饰圈属绦虫一新种：圆叶目：漏带科

本文记述采自武陵山地区金腰燕,黑卷尾,画眉体内的饰圈属绦虫一新种—武陵饰圈绦虫,新种Ｖｉｔｔａ ｗｕｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．文中对新种的形态特征作了详细的描述并与近似种进行了比较。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

北京自然博物馆馆藏膜壳蟹科蟹类及三新种记述

本报道北京自然博物馆馆藏膜壳蟹Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｓｏｍａｔｉｄａｅ共５种,其中篦额滨蟹Ｈａｌｉｃａｒｃｉｎｕｓ ｍｅｓｓｏｒ Ｓｔｉｍｐｓｏｎ与中华拟薄板蟹Ｅｌａｍｅｎｏｐｓｉｓ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｓｈｅｎ）曾发现于中国东海,这次标本检查中发现中华拟薄板蟹在广东沿海也有分布。其它三种均为新种,分别定名为长指薄板蟹Ｅｋａｍｅｎａ ｌｏｎｇｉｄａｃｔｙｌｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,长足滨蟹Ｈａｌｉｃａｒｃｉｎｕ     

膜壳科绦虫一新种(绦虫纲:圆叶目)

报道啮齿类绦虫一新种,定名为锡盟啮壳绦虫。文中对新种形态特征进行了详细描述并与近似种作了比较,模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

湖北部分地区鼠体膜壳绦虫调查

1982～1985年我们在湖北的通山县、应城县、天门县、宜昌县及神农架林区对寄生鼠体而与人有关的微小膜壳绦虫Hymenolepis nana和缩小膜壳绦虫Hymenolepis dininuta及鼠体外寄生蚤类进行了调查。方法将捕到的鼠进行编号,种类鉴定,解剖观察。如阳性取出虫体鉴定虫种。对鼠体外寄生蚤进行收集并鉴定种类,观察体内是否有自然感染的似囊尾蚴。结果在582只鼠中共检出阳性鼠165只,阳性率28.3%。其中微小膜壳绦虫的阳性率为11.8%(69/165),缩小膜壳绦虫阳性率为19.0%(111/165)。在阳性鼠中同时感染两种膜壳绦虫者有15只,阳性率2.5%(15/165)。各地区…     

侧沟茧蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:茧蜂科:小腹茧蜂亚科)

本文记述采自福建福州的侧沟茧蜂属ＭｉｃｒｏｐｌｉｔｉｓＦｏｅｒｓｔｅｒ１新种：暗翅侧沟茧蜂Ｍｉｃｒｏｐｌｉｔｉｓｏｂｓｃｕｒｉｐｅｎｎａｔｕｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存在浙江大学植物保护系昆虫标本室。     

中国西南地区蠛蠓属四新种描述（双翅目：蠓科）

本文描述了采自中国西南地区的蠛蠓属Ｌａｓｉｏｈｅｌｅａ４新种,分别是采自四川的细小蠛蠓Ｌ．ｐａｒｖｉｔａｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,竹林蠛蠓Ｌ．ｂｏｍｂｕｓａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ采自云南的山栖蠛蠓Ｌ．ｏｒｅｉｔａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及采自西藏的孟氏蠛蠓Ｌ．ｍｅｎｇｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。模式标本保存于北京医学昆虫标本馆。     

耳时蝉属四新种（同翅目：耳叶蝉科）

本文记述耳叶蝉科耳叶蝉属四新种：１．浅斑耳叶蝉Ｌｅｄｒａｐａｌｌｉｄｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,２．片脊耳叶蝉Ｌｅｄｒａｌａｍｅｌｌａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,３．黑纹耳叶蝉Ｌｅｄｒａｎｉｇｒｏｌｉｎｅａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,４．明冠耳叶蝉Ｌｅｄｒａｈｙａｌｉｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．．标本分别采自我国西藏、云南及安徽省．模式标本保存于安徽农学院．     

