马来西亚蚱科及一新种记述（直翅目：蚱总科）

报道记述了采自马来西亚的蚱科28种,其中包括6新种（Phaesticus azemii sp. nov., Discotettix adenanii sp. nov, Discotettix selangori sp. nov.,Scelimena hafizaii sp. nov, Scelimena razalii sp. nov.和Gavialidium phangensum sp. nov.）,并包括马来西亚新记录种11种。提供了马来西亚已记录属和种的检索表。     

黑龙江省金色蝗属一新种(直翅目：蝗总科)

报道了采自黑龙江省的蝗总科昆虫一新种：佳木斯金色蝗Chry sacris jiamusi sp.nov.,并与其近似种辽宁金色蝗Ch.liaoningensis Zheng和秦岭金色蝗Ch.qinlingensis Zheng做了比较。模式标本保存于东北师范大学生命科学学院动物标本室。     

湖南蝗虫二新种(直翅目：斑腿蝗科)

记述斑腿蝗科Catantopidae 卵翅蝗属Caryanda Stal ,1878一新种雪峰山卵翅蝗C. xuefengshanensis sp.nov. 和蹦蝗属Sinopodisma Chang,1940 一新种大围山蹦蝗S. daweishana sp. nov.。前者标本采自湖南省黄桑自然保护区（绥宁县）;后者标本采自湖南省大围山国家森林公园(浏阳市)。     

黑龙江省康蝗属一新种(直翅目：蝗总科)

报道了采自黑龙江省克山县古城镇的康蝗属一新种克山康蝗Kangacriskeshanensis Renet Zheng,sp. nov、并与其近似种做了比较。     

中国野蝗属的分类研究及一新种记述（直翅目：蝗总科：斑腿蝗科）

研究了分布于中国野蝗属的种类,记述了一个新种,即黑翅野蝗Fer nigripennis sp. nov.,并提供了分种检索表。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

吉林雏蝗属一新种（直翅目：蝗总科）

记述了采自松嫩草原的雏蝗属Chorthippus Fieber一新种,即吉林雏蝗Chorthippus jilinensis sp. Nov.,并与其近似种翠饰雏蝗C.dichrous (Ev.)做了比较。模式标本保存于东北师范大学生命科学学院动物标本室。     

中国拟裸蝗属分类研究及二新种记述（鳞翅目：斑腿蝗科）

记述了我国拟裸蝗属10种, 其中有2新种, 即香格里拉拟裸蝗Conophymacris xianggelilaensis sp. nov. 及九龙拟裸蝗Conophymacris jiulongensis sp. nov., 附有分种检索表和种类分布。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所及河北大学博物馆。     

宁夏癞蝗科一新属及二新种记述(直翅目：蝗总科)

宁夏癞蝗科一新属及二新种记述（直翅目：蝗总科）郑哲民,贺达汉（陕西师范大学动物研究所西安７１００６２）（宁夏农学院农学系永宁７５０１０５）一在整理采自宁夏回族自治区蝗虫标本时,发现有癞蝗科蝗虫一新属二新种［１～６］,现记述如下。模式标本保存于陕西师范...     

中国窝蝗属一新种：直翅目：蝗总科：剑角蝗科

本文了剑角蝗科窝蝗属１新种：郑氏窝蝗Ｆｏｖｅｏｌａｔａｃｒｉｓ ｚｈｅｎｇｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。,采自甘肃省南县宝瓶河牧场;并据此对属征作了必要的修订,给出了分种检索表。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

东洋界肘角广口蝇属分类研究及一新种记述（双翅目：广口蝇科）

检视和研究了东洋界肘角广口蝇属Loxoneura Macquart(双翅目：广口蝇科)的全部种类,确认目前该属共知12种。详细记述了其中的一新种：西藏肘角广口蝇L.tibetana sp. Nov.。记载了下列5种的地理分布新记录： 大斑肘角广口蝇L. fascialis Kertesz、三带肘角广口蝇L. livida Hendel和花翅肘角广口蝇L. pictipennis (Walker) 为中国新记录种;艳丽肘角广口蝇L. decora (Fabr icius) 为马来西亚和婆罗洲的新记录种;台湾肘角广口蝇L. formosae Kertesz为印度新记录种。讨论了肘角广口蝇属的属征,并提供全部已知种类（除老挝肘角广口蝇 L. vitalisiana Frey外）的鉴别特征、分种检索表及其有关特征图。     

