天然茯苓和液体发酵茯苓粉末的研究

液体发酵茯苓为一种新型的发酵中药。本文在粉末显微特征、多糖、灰分和氨基酸含量等方面,对液体发酵茯苓粉末和天然茯苓粉末展开了研究。研究结果表明二者在显微特征和化学成分等方面均存在较大的差异,探讨了上述差异产生的原因。     

茯苓生物学研究和菌核栽培现状及展望

茯苓Wolfiporia cocos是我国药食两用的传统中药,本文对茯苓的分类地位、交配型、生活史、遗传育种、菌核栽培以及组学相关研究进展进行了总结,对有关专利进行了分析。以研究及生产现状为基础,分析了茯苓在基础生物学方面研究的不足、菌核栽培中存在的相关问题,重点分析了交配型研究、子实体诱导形成和生活史研究等重要方面,并对未来茯苓生物学研究和科学栽培进行了展望。     

茯苓的交配系统与杂交育种体系

茯苓Wolfiporia hoelen是我国传统中药,使用和栽培历史悠久,由于其配伍率高,在中药中具有重要的地位。茯苓菌核在我国广泛栽培,但是存在菌种同质化、退化和基质利用率低等多种问题,归根结底在于其交配系统不明确,缺乏杂交育种体系。近年来,相关研究建立了茯苓的同核体菌株鉴定方法,确认了其二极性交配系统,发现了同核体类型不同的茯苓群体,并基于单孢和原生质体同核体建立了茯苓的杂交育种体系和杂交菌株鉴定方法。文中对茯苓的交配系统和杂交育种体系进行总结,以促进茯苓育种工作的开展和茯苓产业的良性发展,并基于茯苓的特性和目前产业相关问题对其育种方向进行了展望。     

表型与亲本不易区分的茯苓同核体菌株新类型

茯苓Wolfiporia hoelen是我国传统中药材之一,也是一种食药兼用的大型真菌,目前已规模化栽培,但由于其交配系统一直不明确,影响了种质改良。前期我们发现了茯苓的同核体,明确了茯苓的交配系统和生活史,并建立了以培养特性和分子标记区分同核体的方法,但未明确是否适用于茯苓种群的不同个体。在对多个菌株的研究中,发现了同核体表型与亲本不易区分的茯苓菌株。本研究主要以来自日本的菌株775 (NBRC 30628)为亲本,对其同核体菌株进行收集鉴定,并对同核体菌株的培养特性、交配现象和杂交等进行了研究。此类菌株的同核体菌株可通过与亲本对峙培养进行鉴定,但菌丝生长、菌落形态和吃料速度等与亲本没有显著差异,不同交配型的同核体之间交配时没有明显的交配现象。rpb2杂合位点标记可以用于鉴定该类型同核体菌株,且能验证是否交配。该类型同核体与之前发现的同核体类型之间可以进行杂交,杂交菌株可与两亲本都产生拮抗现象。该发现补充了之前建立的茯苓同核体鉴定方法,加深了对茯苓物种群体的了解,同时丰富了茯苓的育种资源。     

被重用的茯苓——松树底下的一团精灵

正土中好宝贝,皮黑心不黑。松树根底长,四时都适宜。对于茯苓有初步了解的,肯定会轻易猜出谜底是什么了。茯苓不管在什么季节、什么天气,在与各种药物配伍时,不管寒、温、风、湿诸疾,都可以发挥其特有的功效——祛湿利水,健脾安神。茯苓味甘、淡,性平,入药具有利水渗湿、益脾和胃、宁心安神之功用。茯苓的传说茯苓因其药性、保健作用在历史上留下了很多美丽的传说。据传柳宗元看病的时候郎中建议他吃茯神(茯苓核),但是买回     

茯苓健脾作用活性部位的研究

通过建立饮食失节、过食肥甘所致的小鼠脾虚模型,以体重、饮食量、外部表现特征及脾指数为指标,从茯苓总三萜类、茯苓总多糖及茯苓水煎剂中确定具有健脾作用的有效活性部位。结果表明:茯苓总三萜类对脾虚小鼠有明显的恢复作用,茯苓水煎剂也有一定作用,而茯苓总多糖作用不明显。说明茯苓总三萜类是茯苓治疗过食肥甘所致小鼠脾虚证的活性部位。     

发酵茯苓菌丝体和天然茯苓多糖的研究

本文对发酵茯苓菌丝体和天然茯苓中多糖的提取分离进行了研究,并分别测定了二者总多糖的提取率及总糖的平均含量。发酵茯苓菌丝体和天然茯苓中总多糖的提取率分别为24.47%和82.93%;发酵茯苓菌丝体和天然茯苓总糖的平均含量分别为45.17%和87.24%。     

茯苓种质资源的RAPD分析

为探讨国内茯苓人工栽培的主要品种和贵州野生茯苓菌株亲缘关系,利用RAPD技术对供试菌株的基因组DNA进行了分析。从41个随机引物中筛选出17个有效引物,共检测到101个RAPD标记位点,其中39个位点(38.6%)具有多态性,通过PAUP软件进行数据处理,采用最大简约法(MP法)进行聚类分析,并建立系统树。结果表明:不同来源的茯苓菌株亲缘关系非常相近,仅在某些引物的扩增物上存在较小的差异。     

