EDNRB基因编码区点突变及多态性在浙江地区散发性先天性巨结肠症中的检测与分析

本实验应用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(single strand confbrmation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products,PCR-SSCP)和DNA直接测序技术,对75例浙江地区散发性先天性巨结肠病例EDNRB基因编码区的全部7个外显子,进行了点突变与单核苷酸多态性的检测与分析,探讨浙江地区先天性巨结肠患者EDNRB基因的突变特征,阐明EDNRB基因与散发性先天性巨结肠症发病之间可能存在的关系。结果有6例患者在第4外显子上检测到密码子277位点 CTG→CTA的置换,导致亮氨酸的同义突变(L277L),属于单核苷酸多态性,发生率为8％(6/75)。有 2例患者在第2外显子上检测到密码子185位点GTG→ATG的置换,导致缬氨酸到蛋氨酸的错义突变(V185M),此突变型未在国内外文献中报道过,认为是新的基因突变型,突变率2．7％(2/75)。研究结果表明,浙江地区先天性巨结肠群体可发生EDNRB基因的杂合性突变,提示EDNRB基因与先天性巨结肠症的发病存在一定程度的关联。     

奶牛β-Lg基因第1外显子PCR-SSCP多态性与泌乳性能的相关性

采用PCR-SSCP技术并结合测序对233头奶牛β乳球蛋白(β-Lg)基因5’端部分序列和外显子1全部序列进行了多态性研究,分析了该基因与奶牛泌乳性状的相关性。结果表明:β-Lg基因5’端和外显子1共存在2个等位基因3种基因型,BB型为优势基因型,B为优势等位基因。该群体在这一位点上偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.3548。测序结果显示,与普通牛该基因序列(X14710)相比,B等位基因在2073 bp、2202 bp和2206 bp处发生了G→C、C→T和A→G的碱基突变,其中2202 bp处的C→T突变导致第11位氨基酸由苏氨酸变为异亮氨酸,而A等位基因在3个位点上与X14710相同。最小二乘法分析表明,BB型305 d乳蛋白量显著高于AA型和AB型(P<0.05);AB型305 d乳脂量显著高于AA型(P<0.05),BB型与AB型之间差异不显著(P>0.05);等位基因B为高乳蛋白量和乳脂量的优势基因,可作为奶牛选育的分子遗传标记。     

甘肃河西地区西门塔尔杂交类群NGB基因第3外显子的遗传变异研究

旨在对甘肃河西的临泽、甘州、武威、金昌、高台5个地区283头西门塔尔杂交类群NGB基因第3外显子的遗传多态性及变异特征进行系统分析,采用PCR-SSCP方法检测了283头西门塔尔杂交类群NGB基因第3外显子和部分内含子的多态性,且对群体内各等位基因进行了测序。结果显示,5个地区西门塔尔杂交类群共检测出5个等位基因(A、B、C、D、E),表现为5种基因型(AA、AB、AC、AD、AE)。其中甘州、武威、金昌西门塔尔杂交类群NGB基因均只检测到AA、AB 2种基因型,高台西门塔尔杂交类群检测到AA、AE 2种基因型,临泽西门塔尔杂交类群检测到AA、AB、AC、AD 4种基因型。A等位基因和AA基因型的频率在5个群体中最高,为优势基因和优势基因型。对不同SSCP带型的对应片段进行测序分析,共发现6个核苷酸突变位点(75 bp C→T,78 bp C→G,128 bp G→A,214 bp G→A,232 bp C→T,233 bp G→A),其中第75 bp和第78 bp处的突变位点位于内含子区域,其余4处突变位点均位于外显子区域。第214 bp处的核苷酸突变导致甘氨酸(Gly)突变为丝氨酸(Ser),第232 bp处核苷酸突变导致精氨酸(Arg)突变为色氨酸(Trp),第233 bp处核苷酸突变导致精氨酸(Arg)突变为谷氨酰胺(Gln),经χ2检验结果显示,5个地区的西门塔尔杂交类群在此3个突变位点上都处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05)。群体遗传学分析结果表明,临泽、甘州、武威、金昌、高台西门塔尔杂交类群的多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.0582、0.0196、0.0196、0.0161、0.0159,均属于低度多态(PIC0.25)。     

人粒细胞集落刺激因子cDNA的克隆、序列鉴定及初步表达

利用多聚酶链反应技术,从人膀胱癌细胞系5637细胞中快速扩增并克隆了人粒细胞集落刺激因子cDNA,序列分析证明,该cDNA包含人粒细胞集落刺激因子的全部编码基因,全长612bp,编码30个氨基酸的信号肽和174个氨基酸的成熟蛋白。其中第43位codon出现一个碱基的突变(CAC→TAC)导至第43位氨基酸的改变(组氨酸→酪氨酸)。经逆转录病毒导入SP2/0细胞并初步表达。结果表明:该基因产物具有G-CSF活性。     

进行性骨化性纤维增殖不良症临床及基因突变分析

目的:研究一例具有超经典型临床特征的FOP患者,并对其ACVR1/ALK2基因进行分析。方法:根据患者的大踇趾畸形和进行性异位骨化等表现进行临床诊断,确诊为FOP。经患者及家属同意,采集患者、父母外周血,提取DNA,通过PCR扩增并直接测序测定ACVR1基因全部外显子序列,以此来确定突变位点。结果:患者具有超经典型FOP的临床表现:先天性大踇趾畸形,先天性双手拇指、食指远端关节僵直和进行性异位骨化,父母无FOP的相关临床表现。基因测序分析示该患者在ACVR1第七外显子发现存在c.1067G>A(p.G356D)杂合错义突变,而其父母无此杂合突变。结论:该患者在ACVR1的c.1067G>A(p.G356D)发生杂合错义突变,这有助于我们更好地理解认识中国FOP患者的临床表现和发病机制。     

