clutches are guarded by the males.     

The molecular cloning and characteristics of a fibrinogen-related protein (TfFREP1) gene from roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus)

Fibrinogen-related proteins are a family of glycoproteins containing fibrinogen-like domains. Many members of these proteins play important roles in innate immune responses. We isolated a fibrinogen-related protein gene (TfFREP1) from roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus). The TfFREP1 encoded a protein of 264 amino acids, including 231 amino acids with fibrinogen-like domains. Both quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis showed that TfFREP1 was mainly expressed in skin and gill tissues of T. fasciatus. The expression level of TfFREP1 was upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels after stimulation of lipopolysaccharide. These results suggest that TfFREP1 may be involved in T.?fasciatus immune reaction.     

Determinants of Variation in Antipredator Behavior of Territorial Male Threespine Stickleback in the Wild

Although antipredator behavior of threespine stickleback has been extensively studied in the laboratory, interactions between stickleback and their predators in nature have never been described. This paper describes interactions between territorial male stickleback and four predators on males or on the young they guard. Two of the predators, cutthroat trout and a hemipteran nymph (Belostomatidae), prey on males but not on young. Another, the roughskin newt, is a potential predator of young but does not pose a threat to males. Prickly sculpin prey both on the males and on offspring that males guard. Differences in behavior toward the four predators indicate that males are capable of rapid discrimination among predators and the threats they pose. Males also discriminate among size classes of sculpin that present different predation risks, but not among size classes of trout large enough to pose a threat. The difference in response to these predators probably reflects the difference in risk to offspring and the amount of time each predator typically stays in the territory of a male. Trout pass through rapidly, whereas sculpin, which are ambush predators, can remain within a territory for a long period of time if not chased out. The presence of young in the nest had no apparent effect on the response of males to these predators. This could, however, be due to a masking effect of uncontrolled variation in natural encounters. Responses to newts were similar to those directed toward sculpin too small to attack the male. They involved rapid chases and bites, often directed at the head, a part of the body that was typically avoided in encounters with larger sculpin. Males watch and avoid the belostomatid nymphs, but do not attack them.     

Comments on the morphology of Nicsmirnovius eximius (Kiser, 1948) (Aloninae,Anomopoda, Cladocera) in Thailand,with description of its male

The density, diet and habitat use of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Siberian sculpin (Cottus poecilopus) were studied in the subalpine River Atna in southeastern Norway in the autumn during a six year period (1986–1991). There was an inverse relationship between the density of brown trout and Siberian sculpin. Diet overlap, as indicated by the Schoener index, was high between the two species, ranging between 0.48 and 0.86. Chironomid larvae and other aquatic insects were the most common food items for both species. Brown trout also consumed substantive amounts of surface insects. Siberian sculpin typically occupied sites with finer substrates and greater water depths than brown trout, even though there was considerable overlap in habitat use between the two species. Because the two species shared similar habitats, we suggest that the potential for species interactions exists, particularly at sites where density of sculpin is high.     

Seasonal Distribution and Size Composition of the Black Edged Sculpin Gymnocanthus herzensteini (Cottidae) off the Mainland Coast of Russian Waters in the Sea of Japan

Journal of Ichthyology - Off the mainland coast of the Russian waters of the Sea of Japan, the Black Edged sculpin Gymnocanthus herzensteini occurs at depths from 10 to 424 m at temperatures from...     

Genetic diversity and population structure of the roughskin sculpin (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trachidermus fasciatus</Emphasis> Heckel) inferred from microsatellite analyses: implications for its conservation and management

Identification of population units is crucial for management and monitoring programs, especially for endangered wild species. The roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus Heckel) is a small catadromous fish and has been listed as a second class state protected aquatic animal since 1988 in China. To achieve sustainable conservation of this species, it is necessary to clarify the existing genetic structure both between and within populations. Here, population genetic structure among eight populations of T. fasciatus were analyzed by using 16 highly polymorphic microsatellites. High levels of genetic variation were observed in all populations. All pairwise F _ST estimates were significant after false discovery rate correction (overall average F _ST = 0.054). Furthermore, both STRUCTURE and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) analysis showed that the eight populations were grouped into six clusters. BAYESASS analysis showed generally low recent and asymmetric migration among populations. All these results suggested significant genetic structure across populations. However, there was no isolation by distance relationship among populations, likely resulting from barriers to gene flow created by habitat fragmentation. Our results highlight the need for in situ conservation efforts for T. fasciatus across its entire distribution range, through maximizing habitat size and quality to preserve overall genetic diversity and evolutionary potential.     

