Mathematics for BioMathics

The essence of biological phenomena appears in form and function: “Form follows function.” Mathematically, G × M → M, where G contains the parameters of the action and M is the form. The Mathematics for this purpose is largely available and is well described in a recent book (Felix et al., 2008).     

Understanding super-enhancers

正Super-enhancers are defined as cluster of enhancers with dense TF binding,which can activate proximal cell-identity gene expression.Here we review the identification,functional significance of super-enhancers,and their relationships with cancer.With the current intense interests in super-enhancers,more super-enhancers will be defined and     

Mathematics and School Biology

A model, based on commercially available beads, is described. The model enables many of the biochemical and chromosomal processes involved in the transmission of the genetic material to be easily and cheaply illustrated.     

Mathematics for the Majority

The development of an experimental system which can be used for demonstrating population studies in Chlorella vulgaris, and which is appropriate for use in secondary schools, is described. A culture medium was prepared on the basis of established inorganic nutrient requirements, and several cultures were set up to test the effects of variations in nutrient composition, temperature, pH, light and aeration. A satisfactory system was eventually found which produced an ideal (sigmoidal) population-growth curve within three weeks. A similar pattern of results, though with different growth rates and maximum population levels, was obtained both for controlled and ambient conditions of light and temperature, and for aerated tube and non-aerated flask cultures. Non-aerated tube cultures were relatively ineffective. Two methods were used, the counting of cells and the measurement of optical density, for estimating population density, and comparative results were obtained for serial dilutions of a standard culture.