浙江省新菌蚊属二新种(双翅目:菌蚊科)

记述了采自浙江省的新菌蚊属Ｎｅｏｅｍｐｈｅｒｉａ ２新种：山居新菌蚊Ｎ．ｍｏｎｔｉｃｏｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和具毛新菌蚊Ｎ．ｓｅｔｕｌｏｓａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,模式标本保存于中国农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

广西长崎齿瓢虫属二新种（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）

本文记述采自广西壮族自治区的长崎齿瓢虫属２新种,即弄岗崎齿瓢虫Ａｆｉｓｓｕｌａｎｏｎｇｇａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和鸟喙崎齿瓢虫Ａ．ｏｒｎｉｔｈｏｒｒｈｙｎｃｈａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。模式标本除弄岗崎齿瓢虫Ａ．ｎｏｎｇｇａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ（正模♂,配模♀和副模５♂４♀）保存在南京农业大学植保系外,其余标本保存在广西农科院植保所。     

四索跳小蜂属二新种(膜翅目:跳小蜂科)

本文记述跳小蜂科四索跳小蜂属二新种,白轮蚧四索跳小蜂Ｐｌａｇｉｏｍｅｒｕｓ ａｕｌａｃａｓｐｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和大棒四索跳小蜂Ｐｌａｇｉｏｍｅｒｕｓ ｍａｇｎｉｃｌａｖｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．标本采自云南省,从柑桔上的盾蚧育得。     

Accumulation of elements in the arteries and cardiac valves of Thai with aging

To elucidate whether the extent of element accumulation in the arteries and cardiac valves with aging was different between different races, the authors investigated the accumulation of elements in the arteries and cardiac valves of the Thai with aging and the relationships among elements in the cardiac valves. After ordinary dissection at Chiang Mai University was finished, 16 arteries and 4 cardiac valves were resected and element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. In the 16 arteries, the average content of calcium was the highest in the site of the abdominal aorta ramifying into the common iliac arteries, and it decreased in the order internal iliac, coronary, abdominal aorta, common iliac, external iliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, thoracic aorta, brachial, radial, common carotid, subclavian, ulnar, axillary, renal, and internal thoracic arteries. The average contents of phosphorus and magnesium in respective arteries were parallel with the average contents of calcium, except for the coronary artery. In comparison with the arteries of the Japanese, the trend of calcium accumulation in the arteries of the Thai was almost similar to that in the arteries of the Japanese, except for the coronary artery and thoracic aorta. The calcium accumulation in the coronary artery was much higher in the Thai than in the Japanese, whereas that in the thoracic aorta was lower in the Thai than in the Japanese. Regarding elements in the cardiac valves, the calcium content increased remarkably in the seventies in the aortic valve and in the nineties in the pulmonary valve, but it hardly increased in both the mitral and tricuspid valves with aging. The average content of calcium was the highest in the aortic valve, and it decreased in the order pulmonary, tricuspid, and mitral valves. Regarding the relationship among elements in the aortic valves, it was found that there were extremely significant direct correlations among the contents of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, whereas there were significant direct correlations between zinc and either calcium or phosphorus contents. Although significant correlations were found between sulfur and the other element contents in the aortic valves of the Japanese, no significant correlations were found between them in the aortic valves of the Thai. In the mitral valves, extremely or very significant direct correlations were found among the contents of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur, with some exceptions that there were no significant correlations between phosphorus and either magnesium or sulfur contents. In addition, no significant correlation was found in the calcium content between the aortic valve and coronary artery in the same individuals.     