Isolation and characterization of 12 microsatellite loci from Golden‐winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) with broad cross‐taxon utility in emberizine songbirds

We describe 12 microsatellite loci from the Golden‐winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera), a bird species of conservation concern owing to competition and hybridization with the Blue‐winged Warbler (V. pinus). Directional mitochondral DNA introgression from V. pinus into V. chrysoptera has been reported within the hybrid zone. Frequent hybrid phenotypes suggest that nuclear introgression is also prevalent, although this has not been demonstrated conclusively with molecular markers. These microsatellites will foster explorations of the genetic interactions between these avian congeners, and amplification tests suggest that they have high cross‐species utility for closely allied bird genera and families.     

Generation specific life history traits of winged shape Sitobion avenae

When reared under constant conditions from egg hatch the proportion of offspring of Sitobion avenae (F.) (Aphididae: Macrosiphini) that developed into winged individuals declined from the second to fourth generation. The winged individuals produced in these three generations showed a progressive decrease in their wet and dry weights and an increase in the length of their largest embryo with generation. The trend in winged individual production and also the trends in their size and reproductive strategy appear to be programmed and are similar to the generation specific strategies that have been described in other species of aphid.     

Alternative mating tactics and extreme male dimorphism in fig wasps

The dimorphisms in morphology and behaviour of male fig wasps are among the most extreme in the animal kingdom, and offer excellent opportunities to test the predictions of certain sexual selection models. Winged males resemble their conspecific females closely, but wingless males are so divergent in form that they have repeatedly been classified into different taxa. Wingless males mate within their natal fig fruits, whereas winged males disperse to mate. Individual species may have winged males, wingless males or both morphs. A key hypothesis proposes that sexual selection on male mating opportunities favours winged males in species with small broods and wingless males in species with large broods. Using data from 114 species in 33 genera, we show that both simple and formal comparative analyses support the correlated evolution of large brood size and male winglessness. Theoretical models further predict that, in male dimorphic species, the proportion of winged males should equal (in cases without local mate competition) or exceed (in cases with local mate competition) the proportion of females developing in fig fruits without wingless males. These predictions are met by eight out of nine male dimorphic species studied. Taken together, the patterns across all species, and between different male dimorphic species, strongly support sexual selection on mating opportunities as the major determinant of male morph ratios in fig wasps.     

New Liphistius species (Araneae, Mesothelae) from southern Thailand and northern Malaysia

Four new Liphistius species are described from southern Thailand: L. rufipes (also occurring in northern Malaysia), L. fuscus, L. castaneus and L. albipes. The males of L. bicoloripes Ono and L. schwendingeri Ono are described for the first time. Zoogeography and taxonomic relationships are discussed, notes are given on the natural history of each species.     

Comparative cytogenetic analysis of two grasshopper species of the tribe Abracrini (Ommatolampinae, Acrididae)

The grasshopper species Orthoscapheus rufipes and Eujivarus fusiformis were analyzed using several cytogenetic techniques. The karyotype of O. rufipes, described here for the first time, had a diploid number of 2n = 23, whereas E. fusiformis had a karyotype with 2n = 21. The two species showed the same mechanism of sex determination (XO type) but differed in chromosome morphology. Pericentromeric blocks of constitutive heterochromatin (CH) were detected in the chromosome complement of both species. CMA(3)/DA/DAPI staining revealed CMA(3)-positive blocks in CH regions in four autosomal bivalents of O. rufipes and in two of E. fusiformis. The location of active NORs differed between the two species, occurring in bivalents M(6) and S(9) of O. rufipes and M(6) and M(7) of E. fusiformsi. The rDNA sites revealed by FISH coincided with the number and position of the active NORs detected by AgNO(3) staining. The variability in chromosomal markers accounted for the karyotype differentiation observed in the tribe Abracrini.     

