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Dubovskaya L. V. Molchan O. V. Volotovsky I. D. 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2001,48(1):19-22
The concentration of cGMP in the tissues of oat (Avena sativaL.) seedlings was shown to depend on seedling age and the light regime of their growth. The level of cGMP in the etiolated seedlings was lower than in the green ones and declined with seedling age. Red and blue light recognized by phytochrome and cryptochrome, respectively, affected the cGMP content. The effectors of cGMP metabolism, guanylin, protoporphyrin IX, and zaprinast, elevated the cGMP content in tissue extracts from oat seedlings. 相似文献
3.
Kabachevskaya E. M. Lyakhnovich G. V. Volotovskii I. D. 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2004,51(6):769-773
The effect of synthetic analogs of phytohormones and red light absorbed by phytochrome on the phospholipase D activity (PLD) was studied in oat (Avena sativa L.) seedlings. ABA manifested a short-term stimulating effect on PLD activity in the green seedlings and inhibited phospholipase activity in the etiolated plants. Kinetin inhibited enzyme activity in the etiolated seedlings and did not affect its activity in light. GA did not markedly affect PLD activity in the etiolated plants and activated this enzyme in the green seedlings. Finally, IAA did not affect the enzyme activity. The relationship of the regulatory effects of phytohormones and light on PLD activity is discussed. 相似文献
4.
Kabachevskaya E. M. Lyakhnovich G. V. Volotovsky I. D. 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2002,49(4):518-523
The effect of light on the activity of phospholipase D (PLD) in oat (Avena sativa L.) seedlings and the dependence of this enzyme activity on the regime of their illumination were studied. The PLD activity in etiolated seedlings was 1.5–2.0-fold higher than in green plants. The illumination of etiolated seedlings with white light resulted in a decrease in PLD activity to its level in the seedlings grown under light. In contrast, the transfer of green seedlings to darkness enhanced the activity of the enzyme up to its level in etiolated seedlings. The illumination of etiolated seedlings with red light inhibited the PLD as well. It was shown that this photoeffect decreased with seedling aging and correlated with a phytochrome content in plants. Far-red light reversed the effect of red light. The involvement of phytochrome in the control of the PLD activity is discussed. 相似文献
5.
A double-antibody sandwich, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed for phytochrome in Avena sativa L. cv. Saladin. An immunoglobulin fraction of rabbit antiserum raised to 118 kdalton phytochrome was used with alkaline phosphatase as the enzyme label. The assay detected as little as 0.2 ng phytochrome in extracts of dark-grown plant material. No evidence for specific or non-specific measurement of proteins other than phytochrome was found. The assay detected phytochrome in extracts of Avena grown in the light. Dilution curves for light-grown phytochrome extracts had a reduced slope and saturated at a lower level of enzyme activity than those for dark extracts. These differences were not caused by an inhibitor in extracts from light-grown plants. Phytochromes from dark- and light-grown plants may be immunologically different. 相似文献
6.
Senescence in oat leaves: Changes in translatable mRNAs 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Nasir S. A. Malik 《Physiologia plantarum》1987,70(3):438-446
Changes in translatable mRNA populations during the senescence of oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Victory) leaves were examined by analyzing the in vitro translation products of isolated RNA. Total RNA was isolated from oat leaves of 7-day-old seedlings, and also after these leaves were aged for different lengths of time under various conditions. Polypeptides from in vitro translations were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to estimate any changes in translatable mRNA populations associated with senescence. Corresponding leaf samples were monitored for loss of chlorophyll as a measure of the extent of senescence. The aging of excised leaves in the light for 4 days resulted in the disappearance or substantial quantitative decrease of a number of mRNA species, while only five new translatable mRNA species were produced. Three of these mRNAs were unique to aging of leaves under light. Two of these mRNA species were also produced during the early stages of senescence in attached leaves of seedlings grown under light. The translatable mRNA populations of leaves aged for 4 days either on intact seedlings or detached and kept in the light in the presence of kinetin were very similar. Aging of excised leaves in the dark on water for 24 h resulted in very extensive changes in translatable mRNA populations. Over thirty polypeptides disappeared or were substantially reduced in quantity, while about an equal number appeared de novo or were substantially increased in quantity. Aging of these leaves for an additional 24 or 48 h resulted in only a few additional changes in translatable mRNAs. The presence of kinetin during aging of excised leaves in the dark inhibited few of the numerous changes in mRNAs that occured during the first 24 h, but did inhibit most of the changes that occured after 48 or 72 h of aging in the dark. When leaves were first aged in the dark and then returned to light, most of the initial changes in translatable mRNAs expression were reversed. Such changes in mRNAs thus appear to be light-regulated and not necessarily associated with senescence. 相似文献
7.
