中国堇菜科小志：（二）堇菜属植物细胞学的初步研究

本文报道了国产堇菜属9种植物的染色体数目,其中5种为染色体计数新纪录。结果表明,该属植物的染色体数目与柱头形态之间具有明显的相关性,它们在属下各类群内是一致的,而在各类群间则存在明显的差异,支持了多数学者根据柱头形态特征所做的属下类群的分类处理。V.kunawarensisRoyle的染色体计数结果2n=20,充分说明根据柱头形态把该种从Sect.Adnatae(W.Beck.)C.J.Wang移到Sect.Trigonocarpae Godr.是正确的。     

河北堇菜属植物的进一步研究

本文着重运用聚类分析的方法,对河北地区堇菜属植物进行研究,确定本属中组和亚组的划分界限,并通过对形态学特征和地理分布式样的分析,确认蒙古堇菜(V. mongolica Franch．)和北京堇菜(V．pekinensis(Regel) W．Beck．)实属同一个种,北京堇菜不应作为独立的种存在。通过将美丽堇菜组(Sect．Melanium Ging．)与其它类群进行比较,发现差异很大,超出了组和组间的相似性范围,因而支持Juzepczuk(1949)将它提升为亚属的分类处理。     

浙江堇菜属植物新记录

报道了2种堇菜属植物在浙江的分布新记录,分别是福建堇菜(Viola kosanensis Hayata)和亮毛堇菜(Vio-la lucens W.Becker).     

球果堇菜一新变种

本文发表了堇菜属球果堇菜一新变种,即光果球果堇菜Viola collina Bess.var.glabricarpa K.Sun.     

中国堇菜属美丽堇菜亚属(堇菜科)植物分类学修订

对中国堇菜属美丽堇菜亚属植物进行了系统学修订,确认中国堇菜属美丽堇菜亚属植物共有6种,列出分种检索表,对《中国植物志》51卷中未记载的3种进行了详细的描述,并对塔城堇菜、深紫堇菜及隐距堇菜进行了绘图。     

云南堇菜属新种

记述了云南产堇菜属3新种,鸡足山堇菜,淡黄堇菜,宾川堇菜。     

堇菜属(堇菜科)植物新资料

对堇菜科堇菜属Viola的两个种进行了组合。认为过去在东南亚植物文献上记载的Viola curvistylis实为我国云南、海南等地产的云南堇菜V．yunnanensis,前者为后者的异名;而我国文献上记载的光叶堇菜V．hossei实为东南亚分布的V．sumatrana,前者为后者的异名。文中引用的标本全部存放于邱园(Kew)标本馆。     

中国堇菜属(堇菜科)一些种类的修订

通过对模式标本的研究,将Viola principis和V.pogonantha分别作为V.fargesii和V.pilosa的异名;结合野外工作,对V.kwangtungensis做了新的处理。     

蔓茎堇菜和柔毛堇菜多糖的抑菌抗氧化活性

利用乙醇沉淀法提取蔓茎堇菜Viola diffusa和柔毛堇菜V.principis多糖并分别进行抑菌及抗氧化试验。结果表明,蔓茎堇菜和柔毛堇菜多糖提取率分别为7.0%和8.3%。不同倍数体积无水乙醇沉淀提取的多糖抑菌和抗氧化能力不同。抑菌效果显示,蔓茎堇菜多糖对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈分别可达8.46mm和8.59mm,柔毛堇菜对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈均可达9.13mm,但两种堇菜多糖对黑曲霉和啤酒酵母未呈现抑制活性;抗氧化研究发现,蔓茎堇菜多糖抗氧化活性为243.64U·mL^-1,柔毛堇菜多糖抗氧化活性为411.78U·mL^-1。由此可见,无论是抑菌还是抗氧化活性方面,柔毛堇菜极显著优于蔓茎堇菜(P<0.01)。蔓茎堇菜和柔毛堇菜多糖都具有一定的抑菌抗氧化活性,均可作为食药两用植物资源进行开发利用。     

广东堇菜属植物新记录

报道了广东省3种新分布堇菜属植物,分别为犁头叶堇菜Viola magnifica Ching J.Wanget X.D.Wang、白花戟叶堇菜Viola betonicifolia Sm.var.albescens(Nakai)F.Maek.et T.Hashim.和假如意草Viola pseudo-arcuata C.C.Chang。     

A new species of Viola L. (Violaceae) from Sichuan, China

Viola muliensis Y.S. Chen & Q.E. Yang, a new species of Viola L. (Violaceae) from Sichuan, China, is described and illustrated. Viola muliensis is endemic to Muli County, south-western Sichuan. This new species has yellow flowers with very short spurs and belongs to subsection Brevicalcaratae W. Beck., section Dischidium Ging. It is distinguished from other related species by having pedatipartite leaves.  © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 149 , 365–368.     