Does wing reduction influence the relationship between altitude and insect body size? A case study using New Zealand's diverse stonefly fauna

Researchers have long been intrigued by evolutionary processes that explain biological diversity. Numerous studies have reported strong associations between animal body size and altitude, but insect analyses have often yielded equivocal results. Here, we analyze a collection database of New Zealand's diverse endemic stonefly fauna (106 species across 21 genera) to test for relationships between altitude and plecopteran body size. This insect assemblage includes a variety of wing‐reduced (26 spp) and fully winged (80 spp) taxa and covers a broad range of altitudes (0–2,000 m). We detected significant relationships between altitude and body size for wing‐reduced, but not fully winged, stonefly taxa. These results suggest that, while the maintenance of flight apparatus might place a constraint on body size in some fully winged species, the loss of flight may free insects from this evolutionary constraint. We suggest that rapid switches in insect dispersal ability may facilitate rapid evolutionary shifts across a number of biological attributes and may explain the inconsistent results from previous macroecological analyses of insect assemblages.     

Large-scale phylogenetic analyses reveal fagalean diversification promoted by the interplay of diaspores and environments in the Paleogene

The order Fagales (ca. 1325 species, 32 genera) is one of the most important orders of woody angiosperms in both tropical and temperate forests. Fagalean plants have diverse diaspores and dispersal modes, and have abundant macrofossil records. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Fagales to date based on five plastid loci. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships within Fagales using parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian approaches. We inferred the evolutionary shifts of diaspore types, dispersal modes, habitats, and pollination syndromes, and estimated divergence times and rates of diversification. Fossil fruit records of Fagales were also reviewed. Our results suggest that fagalean families are all monophyletic and 29 of the 32 genera are monophyletic. The majority of inter-familial and inter-generic relationships were well resolved. Our evolutionary reconstructions indicate that winged diaspore is synapomorphic, and animal dispersal system is symplesiomorphic in Fagales. Within the order, the families diverged in the mid-Cretaceous but mainly diversified after the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary. The overwhelming majority of winged and wingless fruited genera diverged or diversified during the Paleogene, reflecting adaptation to wind and animal dispersals, respectively. Correlated evolution analyses strongly supported the correlated transitions between dispersal mode and habitat. The winged fruited groups often inhabit open habitats and are commonly dispersed abiotically, whereas the wingless fruits usually inhabit closed habitats and have a vertebrate-dispersal mode. Environmental changes triggered increased diversification of Fagales in the Paleogene together with evolution of diaspores and dispersal modes. Additionally, our paleobotanically calibrated time-scale for Fagales may be useful for ecological and physiological studies.     

拟裸蝗属昆虫生物地理研究

采用支序生物地理学的方法对拟裸蝗属昆虫生物地理进行了研究。研究表明各地区明显地分为两个类群,同时地区分化分4次完成,保山、个旧和昭通为较早分化地区。并推测拟裸蝗属的形成可能在第1次冰期,其起源地在云南、四川两省交界的横断山东部地区,种的分化在第3次冰期之后,主要集中在新仙女木降温事件前后。冰期和间冰期的交互出现所导致的气温剧烈变化是促使其分化成种的主要原因。并认为拟裸蝗属昆虫今后的分布区域将进一步缩小,并向更高海拔的山地迁移。     

FENESTRATE BRYOZOAN GENERA BASED ON SPECIES FROM IRELAND ORIGINALLY DESCRIBED BY FREDERICK M'COY IN 1844

Abstract:  A large number of fenestrate bryozoan species were named in 'A Synopsis of the Characters of the Carboniferous Limestone Fossils of Ireland' by Frederick M'Coy (1844). At the same time, M'Coy named the bryozoan genera Ichthyorachis , Ptylopora and Polypora , each of which by monotypy or by subsequent designation was based on new species within that work. Subsequently, d' Orbigny (1849) named Fenestrellina with the type species Fenestella crassa M'Coy, 1844 as type species; Miller (1961) named Parafenestella with the type species Fenestella formosa M'Coy, 1844 as type species; and Wyse Jackson (1988) named Baculopora with the type species Vincularia megastoma M'Coy, 1844. We re-describe here in more detail than previously the fenestrate type species originally published in M'Coy (1844), provide diagnoses of the genera, and compare the nineteenth century genera with more recently named genera that have been discriminated specifically from them.