茯苓单个担孢子培养和配对试验

茯苓[Poria cocos (Fr.) wolf]在我国分布较广,过去产量较大的有湖北、安徽、云南等省。近年来广西茯苓生产发展较快,占全国产量的50%左右。各地生产用茯苓菌种,虽属同一个种,但菌株之间形态和生理上都有差异。目前广西栽培用菌种主要是P_578(中国科学院微生物研究所从湖南分离的菌种,简称P)和J_61(广西昭平农药厂从湖北引种分离的菌种,简称     

茯苓的松蔸栽培技术

根据我国林业发展的情况来看,茯苓的松蔸栽培非常简单,栽培技术很容易掌握,具有产量较高、易成活等特点,在林业经济发展中得到较多农民群众的推崇。在实际应用中,茯苓是一种常见的中药,可以用于咳嗽、水肿、腹泻、健忘、呕吐等症状的治疗,具有很好的治疗效果。本文就茯苓的生长环境进行阐述,对茯苓的松蔸栽培技术进行分析,为提高茯苓的生产量提供可参考依据。     

Nematicidal activity and chemical component of Poria cocos

Poria cocos, a famous traditional Chinese medicine, was found to have nematicidal activity in experiments searching for nematicidal fungi. The experiment showed it could kill 94.9% of the saprophytic nematode, Panagrellus redivivue, 92.6% of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, and 93.5% of the pine nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, on PDA plate within 12 hours. According to the nematicidal activity, three new compounds, 2, 4, 6-triacetylenic octane diacid, 2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydroxyhexanoic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxy-2-keto-n-butyl 2,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanate, were isolated from submerged cultures of Poria cocos. Of these, 2, 4, 6-triacetylenic octane diacid could kill 83.9% Meloidogyne arenaria and 73.4% Panagrellus redivivus at 500 ppm within 12 hours. Here, it is reported for the first time that Poria cocos has nematicidal activity.     

Antitumor activities of heteropolysaccharides of Poria cocos mycelia from different strains and culture media

Ten water-soluble heteropolysaccharide fractions were isolated from Poria cocos mycelia cultured from one wild and one cultivated strain in two identical culture media differing only in one component: either corn steep liquor or bran extract. The chemical compositions, including monosaccharide profile, protein content, and molecular mass M(w) of the mycelial polysaccharides were determined. Both the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of the heteropolysaccharides were evaluated and compared. The heteropolysaccharides from Poria cocos mycelia cultured with the wild strain in a medium containing corn steep liquor exhibited the highest antitumor activities against Sarcoma 180 in vivo.     

茯苓与凤尾菇目间原生质体融合研究初报

以无锁状联合的茯苓次级菌丝和具锁状联合的凤尾菇次级菌丝为亲本制备原生质体,以PEG为促融剂,在高钙、高pH条件下,将茯苓(或凤尾菇)原生质体热灭活,与凤尾菇(或茯苓)原生质体融合,从再生菌株中均能选择选择出能够再形成双核的单核菌株。栽培实验结果显示,单核菌株经诱导形成双核菌株后可以形成子实体或原基,若单核菌株不经诱导,则始终维持稳定的单核状态,且难以形成子实体。     

茯苓多糖抗氧化性研究

采用分光光度法研究了茯苓多糖提取物的体外抗氧化作用,并与Vc进行比较.结果表明其具有较强的抗氧化能力,在清除DPPH·的体系中和还原能力体系中,样品的清除能力均超过Vc,但在羟基自由基·OH和超氧阴离子O-2体系中,其清除能力低于对照样Vc.     

Structure and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from Poria cocos extracted by deep eutectic solvent

Glycoconjugate Journal - Poria cocos, a famous traditional Chinese medicine and a well-known food or food supplement, has shown therapeutic potential against cancer and the uneasiness of the mind....     

Evaluating the basidiomycetes Poria medula-panis and Wolfiporia cocos for xylanase production

Xylanase, oxidative enzymes and iron-binding compounds were detected in the filtrates of Wolfiporia cocos and Poria medula-panis grown in wheat bran liquid medium. Xylanase and iron-binding compounds were produced at high levels by the brown-rot fungus (BR) W. cocos and at low levels by the white-rot fungus (WR) P. medula-panis. Phenoloxidase was produced only by P. medula-panis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) (SDS-PAGE) showed a wide variety of bands for extracellular proteins produced by W.cocos, with low molecular weight (<30 kDa) and minor bands with molecular weight above 45 kDa. Two bands with xylanase activity derived from W. cocos extracts were detected in the gels, whereas many different bands with xylanase activity were found in the extracts from P. medula-panis. P. medula-panis is a selective lignin degrader, whereas W. cocos preferentially removes cellulose from wood.     

Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic study of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf

A new lanostane-type triterpene, 6α-hydroxy-dehydrotumulosic acid (1), together with 12 known compounds (2–13), was isolated and characterized from the sclerotium of Poria cocos. Their structures were confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods and by comparison with values previously reported in the literature. Compounds 11–13 were reported for the first time from Poria cocos. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds was discussed.     

Screening of Korean herbal medicines used to improve cognitive function for anti-cholinesterase activity.

Methanolic extracts of seven herbs (Acorus calamus, Acorus gramineus, Bupleurm facaltum, Dioscorea batatas, Epimedium koreanum, Poria cocos and Zizyphi jujuba) used in traditional Korean medicine for improvement of memory and cognition in old age were tested for cholinesterase inhibitory properties using the Ellman colorimetric method. Significant inhibition of the enzyme at 200 microg/ml was observed for extracts from A. calamus and E. koreanum. The possible bases for the reputation of these and the other herbs tested are discussed in the light of previous investigations into their chemistry and biological activity.