Different mechanisms account for the relative resistance of KG-1 and HL-60 cell lines to retrovirus infection.

I infected three different human leukemic cell lines (K562, KG-1, and HL-60) with an amphotropic retrovirus vector (designated PA317/N2) which confers G418 resistance and contains the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat. Compared with K562 cells, both KG-1 and HL-60 cells were relatively resistant to infection with this retrovirus vector. In HL-60 cells, this resistance appeared to result from diminished viral DNA synthesis, while in KG-1 cells there was a block to the genomic integration of the viral DNA.     

野生型p53基因对内皮细胞细胞间粘附分子-1表达的影响

细胞间粘附分子－１（ＩＣＡＭ－１）是介导白细胞与内皮细胞粘附的重要粘附分子．为研究野生型ｐ５３基因对内皮细胞ＩＣＡＭ－１表达的影响,分别采用流式细胞术和ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ／ＨＰＬＣ方法测定ＩＣＡＭ－１蛋白及ｍＲＮＡ水平．静息状态的内皮细胞表面结构性地表达有少量的ＩＣＡＭ－１,在肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα,１０～１０００Ｕ／ｍｌ）诱导下,其表达呈剂量依赖性增加．将ｐ５３基因导入内皮细胞,则显著抑制ＴＮＦα诱导的内皮细胞表面ＩＣＡＭ－１的表达．ｐ５３基因的导入对静息状态内皮细胞表面结构性表达的ＩＣＡＭ－１影响较小．ｐ５３基因主要通过降低ＩＣＡＭ－１的ｍＲＮＡ水平而抑制内皮细胞表面ＩＣＡＭ－１的表达,但对蛋白的抑制程度小于对ｍＲＮＡ的抑制程度．提示：ｐ５３基因对内皮细胞ＩＣＡＭ－１表达的影响除转录水平控制外,还存在转录后水平的调控     

Maslinic acid induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells through activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway

The present study determines the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcium signaling evoked by the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) on apoptosis in the human leukemia HL-60 and K562 cell lines. The results show that treatment of both cell lines cells with 10 ng/mL TNFα resulted in a rise in the percentage of apoptotic cells after 6 h of treatment. It was also observed that the administration of 10 ng/mL TNFα increased intracellular ROS production, as well as a time-dependent increase in caspase-8, -3, and -9 activities. The present results also show that the pretreatment with well-known antioxidants such as trolox and N-acetyl cysteine partially reduced the caspase activation caused by the administration of TNFα. The findings suggest that TNFα-induced apoptosis is dependent on alterations in intracellular ROS generation in human leukemia HL-60 and K562 cells.     

The p16INK4a tumor suppressor controls p21WAF1 induction in response to ultraviolet light

p16^INK4a and p21^WAF1, two major cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, are the products of two tumor suppressor genes that play important roles in various cellular metabolic pathways. p21^WAF1 is up-regulated in response to different DNA damaging agents. While the activation of p21^WAF1 is p53-dependent following γ-rays, the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light on p21^WAF1 protein level is still unclear. In the present report, we show that the level of the p21^WAF1 protein augments in response to low UVC fluences in different mammalian cells. This up-regulation is mediated through the stabilization of p21^WAF1 mRNA in a p16^INK4a-dependent manner in both human and mouse cells. Furthermore, using p16-siRNA treated human skin fibroblast; we have shown that p16 controls the UV-dependent cytoplasmic accumulation of the mRNA binding HuR protein. In addition, HuR immunoprecipitations showed that UV-dependent binding of HuR to p21 mRNA is p16-related. This suggests that p16 induces p21 by enabling the relocalization of HuR from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Accordingly, we have also shown that p16 is necessary for efficient UV-dependent p53 up-regulation, which also requires HuR. These results indicate that, in addition to its role in cell proliferation, p16^INK4a is also an important regulator of the cellular response to UV damage.     

The p21(WAF1/CIP1) promoter is methylated in Rat-1 cells: stable restoration of p53-dependent p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression after transfection of a genomic clone containing the p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene

Rat-1 cells are used in many studies on transformation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Whereas UV treatment of Rat-1 cells results in apoptosis, X-ray treatment does not induce either apoptosis or a cell cycle block. X-ray treatment of Rat-1 cells results in both an increase of p53 protein and expression of the p53-inducible gene MDM2 but not the protein or mRNA of the p53-inducible p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene, which in other cells plays an important role in p53-mediated cell cycle block. The lack of p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression appears to be the result of hypermethylation of the p21(WAF1/CIP1) promoter region, as p21(WAF1/CIP1) protein expression could be induced by growth of Rat-1 cells in the presence of 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine. Furthermore, sequence analysis of bisulfite-treated DNA demonstrated extensive methylation of cytosine residues in CpG dinucleotides in a CpG-rich island in the promoter region of the p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene. Stable X-ray-induced p53-dependent p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and cell cycle block were restored to a Rat-1 clone after transfection with a P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) DNA clone containing a rat genomic copy of the p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene. The absence of expression of the p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene may contribute to the suitability of Rat-1 cells for transformation, cell cycle, and apoptosis studies.     

8-chloroadenosine induced HL-60 cell growth inhibition, differentiation, and G(0)/G(1) arrest involves attenuated cyclin D1 and telomerase and up-regulated p21(WAF1/CIP1)

8-Chloroadenosine, an active dephosphorylated metabolite of the antineoplastic agent 8-chloroadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (8-Cl-cAMP), induces growth inhibition in multiple carcinomas. Here we report that 8-chloroadenosine inhibits growth in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells by a G(0)/G(1) phase arrest and terminates cell differentiation along the granulocytic lineage. The mechanism of 8-chloroadenosine-induced G(0)/G(1) arrest is independent of apoptosis. The expressions of cyclin D1 and c-myc in HL-60 are suppressed by 8-chloroadenosine, whereas the cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) is up-regulated. 8-Chloroadenosine has less effect on the expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)2 and cdk4, G(1) phase cyclin-dependent kinases, and only moderately induces the expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and the mitotic inhibitor p27(KIP1). Telomerase activity is reduced in extracts of 8-chloroadenosine treated HL-60 cells, but 8-chloroadenosine does not directly inhibit the catalytic activity of telomerase in vitro. Therefore, anti-proliferation of HL-60 cells by 8-chloroadenosine involves coordination of cyclin D1 suppression, reduction of telomerase activity, and up-regulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) that arrest cell-cycle progression at G(0)/G(1) phase and terminate cell differentiation.