Complete genome sequence of highly multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCGM2.S1, a representative strain of a cluster endemic to Japan

We report the completely annotated genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCGM2.S1, a representative strain of a cluster endemic to Japan with a high level of resistance to carbapenem (MIC ≥ 128 μg/ml), amikacin (MIC ≥ 128 μg/ml), and fluoroquinolone (MIC ≥ 128 μg/ml).     

Complete genome sequence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae type 2a strain 309, isolated in Japan

Mycoplasma pneumoniae strain 309, a type 2a (subtype 2 variant) strain of this bacterium, has variations in the P1 protein, which is responsible for attachment of the bacterium to host cells. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of M. pneumoniae strain 309 isolated from a pneumonia patient in Japan.     

Complete genome sequence of a novel porcine enterovirus strain in China

The porcine enteroviruses (PEVs) belong to the family Picornaviridae. We report a complete genome sequence of a novel PEV strain that is widely prevalent in pigs at least in central and eastern China. The complete genome consists of 7,390 nucleotides, excluding the 3' poly(A) tail, and has an open reading frame that maps between nucleotide positions 812 and 7318 and encodes a 2,168-amino-acid polyprotein. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 3CD and VP1 regions reveals that this PEV strain belongs to a species of PEV9 but may represent a novel sero-/genotype in CPE group III. We also report the major findings from bootscan analysis based on the whole genomes of PEVs in the present study and those available in GenBank.     

Complete genome sequence of an aerobic thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon, Sulfolobus tokodaii strain7.

The complete genomic sequence of an aerobic thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon, Sulfolobus tokodaii strain7 which optimally grows at 80 degrees C, at low pH, and under aerobic conditions, has been determined by the whole genome shotgun method with slight modifications. The genomic size was 2,694,756 bp long and the G + C content was 32.8%. The following RNA-coding genes were identified: a single 16S-23S rRNA cluster, one 5S rRNA gene and 46 tRNA genes (including 24 intron-containing tRNA genes). The repetitive sequences identified were SR-type repetitive sequences, long dispersed-type repetitive sequences and Tn-like repetitive elements. The genome contained 2826 potential protein-coding regions (open reading frames, ORFs). By similarity search against public databases, 911 (32.2%) ORFs were related to functional assigned genes, 921 (32.6%) were related to conserved ORFs of unknown function, 145 (5.1%) contained some motifs, and remaining 849 (30.0%) did not show any significant similarity to the registered sequences. The ORFs with functional assignments included the candidate genes involved in sulfide metabolism, the TCA cycle and the respiratory chain. Sequence comparison provided evidence suggesting the integration of plasmid, rearrangement of genomic structure, and duplication of genomic regions that may be responsible for the larger genomic size of the S. tokodaii strain7 genome. The genome contained eukaryote-type genes which were not identified in other archaea and lacked the CCA sequence in the tRNA genes. The result suggests that this strain is closer to eukaryotes among the archaea strains so far sequenced. The data presented in this paper are also available on the internet homepage (http://www.bio.nite.go.jp/E-home/genome_list-e.html/).     

Complete genome sequence of Bordetella pertussis CS, a Chinese pertussis vaccine strain

Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis. Here, we report the genome sequence of Bordetella pertussis strain CS, isolated from an infant patient in Beijing and widely used as a vaccine strain for production of an acellular pertussis vaccine in China.     

Complete genome sequence of Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 1731, a solvent-producing strain with multireplicon genome architecture

Clostridium acetobutylicum is an important microorganism for solvent production. We report the complete genome sequence of C. acetobutylicum DSM 1731, a genome with multireplicon architecture. Comparison with the sequenced type strain C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824, the genome of strain DSM1731 harbors a 1.7-kb insertion and a novel 11.1-kb plasmid, which might have been acquired during evolution.     

Complete genome sequence of Yersinia pestis strain 91001, an isolate avirulent to humans.

Genomics provides an unprecedented opportunity to probe in minute detail into the genomes of the world's most deadly pathogenic bacteria- Yersinia pestis. Here we report the complete genome sequence of Y. pestis strain 91001, a human-avirulent strain isolated from the rodent Brandt's vole-Microtus brandti. The genome of strain 91001 consists of one chromosome and four plasmids (pPCP1, pCD1, pMT1 and pCRY). The 9609-bp pPCP1 plasmid of strain 91001 is almost identical to the counterparts from reference strains (CO92 and KIM). There are 98 genes in the 70,159-bp range of plasmid pCD1. The 106,642-bp plasmid pMT1 has slightly different architecture compared with the reference ones. pCRY is a novel plasmid discovered in this work. It is 21,742 bp long and harbors a cryptic type IV secretory system. The chromosome of 91001 is 4,595,065 bp in length. Among the 4037 predicted genes, 141 are possible pseudo-genes. Due to the rearrangements mediated by insertion elements, the structure of the 91001 chromosome shows dramatic differences compared with CO92 and KIM. Based on the analysis of plasmids and chromosome architectures, pseudogene distribution, nitrate reduction negative mechanism and gene comparison, we conclude that strain 91001 and other strains isolated from M. brandti might have evolved from ancestral Y. pestis in a different lineage. The large genome fragment deletions in the 91001 chromosome and some pseudogenes may contribute to its unique nonpathogenicity to humans and host-specificity.     

Complete genome sequence of a Dengue virus serotype 4 strain isolated in Roraima, Brazil

Dengue is the most important arboviral disease worldwide. We report the complete genome sequence of a dengue virus serotype 4, genotype II strain isolated in 2010 from a patient with classical dengue fever in Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil.     