啮齿动物作用下退耕地山杏种子扩散与贮藏的季节变化

啮齿动物对植物种子的取食和扩散影响种子的时空分布,继而影响种子的萌发和幼苗建成,因而在森林更新中起着重要作用.在国有济源市愚公林场,选择退耕地生境,于春季、夏季、秋季分别释放人工标记的山杏种子,观察啮齿动物扩散与埋藏山杏种子的季节性差异.结果表明：1）退耕地中的啮齿动物主要包括大林姬鼠、社鼠、黑线姬鼠;2）山杏种子扩散速率在春季显著慢于夏季,夏季显著慢于秋季;3）种子搬运量受季节和种子状态交互作用影响,春季显著少于夏季,夏季显著少于秋季;4）不同季节种子平均搬运距离不同,秋季不同状态种子的搬运距离均大于春季和夏季;5）啮齿动物对山杏种子的贮藏点大小多为1粒种子,少量为2、3粒种子,且贮藏点大小与季节间存在显著的交互作用,春季单粒种子的贮藏点数量显著少于夏季和秋季,而夏季与秋季的贮藏点则倾向于多粒种子;6）在夏季和秋季各有5枚（共释放1800枚）被啮齿动物分散贮藏的山杏种子建成幼苗.     

Seasonal variation in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) content of different brain regions and the pineal in the mammalian hibernator, Citellus lateralis

We have measured the endogenous TRH concentration in the pineal and 9 brain regions of a seasonal hibernator, the golden-mantled ground squirrel, during euthermia and hibernation in order to investigate the possibility that changes in TRH concentration might occur in association with naturally-occurring changes in CNS-mediated physiological and behavioral processes. Regional TRH content was assessed by radioimmunoassay in adult animals that were killed during euthermia in the mid-portion of each season and during hibernation in mid-winter. No significant changes in TRH concentration related to season or to hibernation versus euthermic state were noted in the hippocampus, brainstem, or cerebellum. In the olfactory bulb, preoptic area, and pineal, seasonal variation within euthermic groups was evident. During hibernation, statistically significant decreases in TRH content occurred in the forebrain, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, septum, preoptic area, and midbrain. Significant fluctuations during hibernation were also observed in the pineal. In this structure, TRH concentration varied in relation to the phase of the hibernation bout. TRH content in the last quarter of the bout was three times greater when compared to values observed in the first quarter of the bout. These results suggest that TRH may be involved in the control processes attributed to these regions and support a role for TRH in the neural control of hibernation.     

四川省及重庆地区森林植被碳储量动态

四川省及重庆市地区森林植被是我国第二大林区-西南林区的主体,位于"世界第三极"--青藏高原东缘.在建立森林乔木层生物量与蓄积量回归模型的基础上,按林分类型测定含碳量,结合四川4次森林资源清查数据,估算了不同时段的碳储量.各林分类型含碳量在46.75%～54.89%之间,平均含碳量为51.09%,针叶林平均含碳量(52.82%)大于阔叶林(49.37%);四川森林植被碳储量从1988年的383.04TgC增加到2003年的523.57TgC,增加了140.53TgC,年均增长率2.11%,比全国年均增长率高出0.22%,表明四川森林植被是CO2的一个汇.4次调查的森林植被平均碳密度分别为38.93、38.68、39.17、41.66MgC/hm2,呈现增加趋势,表明森林植被的碳汇功能不断加强;成熟林碳储量占同期的64.15%、63.89%、65.33%、60.82%,但所占比重呈下降的趋势,幼中林碳储量的比重不断上升,表明森林植被的碳吸存潜力大;森林植被碳储量主要分布在天然林中,占同期碳储量的90%以上,但人工林的碳储能力正在逐步提高,人工林碳年均增长率(7.17%)明显大于天然林(1.83%),表明人工林将在研究区域森林植被碳汇功能中扮演重要的角色.研究区森林植被碳储量占同期全国碳储量的比例呈增加趋势,可见,研究区森林植被在全国森林碳汇中具有重要的作用和地位.     