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals by Endemic Viola Species from the Soil in the Vicinity of the As-Sb-Tl Mine “Allchar”, Republic of Macedonia

Allchar mine is an abandoned arsenic-antimony-thallium deposit located on the north-western part of Ko?uf Mt., Republic of Macedonia. Allchar is a unique deposit within the world, due to the variety of its mineral composition especially and in the high content of thallium. The aim of this work was to assess the level of contamination at this post-mining area as well as to determine the intensity of accumulation of various elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sr, Tl, V, and Zn) with focus on As, Sb and Tl, in two endemic Viola species from this locality (Viola allcharensis G. Beck, Viola arsenica G. Beck) and one Balkan endemic species (Viola macedonica Boiss. &; Heldr.). Samples of different plant parts and soil were digested and then analysed by ICP-AES. It was found that the accumulation of As, Sb, and Tl in these endemic species is significantly high. In this study a systematic investigation of the As-Sb-Tl contamination of soils and their bioavailability was carried out using the extraction procedure in order to explore the mobility and potential bioavailability of the As, Sb, and Tl.     

中国高等植物省级分布新记录(四)

报道了十字花科、海桐花科、牛栓藤科、柽柳科、堇菜科、旌节花科、安息香科、报春花科、山矾科和百合科共12种1变种植物在我国10个省区的分布新记录。其中吉林分布新记录的有北萱草(HemerocallisesculentaKoidz.),山西分布新记录的有具鳞水柏枝(MyricariasquamosaDesv.)、维西堇菜(ViolamonbergiiW.Beck.)和海乳草(GlauxmaritimaLinn.),陕西分布新记录的有海金子(PittosporumillicioidesMak.)和蒙古堇菜(Violamon-golicaFranch.),甘肃分布新记录的有西域旌节花(StachyurushimalaicusHook.f.&Thoms.exBenth.),江西分布新记录的有缝线海桐(PittosporumperryanumGowda),河南分布新记录的有唐古拉碎米荠(CardaminetangutorumO.E.Schulz),湖北分布新记录的有黄牛奶树(Symplocoscochinchinensis(Lour.)S.Moorevar.laurina(Retz.)Nooteboom),湖南分布新记录的有大花野茉莉(StyraxgrandiflorusGriff.),贵州分布新记录的有少花海桐(Pit-tosporumpauciflorumHook.&Arn.),广西分布新记录的有红叶藤(Roureaminor(Gaerth.)Leenh.)。     

Genetic Diversity Within and Among Populations of Viola tenuicornis with Reference to Sampling Strategies

Genetic diversity and population differentiation of Viola tenuicornis W. Beck. were studied in nine populations in Beijing using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Allozyme data for 11 loci of 8 enzymes indicated high level of genetic variability in this region with P=72.7％, A=2.4 and H e=0.243. In contrast, the population differentiation was lower than the average of other perennial herb with F st=0.196. It was found that distances among populations had little effect on population differentiation. A sample of 30 individuals could well represent a population, but less than 20 individuals per population might lead to significant bias in the estimation of genetic parameters, in particular the values of A and H e.     

A new species of Viola L. (Violaceae) from South Anatolia

A new species of Viola L., Viola yildirimlii M. Dinç & Y. Bağcı sp. nov. from South Anatolia is described and illustrated. It is found on the rocky slopes of Aladağ National Park, in the county of Adana, south Turkey, at an elevation of 1800 m. It belongs to Viola , subsect. Viola , and is similar to the Turkish endemics Viola isaurica Contandr. & Quézel and V. kizildaghensis M. Dinç & Ş. Yıldırımlı. Diagnostic morphologic characters for a detailed discrimination from two similar taxa and other Turkish Eflagellatae species are discussed.  © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 141 , 477–482.     

斑叶堇菜种宗性状变异式样的定量分析

斑叶堇菜与近缘种细距堇莱之间有许多过渡类型存在, 很难依据少数几个关键性特征对它们进行明确的划分。本文运用形象化散点图和柱状图的方法, 对从不同地点、不同居群收集的80份标本进行分析, 测量若干性状上的数量变异, 分析这些性状之间变异的相关程度, 结果表明:斑叶堇菜和细距堇菜各自应为独立的种, 支持W.Beck.1916年所作的成立细距堇菜的毛萼亚种的处理。     

The effect of the duration of callus culture on the accumulation of genetic alterations in regenerated pea Pisum sativum L

Two groups of regenerant plants were obtained from different pea genotypes (lines R-9 and W1 and cultivar Viola). The first group was derived after eight months of culture and the second, from calluses cultured for a prolonged (more than ten years) time. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) methods, the regenerants and the original lines were compared with regard to genetic differences. The regenerants from both groups were shown to differ in DNA polymorphism from the original lines and from one another. The divergence of the regenerants was also different, depending largely on the original genotype. Examination of genetic differences between the first and the second group showed that the variability increased with culturing time. This was particularly evident for regenerants of the Viola cultivar, in which variability ranged from 0-5% (first group of regenerants) to 10% (second group of regenerants).