Complete genome sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strain Cp267, isolated from a llama

In this work we report the genome of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strain 267, isolated from a llama. This pathogen is of great veterinary and economic importance, as it is the cause of caseous lymphadenitis in several livestock species around the world and causes significant losses due to the high cost of treatment.     

Complete genome sequence of a dengue virus serotype 4 strain isolated in Guangdong, China

Here we report the first complete genome sequence of a dengue virus serotype 4 genotype II strain, GZ30, isolated in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, in 2010. The sequence information provided herein will help us to understand the molecular epidemiology of dengue virus and predict the risk of severe diseases in mainland China.     

Complete genome sequence of Streptococcus pneumoniae strain ST556, a multidrug-resistant isolate from an otitis media patient

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen causing bacterial infection in the middle ear of humans. We previously used S. pneumoniae strain ST556, a low-passage 19F isolate from an otitis media patient, to perform a whole-genome screen for ear infection-associated genes in a chinchilla model. This report presents the complete genome sequence of ST556. The genome sequence will provide information complementary to the experimental data from our genetic study of this strain.     

Complete genome sequence of Pasteurella multocida HN06, a toxigenic strain of serogroup D

Pasteurella multocida is an important etiological agent that can cause many economically important diseases in a wide range of mammals and birds. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of P. multocida HN06, a toxigenic serogroup D strain isolated from a diseased pig in China.     

Complete genome sequence of strain s85, a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae

An agar-degrading marine bacterium identified as a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae (strain S85) was isolated from seawater in Micronesia. The sequenced strain S85 genome is composed of 3,384,629 bp in a circular chromosome, which includes 2,883 complete open reading frames.     

Complete genome sequence of a novel clinical isolate, the nontuberculous Mycobacterium strain JDM601

Mycobacteriosis is on the increase. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are resistant to most antituberculosis drugs naturally. We determined the complete genome sequence of a novel NTM strain, JDM601, of the Mycobacterium terrae complex, which was isolated from a patient with tuberculosis-like disease and with various antibiotic resistances.     

Complete genome sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strain CIP 52.97, isolated from a horse in Kenya

In this work, we report the whole-genome sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis bv. equi strain CIP 52.97 (Collection Institut Pasteur), isolated in 1952 from a case of ulcerative lymphangitis in a Kenyan horse, which has evidently caused significant losses to agribusiness. Therefore, obtaining this genome will allow the detection of important targets for postgenomic studies, with the aim of minimizing problems caused by this microorganism.     

Complete genome sequence of Bifidobacterium breve CECT 7263, a strain isolated from human milk

Bifidobacterium breve is an actinobacterium frequently isolated from colonic microbiota of breastfeeding babies. Here, we report the complete and annotated genome sequence of a B. breve strain isolated from human milk, B. breve CECT 7263. The genome sequence will provide new insights into the biology of this potential probiotic organism and will allow the characterization of genes related to beneficial properties.     

2009年云南省2株肠道病毒71型分离株全基因组序列遗传特性分析

对2009年云南省肠道病毒71型分离株KMM09和KM186-09进行全基因组序列测序,并与我国及其它国家流行的EV71基因型进行比较和进化分析。KMM09和KM186-09基因组长为7 409bp,编码2 193个氨基酸,VP1系统进化分析显示2009年云南分离株属于C4基因型的C4a亚型。在结构区,与其它基因型相比较,C基因型之间的核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性高于其它基因型;而在非结构区,C4与B基因型和CA16原型株G10同源性高于其它C基因亚型。通过RDP3重组软件和blast比对分析,发现EV71C4基因型与B3基因型,与CA16原型株G10的基因组在非结构区存在重组。EV71全基因组序列的比较和分析,对了解引起我国手足口病暴发或流行C4基因亚型EV71毒株的遗传特性具有重要意义。     

Complete genome sequence of Helicobacter cinaedi strain PAGU611, isolated in a case of human bacteremia

We report the complete genome sequence of Helicobacter cinaedi strain PAGU611, isolated in a case of human bacteremia. The PAGU611 genome comprises a 2,078,348-bp chromosome and a 23,054-bp plasmid. The chromosome contains a unique genomic island, encoding a type VI secretion system and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) loci.     

Complete genome sequence of Treponema paraluiscuniculi, strain Cuniculi A: the loss of infectivity to humans is associated with genome decay

Treponema paraluiscuniculi is the causative agent of rabbit venereal spirochetosis. It is not infectious to humans, although its genome structure is very closely related to other pathogenic Treponema species including Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, the etiological agent of syphilis. In this study, the genome sequence of Treponema paraluiscuniculi, strain Cuniculi A, was determined by a combination of several high-throughput sequencing strategies. Whereas the overall size (1,133,390 bp), arrangement, and gene content of the Cuniculi A genome closely resembled those of the T. pallidum genome, the T. paraluiscuniculi genome contained a markedly higher number of pseudogenes and gene fragments (51). In addition to pseudogenes, 33 divergent genes were also found in the T. paraluiscuniculi genome. A set of 32 (out of 84) affected genes encoded proteins of known or predicted function in the Nichols genome. These proteins included virulence factors, gene regulators and components of DNA repair and recombination. The majority (52 or 61.9%) of the Cuniculi A pseudogenes and divergent genes were of unknown function. Our results indicate that T. paraluiscuniculi has evolved from a T. pallidum-like ancestor and adapted to a specialized host-associated niche (rabbits) during loss of infectivity to humans. The genes that are inactivated or altered in T. paraluiscuniculi are candidates for virulence factors important in the infectivity and pathogenesis of T. pallidum subspecies.