一例复合杂合性突变所致多发性内分泌腺瘤病1型的临床表现与基因型

目的分析1例多发性内分泌腺瘤病1型(MEN1)患者的临床特征和基因型,以期提高临床医生对本病的认识与诊断的准确性。方法分析患者病史、临床表现、实验室检查及影像学资料,并对MEN1基因进行扩增与测序。结果发现1例临床症状符合典型的多发性内分泌腺瘤病1型患者,基因测序鉴定本例患者的MEN1基因第9号外显子内存在同义突变,为c.1818位T→C(rs540012),第10号外显子存在两处复合杂合性突变,分别是c.2098位C→T(R527X,rs104894261),造成第527位氨基酸精氨酸(CGA)突变为终止密码子TGA;和c.2140位G→A(A541T,rs2959656),造成第541位丙氨酸(GCA)突变为苏氨酸(ACA)。结论本例患者表现了典型的多发性内分泌腺瘤病1型的临床症状与体征,遗传学分析进一步验证了患者携带MEN1基因的致病突变,提示根据临床表现结合基因学确诊本病的可靠性。     

合作猪SLA-DQA基因第4外显子多态性分析

合作猪的MHC-DQA基因的适应性变异,其抗原识别区域(即外显子4)通过PCR扩增和随后的单链构象多态性(SSCP)和序列分析,结果显示在439个合作猪个体,SLA-DQA第4外显子检出4个等位基因和6个基因型(AA、BB、DD、AB、AC和AD),其中A等位基因和AA基因型的频率最高,为优势基因和优势基因型。对不同型的PCR-SSCP条带测序分析,发现7个突变位点(5 068 bp T→C,5 109 bp和5 149 bp处缺失C,5 131 bp A→G导致丝氨酸变为甘氨酸,5 135 bp C→T,5 234 bp G→A,5 136 bp处插入A)。遗传学分析发现,合作猪多态信息含量(PIC)为0.240 1,属于低度多态,各种基因型的分布不显著。研究结果证实,合作猪SLA—DQA基因第4外显子为低度多态。     

甘肃西门塔尔牛甘州类群MSTN基因外显子多态性分析

采用PCR-SSCP方法检测50头甘肃西门塔尔牛甘州类群MSTN基因3个外显子的遗传多态性,并对群体内各等位基因进行测序,旨为探讨西门塔尔牛MSTN基因与肉质性状关联等方面的研究提供理论依据。结果显示,甘肃西门塔尔牛甘州类群MSTN基因3个外显子中,外显子2受B、C等位基因控制,形成BB、CC和BC 3种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.22(11/50)、0.64(32/50)、0.14(7/50);外显子1和外显子3分别受A等位基因与D等位基因控制,形成AA和DD基因型,基因型频率均为1(50/50)。序列分析表明,甘肃西门塔尔牛甘州类群MSTN基因3个外显子中,外显子2在第41 bp处发生了C→T的突变,但并没有导致氨基酸发生改变,属于同义突变;外显子1和3均无突变。统计结果表明,甘肃西门塔尔牛甘州类群MSTN基因3个外显子中,外显子2为中度多态,其余均无变化。     

高坡猪PRKAA1基因多态性检测及生物信息学分析

为了对PRKAA1基因的遗传机理进行更进一步的研究,本试验以高坡猪为研究对象,利用PCR技术对PRKAA1基因的全部外显子进行克隆扩增,并对扩增产物进行正反向直接测序,运用生物信息软件进行序列分析;结果表明,仅在第7外显子75 bp处发现了A/G 1个单核苷酸突变位点,且该位点突变导致氨基酸密码子由CAA变为CAG,所对应编码的氨基酸也由谷酰胺酸(Gln)变为精氨酸(Arg),由于氨基酸的改变导致了PRKAA1基因的mRNA二级结构和蛋白质三级结构发生了构象改变。突变前后该蛋白分子量分别为136.152 k D和136.166 k D,PRKAA1蛋白无跨膜结构,不属于分泌蛋白。本研究结果可为高坡猪的PRKAA1基因表达载体的构建提供依据。     

X-连锁迟发性脊椎骨骺发育不良基因剪接受体突变对mRNA加工的影响

X-连锁迟发性脊椎骨骺发育不良（spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, SEDL）是一种少见的由SEDL基因突变引起的骨软骨发育障碍性疾病,病变主要累及腰椎和近端承重大关节。为研究SEDL基因剪接受体突变(IVS2 -2A→C)对mRNA加工的影响,从该突变所致SEDL患者,以及健康对照者外周血中提取总RNA,逆转录合成cDNA, 以此为模板进行聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction, PCR）,对PCR扩增产物采用双向直接测序和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, PAGE)方法进行分析。测序结果发现IVS2-2A→C突变患者的一种cDNA外显子2与外显子4直接拼接,显示外显子3全部丢失;另一种cDNA外显子1与外显子4拼接,显示外显子2和外显子3均缺失;在健康对照者也发现了外显子2缺失的cDNA。PAGE发现患者和对照者都存在两种RT-PCR产物,长度分别为567bp、425bp以及679bp、537bp,证实了测序结果。这说明SEDL基因第二内含子剪接受体突变（IVS2-2A→C）导致其外显子3在mRNA加工过程中全部丢失,由于SEDL基因的翻译起始位点位于外显子3,它的缺失可能使生成的mRNA不能被翻译,从而引起SEDL发生;外显子2位于5′ UTR,它的缺失提示SEDL基因存在选择性剪接,正常人也存在缺失外显子2的cDNA,说明这种选择性剪接对临床表型的影响似乎并不大,它对基因表达水平和表达调控是否有影响还需要进一步研究。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.