The absorption and translocation of diclofop-methyl (methyl 2-[4(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate) was examined by using a specially designed treatment apparatus that separated excised roots or roots of seedlings into four zones. [14 C]-Diclofop-methyl was absorbed along the entire root length of both wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and oat ( Avena sativa L.). In both species, absorption was greatest in the apical region of the root. Absorption by the apical region of wheat roots was more than three times greater than the basal portions, and more than twice as great as the apical region of oat roots. Less than 5% of the absorbed diclofop-methyl was translocated in both wheat and oat roots. Diclofop-methyl and diclofop(2-[4(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid) were the predominant translocated forms. The absorption and translocation of amitrole (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole) were also examined. Amitrole was absorbed along the entire length of wheat roots and translocated primatily in the basipetal direction. The usefulness of the specially designed apparatus for biochemical and physiological studies is discussed. 相似文献
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10.
J. M. Bonga 《Physiologia plantarum》1984,62(3):416-421
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting have been used to study the association between phytochrome and membranes in dark-grown tissue of Avena sativa L. cv. Saladin. Enhanced phytochrome pelletability can be demonstrated by ELISA after red irradiation in vivo and extraction in buffer containing Mg2+ , but not with red irradiation of Mg2+ alone. This enhanced association may, however, be restricted to specific membranes. The results obtained with ELISA are confirmed by Western blotting techniques. Membrane-associated and soluble phytochrome give different immunological responses and it is suggested that immunologically distinct populations of phytochrome may exist in dark-grown tissue. 相似文献
11.
Phytochrome (120 kdalton) was isolated from etiolated seedlings of Avena sativa L. cv. Pirol (Baywa, München). Low temperature spectra between −17°C and −160°C are recorded for Pr , Pfr , and irradiated phytochrome samples. The temperature-dependence of the Pr and Pfr absorption spectra is described. Difference spectra of such temperature effects can erroneously be interpreted as difference spectra of intermediates. Probable absorption spectra of intermediates are calculated from the spectra of irradiated Pr or Pfr , respectively. The calculated spectral data are compared with published data on phytochrome intermediates. 相似文献
12.
Morphometric analysis of inflorescence phytoliths produced byAvena sativa L. andAvena strigos schreb
Morphometric analysis, the study of measurements of size and shape, has the potential to be an effective tool for phytolith
analysis. This study reports the first attempt to apply the methodology to oats. In particular, this study was designed to
determine if morphometric analysis could adequately discriminate between phytoliths produced in the inflorescence bracts of
two species of oats, Avena sativa L. and Avena strigosa Schreb. Results indicate that while the taxa produce the same types
of phytoliths, those phytoliths have significantly different measurements of size and shape. This suggests the technique has
the potential to become a powerful research tool for investigators working in the wide variety of disciplines that utilize
phytolith analysis. 相似文献
13.
Transverse electrical potentials were induced by 435.8 nm light, with lateral illumination of coleoptiles of Avena sativa L. cv. Blenda. The potentials were recorded with the aid of the vibrating electrode technique, thus avoiding touching of the plants. The light dose was varied by changing the illumination time, the irradiance always being 3.9.10-3 W m-2 . The transverse potential varied in time after the start of illumination and the magnitude of it was dose-dependent. Maximum voltages recorded were of the order of 15 mV, the illuminated side of the coleoptile then being negative with respect to the shaded side. Dose response curves were constructed and were very similar to dose response curves published in the literature for phototropic (blue light induced) curvatures. 相似文献
14.
- Welsh onions (Allium fistulosum L.) are often affected by stressful environments, such as high light and drought, during summer cultivation, which hinders their growth.
- We used CO2 assimilation, OJIP transient and MR curves to analyse the photosynthetic characteristics of Welsh onion.
- The results showed that single high light stress caused a decrease in the net photosynthesis rate through stomatal limitation, while the single drought treatment and the combined stress induced nonstomatal limitation. FO and FJ increased, Fm decreased, and a distinct K‐phase was induced. High light and drought stress blocked MR transients, leading to a gradual decrease in VPSI and VPSII‐PSI.
- In general, photosynthesis of Welsh onion was inhibited by high light and drought, which destroyed the receptor and donor side of PSII and reduced electron transport capacity of PSII and PSI.
15.
Brushite purified phytochrome from Avena sativa L. cv. Sol II was bound to phenyl Sepharose, octyl Sepharose, CNBr-activated Sepharose and to anti-phytochrome immunoglobulins immobilized on Sepharose. The spectral properties of phytochrome bound to anti-phytochrome immunoglobulins and to phenyl Sepharose were similar to phytochrome in solution. Phytochrome bound to CNBr-activated Sepharose or to octyl Sepharose showed reduced Pfr formation after red irradiation. The reversal to Pr with far-red light was only partial but a further increase at 667 nm took place slowly in the dark. A peak at 657 nm was seen in the difference spectrum between CNBr-activated Sepharose-bound phytochrome kept in darkness and the identical sample immediately after a far-red irradiation.
The change in linear dichroism at 660 nm and 730 nm, induced by plane polarized red or far-red light, was measured. It was computed that the long-wavelength transition moment of phytochrome had an average rotation angle of 31.5° or 180°–31.5°. The substrate used for immobilization had a limited effect on the rotation angle. Phytochrome immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose gave an angle of 27.8° and phytochrome immobilized on phenyl Sepharose gave an angle of 32.6°. 相似文献
The change in linear dichroism at 660 nm and 730 nm, induced by plane polarized red or far-red light, was measured. It was computed that the long-wavelength transition moment of phytochrome had an average rotation angle of 31.5° or 180°–31.5°. The substrate used for immobilization had a limited effect on the rotation angle. Phytochrome immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose gave an angle of 27.8° and phytochrome immobilized on phenyl Sepharose gave an angle of 32.6°. 相似文献
16.
