杂交水稻及其“三系”线粒体DNA的AP—PCR指纹图谱

为了研究水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）细胞质雄性不育（ＣＭＳ）与线粒体基因组的关系,应用ＡＰ－ＰＣＲ 分析,用７ 个任意单引物对６ 种水稻品系线粒体ＤＮＡ 进行了扩增。水稻线粒体ＤＮＡ 的ＡＰ－ＰＣＲ 产物可分为三种类型：（１）所有供试品系均能扩增的片段,它们代表了线粒体ＤＮＡ 在进化上的保守性序列。有４ 个引物检测到这类片段。（２）２ 个以上水稻品系共同出现而在全部供试材料间存在差异的扩增片段,这类片段是检测水稻线粒体ＤＮＡ多态性的主要来源。（３）一种细胞质类型所特有的扩增片段,从引物Ｒ２ 和Ｖ５ 的扩增产物中发现了这类片段,它们可能与ＣＭＳ有关联。另外,ＷＡ型不育系珍汕９７Ａ 与其杂种之间在６ 个引物的扩增图谱上均存在不同程度的差异,说明两者的线粒体ＤＮＡ序列结构可能存在某种差别     

粘虫核型多角体病毒凋亡抑制基因的定位,序列和启动子结构

以ＡｃＮＰＶ凋亡抑制基因ｐ３５为探针,与ＬｓＮＰＶＤＮＡ的限制性片段和ＬｓＮＰＶＤＮＡＥｃｏＲＶ片段杂交,发现ＥｃｏＲＶ５．５ｋｂ片段有强烈的杂交信号。将此片段亚克隆后,测定了１２４４ｂｐ序列,发现一个完整的ＯＲＦ,推导的３０２个氨基酸与ＡｃＮＰＶｐ３５蛋白有７０．４％的氨基酸同源性,证明所测ＯＲＦ为ＬｓＮＰＶ的ｐ３５基因。结构分析发现其５′端有早期基因启动子元件ＧＣ、ＡＣＧＴ和ＴＡＴＡｂｏｘ。有２２ｂｐ的顺向重复序列,包括由两个重叠的ＴＡＴＡｂｏｘ和上下游两个ＡＣＧＴｍｏｔｉｆ组成的两套启动子元件,这些结构特征与ＡｃＮＰＶ的凋亡抑制基因十分相似。     

β珠蛋白基因5′远端新沉默子克隆及定点诱变

通过凝胶滞留分析和荧光素酶报告基因检测系统,鉴定出人类β珠蛋白基因５′旁侧远端帽位上游－２１３２～－１８２２ｂｐ间存在一个活性沉默子片段（３１０ｂｐ）,将其亚克隆至ｐＵＣ－Ｔ载体中,然后采用人工设计的突变引物,将经ＤＮＡ足纹分析确定的两个结合位点的核心基序（β珠蛋白基因帽位上游－２０１７～－２０１１ｂｐ间的“ＣＴＴＣＣＧＣ”序列和－２００６～－１９９７ｂｐ间的“ＣＡＣＴＴＴＡＴＴＴ”序列）分别定点诱变为“ＣＴＴＡＡＧＣ”和“ＣＡＣＴＴＡＡＧＴＴ”两个突变序列,从而构建成两种突变型３１０ｂｐ片段,可用于对活性沉默子位点的结构与功能及β珠蛋白基因表达调控机制的深入研究。     

葡萄叶绿体rbcL基因的结构分析

以玫瑰香葡萄（Ｖｉｔｉｓｖｉｎｉｆｅｒａ Ｌ．）为材料,克隆了含有叶绿体ｒｂｃ Ｌ基因的３．１ ｋｂ Ｂａｍ ＨⅠ片段,构建了该基因的限制性酶切图谱,测定了该基因的核苷酸序列。所测的核苷酸序列总长度为２００４ ｂｐ,其中基因的编码区为１４２８ ｂｐ,编码一个含４７５ 个氨基酸的蛋白质,其分子量约为５３ ｋＤ;测定基因的５上游含启动子的部分共３５８ ｂｐ,包括－ １０ 区（ＴＡＡＡＡＴ）、－ ３５区（ＴＴＧＣＧＣ）和ＳＤ 序列（ＧＧＡＧＧ）;基因的３下游区共２１８ ｂｐ,含有３ 个转录茎环终止结构。玫瑰香葡萄ｒｂｃ Ｌ基因编码区的核苷酸序列与烟草、矮牵牛、菠菜、苜蓿、水稻和玉米之间的同源性分别为９１．５％ 、９１．４％ 、９０．２％ 、８９．８％ 、８６．３％ 和８４．５％ ;推导出的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为９２．２％ 、９１．６％ 、９２．２％ 、９３．７％ 、９３．５％ 和９０．１％ 。     