Sex and estrous cycle-dependent differences in glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the adult rat hippocampus

Sex differences in the morphology and function of the hippocampus have been reported in several species, but it is unknown whether a sexual dimorphism exists in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the rat hippocampus. We analyzed GFAP immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of intact adult male rats as well as in females during diestrus and proestrus phases of the estrous cycle. We found that in CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus, GFAP immunoreactivity was higher in proestrus females as compared with males and diestrus females. In CA1, a similar GFAP immunoreactivity was found in males and in diestrus females, but in dentate gyrus, males presented the lowest GFAP content. Interestingly, differences in astrocyte morphology were also found. Rounded cells with numerous and short processes were mainly observed in the hippocampus during proestrus whereas cells with stellate shape with few and long processes were present in the hippocampus of males and diestrus females. The marked sex and estrous cycle-dependent differences in GFAP immunoreactivity density and in astrocyte number and morphology found in the rat hippocampus, suggest the involvement of sex steroid hormones in the sexually dimorphic functions of the hippocampus, and in the change in its activity during the estrous cycle.     

Dichloroacetate- and trichloroacetate-induced phagocytic activation and production of oxidative stress in the hepatic tissues of mice after acute exposure

Dichoroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) are by-products formed during chlorination of the drinking water and were found to be hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic in rodents. In this study, the abilities of the compounds to induce oxidative stress and phagocytic activation have been studied in B6C3F1 mice. Groups of mice were administered 300 mg/kg of either DCA or TCA, p.o, and were sacrificed after 6 or 12 h. Peritoneal lavage cells (PLCs) were isolated and assayed for superoxide anion (SA) production, and hepatic tissues were assayed for the production of SA, lipid peroxidation (LP), and DNA-single strand breaks (SSBs). TCA resulted in significant production of SA in the PLCs, and in the production of SA, LP, and DNA-SSBs in the hepatic tissues, 12 h after dosing, as compared with the control. DCA administration, on the other hand, resulted in significant increases in the productions of LP and DNA-SSBs in the hepatic tissues at both time points, and in SA production in PLCs and hepatic tissues, 6 h after dosing. However, DCA-induced increases in SA production in PLC and hepatic tissues declined at the 12-h time point, reaching control level in the hepatic tissues. These results may implicate the contribution of phagocytic activation to the induction of oxidative stress in the hepatic tissues and also the role of SA production in the induction of LP and/or DNA damage in those tissues, in response to the compounds. The results also suggest studying the involvement of these mechanisms in the long-term hepatotoxicity/hepatocarcinogencity of the compounds.     

复合疲劳对大鼠不同组织矿物质代谢影响研究

目的:研究复合疲劳大鼠血液、肌肉、肝脏和脑中矿物元素代谢变化的影响。方法:将30只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、食物限制组和复合疲劳组。经过5天的实验干预后,提取动物的血液、腓肠肌、肝脏和脑,并利用原子吸收分光光度法测量各组织中的钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)和铜(Cu)。结果:相对正常对照组和食物限制组,复合疲劳大鼠的肌肉、肝脏和脑中的K(P<0.01)和肝脏中的Fe(P<005)明显升高,血液中的Cu(与正常对照组比较P<0.01,与食物限制组比较P<0.05)明显下降;与对照组相比,复合疲劳大鼠的血液中的K明显升高(P<0.05),血液中的Mg和Zn(P<0.05),肌肉中的Ca、Mg和Zn(PCa<0.05,PMg<0.05,PZn<0.01),肝脏中的Ca和Zn(PCa<0.01,PZn<0.05),以及脑中的Fe、Mg和Zn(PFe<0.05,PMg<0.05,PZn<0.01)明显降低。结论:在复合疲劳状态下,大鼠血液、肌肉、肝脏和脑中的K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn和Cu代谢发生变化,可能在疲劳的发生与缓解中发挥作用。     

Circadian rhythmic changes in the lipid composition of muscles in kilka <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clupeonella cultriventris</Emphasis> (Clupeidae,clupeiformes) during natural periodicity of feeding in the feeding and spawning periods in the Rybinsk Reservoir