Atsushi Ishihara Kana Kojima Takeshi Fujita Yuya Yamamoto Hiromitsu Nakajima 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(12):1975-1983
Avenanthramides are characteristic constituents of oat seeds. We analyzed the methanol extract of oat seeds by HPLC and detected three compounds 1, 2, and 3 eluted at retention times similar to avenanthramides. The three compounds were purified by column chromatography and HPLC. Spectroscopic analyses of 1, 2, and 3 suggested that they are amides of 4,5-dihydroxyanthranilic acid with caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids, respectively. Their identities were confirmed by comparing spectra and chromatographic behavior with compounds synthesized from 4,5-dihydroxyanthranilic acid and N-hyrdroxysuccinimide esters of hydroxycinnamic acids. LC-MS/MS analysis with multiple reaction monitoring showed that the amounts of 1, 2, and 3 were 16.5–26.9% of corresponding avenanthamides with 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed stronger 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity than the corresponding avenanthramides with 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid, indicating the involvement of 4,5-dihydroxyanthranilic acid moiety in the scavenging of DPPH radicals. 相似文献
17.
刈割时间、刈割强度与施肥处理对燕麦补偿的影响 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
刈割强度、刈割时间和施肥状况对燕麦的补偿有明显影响作用。在不施肥条件下,分蘖期轻度刈割有利于植物的补偿作用,拔节期重度刈割以及重复刈割影响植物生长。施肥可以提高受适度刈割损害植物的补偿程度。无论施肥与否,燕麦都没有发生明显的超补偿现象。但在施肥条件下,留茬高度8cm的刈割处理使燕麦在一定程度上提高了植物的生产力,尤其是秆叶的干重。 相似文献
18.
Juan Isidro Sánchez-Duarte David Guadalupe Reta-Sánchez José Antonio Cueto-Wong Arturo Reyes-González Esmeralda Ochoa-Martínez 《Phyton》2019,88(4):435-448
Canola and oat forage potential may be affected by climatic conditions
when sown early. The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage canola and
oat potential in four early sowing dates (September 11 and 25; October 9 and 23)
during the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 cycles in Matamoros, Coahuila, Mexico.
Growth cycle duration, chemical composition, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP),
and net energy for lactation (NEL) yields were determined. High temperatures and
long photoperiods affected crops seeded on September 11, accelerating growth and
reducing canola (26.6%-31.7%) and oat (15.8%) DM yields. As of September 25,
canola cv IMC 205 reached DM yields (7746 kg ha-1
-9276 kg ha-1
) similar to those
obtained by oat (8115 kg ha-1
-9507 kg ha-1
), while canola cv Hyola 401 obtained
such yields only until October 23. Canola chemical composition was better than
that found in oat, with higher CP, but lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral
detergent fiber (NDF) contents. Canola equaled oat CP yields (972 kg ha-1
-1215 kg
ha-1
) in the first sowing date, while in the other three other canola sowings reached
higher yields (1193 kg ha-1
-1889 kg ha-1
). As for NEL yields, no difference was
observed between both species. The best sowing date for canola is from September
25 on, with CP production advantages over oat. 相似文献
19.
Phytochrome is not involved in the red-light-enhancement of the stomatal blue-light-response in wheat seedlings 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Per Erik Karlsson 《Physiologia plantarum》1988,74(3):544-548
The stomatal response to blue light (BL) in wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Starke II, Weibull) was enhanced by background red light (R). This enhancement was only slightly affected by the addition of background far-red light (FR). Under similar light treatments, the addition of FR induced a 43% transformation from the far-red-absorbing form towards the red-absorbing form of phytochrome from etiolated oat ( Avena sativa L. cv. Sol II), immobilized on phenyl-sepharose. Furthermore, the enhancement of the stomatal BL-response by 15 min R was not reversed by a subsequent irradiation with 5 min FR. It is concluded that the red-light-enhancement of the stomatal blue-light-response in wheat seedlings does not involve a change in the photostationary state of phytochrome. 相似文献
20.
The effect of high light on the acceptor side of photosystem II of chloroplasts and core particles of spinach was studied.
BothV
max and apparentK
m for DCIP were altered in photoinhibited photosystem II core particles. The double reciprocal plot analysis as a function
of actinic light showed increased slope in chloroplasts photoinhibited in the presence of DCMU. Exposure of chloroplasts to
high light in the presence of DCMU did not protect the chloroplast against high light induced decrease in Fm, level. Further the high light stress induced decrease inF
m level was not restored by the addition of DCMU. These results suggest that the high light stress induced damage to chloroplast
involves alteration in the binding site forQ
B on the DI protein on the acceptor side of photosystem II 相似文献