水稻雄性不育与花药中类脂褐素的积累

细胞质雄性不育水稻不育系珍汕９７Ａ和其保持系珍汕９７Ｂ,处于不育期的光（温）敏核不育水稻Ｗ６１５４ｓ和培矮６４ｓ的花药中类脂褐素（ＬＦＬＰ）含量随花粉发育或败育而增高．不育花药中ＬＦＬＰ的形成速率比可育花药快,三核期的珍汕９７Ａ和不育期Ｗ６１５４ｓ的花药,其ＬＦＬＰ比相应具育性花药高２４％．用抗氧化剂ＧＳＨ、ＢＨＴ和Ｎ２处理离体的单核期花药,发现ＧＳＨ可降低珍汕９７Ａ和不育期的Ｗ６１５４ｓ的ＬＦＬＰ含量．结果认为,水稻雄性不育与膜脂过氧化作用的荧光产物类脂褐素的积累有关．     

虹鳟鱼金属硫蛋白启动子的体外扩增、克隆及其序列分析

以含有虹鳟鱼金属硫蛋白基因的质粒ＤＮＡ为模板,以合成的两段３２个寡聚核苷酸为引物,经过ＰＣＲ扩增,合成了４３３ｂｐ的片段,把其克隆到ｐＢＬ－ＣＡＴ载体中,序列分析和限制酶切图谱表明所克隆的虹鳟鱼金属硫蛋白启动子含有４３３ｂｐ,含有ＴＡＴＡ和ＣＡＡＴ序列,与Ｈｏｎｇ报导的鳟鱼金属硫蛋白启动子的序列比较,其核苷酸泊同源率为１００％。     

人vigilin基因5'端调控区域的研究

在克隆了人基因组全长ｖｉｇｉｌｉｎ基因的基础上,对其５端转录调控区域再克隆,获得Ｖｉｇ－ＣＧ５－７Ｅ克隆,再用限制酶ＡｐａⅠ和ＥｃｏＲⅠ切除３端约４ｋｂ部分,得到Ｖｉｇ－ＣＧ５－７Ｅ３ＡＥ克隆,并对该克隆进行双向测序分析．结果表明：克隆Ｖｉｇ－ＣＧ５－７Ｅ用ＡｐａⅠ酶消化后,用ｃＤＮＡ上游开始的２０个碱基组成的寡聚核苷酸做探针进行分子杂交,可见一条小于０．１ｋｂ杂交带,根据物理图谱分析,位于Ｖｉｇ－ＣＧ５－７Ｅ３ＡＥ克隆的ＡｐａⅠ端,从而推断该克隆含有转录调控元件,５端序列分析得到二个ＴＡＴＡ盒,一个ＣＡＡＴ盒和一个ＧＣ盒以及二个可能的Ａｐ－１和Ａｐ－２结合位点．认为ＧＣ盒可能为人ｖｉｇｉｌｉｎ基因启动子的组成部分     

黑子南瓜甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶基因的克隆及序列分析

依据国外报道的南瓜甘油－３－磷酸转酰酶（ＧＰＡＴ）基因的ｃＤＮＡ序列合成相应引物,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术,成功地分离了黑子南瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔａｆｉｃｉｆｏｌｉａ）ＧＰＡＴ基因的ｃＤＮＡ片段,并亚克隆到了ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体系统的多克隆位点上,序列分析表明黑子南瓜ＧＰＡＴ基因的ｃＤＮＡ序列及递推的氨基酸序列与南瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔａｍｏｓｃｈａｔａ）相比分别具有９８％和９６５％的同源性。在１１８８ｂｐ中有２２个核苷酸发生变化,导致１３个氨基酸的改变     

水稻配子体,孢子体细胞质雄性不育系线粒体体外翻译产物的分析

对水稻配子体细胞质雄性不育系粤泰Ａ,保持系粤泰Ｂ,Ｆ１代泰优２号和孢子体细胞质雄性不育系珍汕９７Ａ,保持系珍汕９７Ｂ,Ｆ１代汕优６３及另一种孢子体细胞质雄性不育系马协Ａ,保持系马协Ｂ,Ｆ１代马协６３的黄化苗线粒体离体翻译产物进行ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析。结果表明：粤泰Ａ的线粒体比粤泰Ｂ,泰优２号少合成２条多肽,Ｂ与Ｆ１的带型相近,Ａ特异合成４０．７ｋＤ多肽;     

野败型水稻保持系线粒体特异DNA片段的克隆及序列分析

利用RAPD技术,从水稻野败型细胞质雄性不育系珍汕97A的保持系珍汕97B中得到一个特异的扩增片段PWP-13。该片段全长808bp,1-142区段为正常的cob基因片段;143-372、406-707区段与一个报告的嵌合cob基因的同源性分别为98％、100％,但由于碱基缺失,所推测的氨基酸序列差异较大;373-405区段为PWP-13所特有的重复序列,708-808区段为未知序列。序列内含有3组长度分别为9、31、27bp的小重复序列。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细