Brown trout and food web interactions in a Minnesota stream

1. We examined indirect, community‐level interactions in a stream that contained non‐native brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus), native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill) and native slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus Richardson). Our objectives were to examine benthic invertebrate composition and prey selection of fishes (measured by total invertebrate dry mass, dry mass of individual invertebrate taxa and relative proportion of invertebrate taxa in the benthos and diet) among treatments (no fish, juvenile brook trout alone, juvenile brown trout alone, sculpin with brook trout and sculpin with brown trout). 2. We assigned treatments to 1 m² enclosures/exclosures placed in riffles in Valley Creek, Minnesota, and conducted six experimental trials. We used three designs of fish densities (addition of trout to a constant number of sculpin with unequal numbers of trout and sculpin; addition of trout to a constant number of sculpin with equal numbers of trout and sculpin; and replacement of half the sculpin with an equal number of trout) to investigate the relative strength of interspecific versus intraspecific interactions. 3. Presence of fish (all three species, alone or in combined‐species treatments) was not associated with changes in total dry mass of benthic invertebrates or shifts in relative abundance of benthic invertebrate taxa, regardless of fish density design. 4. Brook trout and sculpin diets did not change when each species was alone compared with treatments of both species together. Likewise, we did not find evidence for shifts in brown trout or sculpin diets when each species was alone or together. 5. We suggest that native brook trout and non‐native brown trout fill similar niches in Valley Creek. We did not find evidence that either species had an effect on stream communities, potentially due to high invertebrate productivity in Valley Creek.     

Seasonal feeding ecology of co-existing native and invasive benthic fish along a nearshore to offshore gradient in Lake Michigan

Relative abundance, diet composition and feeding strategy were determined for three benthic fish, the native deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii (Girard, 1851) and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus (Richardson, 1836), and the invasive round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814), along a nearshore to offshore gradient in southeastern Lake Michigan during March–December 2010, 2015, and 2016. Round goby were most abundant in the nearshore (<25 m), slimy sculpin were most abundant in the transitional zone (35–65 m), and deepwater sculpin were most abundant in the offshore zone (>75 m). Despite a large degree of spatial separation, some species did overlap, with slimy and deepwater sculpin occurring in sympatry throughout the year in the offshore and transitional zones, and round goby overlapping with both sculpin species seasonally in the transitional zone. Deepwater sculpin exhibited specialization on Mysis diluviana in all depth regions. Slimy sculpin in the offshore reduced diet overlap with deepwater sculpin by specializing on fish eggs during spring and fall, whereas in the transitional depth zone, there was considerable overlap between sculpin species due to the high importance of Mysis in diets. The invasive round goby had a mixed diet, with some diet overlap with native sculpin, especially slimy sculpin, in the transitional zone. In the nearshore zone, round goby displayed a generalized diet with many prey contributing to the diet, but the average contribution of any prey was generally low. Spatial separation and variable feeding strategies help reduce, but not eliminate shared resource use amongst these benthic fish in Lake Michigan.     

Behavioral effects of invaders: alien crayfish and native sculpin in a California stream

Invasive crayfish have been shown to have negative impacts on a range of taxa, though the mechanisms for those effects have not always been evaluated. Signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in Sagehen Creek were associated with reduced growth rates and gut fullness of Paiute sculpin (Cottus beldingi) in earlier experiments. This paper assesses potential behavioral mechanisms of competition between the two species. I conducted experiments to determine crayfish effects on sculpin behavior and habitat use in a stream observation facility at the Sagehen Research Station, California, USA. Sculpin reduced their use of refuges and pools, shifted into higher-velocity microhabitats, and spent more time fleeing in the presence of crayfish. Crayfish used refuges, pools, and low-velocity habitats more than sculpin in either treatment. Both species were notably nocturnal, with most activity at dusk and night observations, although crayfish were more strongly so than sculpin. Detailed field surveys of lower Sagehen Creek found that potential refuges (unembedded rocks) were closely associated with total crayfish and sculpin numbers, suggesting that cover is at least sometimes limiting under natural conditions. By displacing sculpin from refuges and pools and increasing their activity rate, crayfish may increase the likelihood of predation on sculpin. Behavioral shifts in sculpin appear to be at least partly responsible for the reduced growth rates of sculpin in the presence of crayfish.