According to data of observations in 2002–2004, differences in the pattern of diurnal fluctuations in the total content and fractional composition of lipids in muscles of mature specimens of kilka Clupeonella cultriventris from the Rybinsk Reservoir in the feeding and spawning periods were revealed. It was established that the feeding intensity in kilka considerably changes throughout 24 h in both periods of the annual cycle, while diurnal fluctuations in the fatness of muscles are distinctly manifested only in the reproductive period and have a dissimilar pattern in specimens of different sexes. In females and males, they are determined mainly by the change in the content of the fraction of reserve lipids-triacylglycerols, as a rule, by its increase in the light hours of the day, several hours after an increase in the feeding activity of fish. The pattern of diurnal fluctuations of the level of lipid fractions (phospholipids, triacylglycerols, cholesterol, and its ethers) in kilka’s muscles differs from that in the feeding period. Possible causes of the change of diurnal variations of the considered indices of lipid metabolism in kilka at an increase in the endocrine activity of its body in the reproductive period is discussed.     

Species and individual differences in juvenile female alloparental care are associated with oxytocin receptor density in the striatum and the lateral septum

The neuropeptide oxytocin has been implicated in the regulation of affiliative behavior and maternal responsiveness in several mammalian species. Rodent species vary considerably in the expression of juvenile alloparental behavior. For example, alloparental behavior is spontaneous in juvenile female prairie voles (approximately 20 days of age), takes 1-3 days of pup exposure to develop in juvenile rats, and is nearly absent in juvenile mice and meadow voles. Here, we tested the hypothesis that species differences in pup responsiveness in juvenile rodents are associated with oxytocin receptor (OTR) density in specific brain regions. We found that OTR density in the nucleus accumbens (NA) is highest in juvenile prairie voles, intermediate in juvenile rats, and lowest in juvenile mice and meadow voles. In the caudate putamen (CP), OTR binding was highest in prairie voles, intermediate in rats and meadow voles, and lowest in mice. In contrast, the lateral septum (LS) shows an opposite pattern, with OTR binding being high in mice and meadow voles and low in prairie voles and rats. Thus, alloparental responsiveness in juvenile rodents is positively correlated with OTR density in the NA and CP and negatively correlated with OTR density in the LS. We then investigated whether a similar receptor-behavior relationship exists among juvenile female prairie voles by correlating individual variation in alloparental behavior with variation in OTR density. The time spent adopting crouching postures, the most distinctive component of alloparental behavior in juveniles, was positively correlated with OTR density in the NA (r = 0.47) and CP (r = 0.45) and negatively correlated with OTR density in the lateral septum (r = -0.53). Thus, variation in OTR density in the NA, CP, and LS may underlie both species and individual differences in alloparental care in rodents.     

Changes in the Subcellular Distribution of Free Amino Acids in Relation to Light Conditions in Cells of Chara corallina

Subcellular concentrations of free amino acids in internodal cells of a Characeae, Chara corallina, were measured in the dark and in the light. Using an intracellular perfusion technique, we measured concentrations of amino acids in the vacuole, in the flowing sol endoplasm and in the cortical gel layer. The sol endoplasm was predominantly the cytosol. On the basis of microscopic observations, the gel layer appeared to be occupied predominantly by a layer of chloroplasts, while the sol endoplasm was free from chloroplasts. Both in the light and in darkness, the major amino acids in the internodal cells were isoasparagine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, glycine and alanine, as reported by Sakano and Tazawa (1984). The same major amino acids are found in each of the three compartments. The pattern of distribution of amino acids in the vacuole was similar to that in the sol endoplasm, but quite different from that in the gel layer. The total level of amino acids in the light was lower than that in darkness. The amino acid composition did not change very much, but the subcellular distribution of amino acids differed significantly between cells subjected to illumination and those kept in the dark. Concentrations of amino acids in both the vacuole and the gel layer decreased, whereas those in the sol endoplasm were almost constant.