大河岸线生态完整性内涵及评估方法——以长江岸线为例

大河岸线作为流域的重要生态空间,其内涵属性、空间格局和生态功能都具有显著的整体性。从岸线的陆域原真性、水陆生态渐变性、生境依存性及生物多样性等维度,分析了大河岸线生态完整性的科学内涵。结合国内外河流岸线生态评价研究,建立了大河岸线生态完整性的科学表征体系,提出各项指标评估和综合分级方法,并对长江岸线生态完整性进行了评估。结果表明,长江岸线生态完整性总体处于中等水平,从上游到下游沿岸各地市岸段生态完整性得分总体逐步降低;中上游地市岸段受到滨江湿地和洲岛发育程度及湿地保护状况等因素制约,下游地市岸段则受土地开发强度、自然岸线保有率、水陆连通性等制约。虽然中下游岸线有较高的开发程度且受长江大堤的约束,生态完整性受到明显影响,但在相同条件下生态完整性仍然有较大差异性,部分地区如铜陵段、安庆段和上海段仍保持了较高的完整性。大河岸线生态完整性的评估有助于形成既尊重自然规律、保护生态环境、保障防洪安全及供水安全,又能支撑社会经济发展、促进高效集约利用的长江生态岸线格局。     

互花米草与海三棱藨草的生长特征和相对竞争能力

外来物种互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)已对我国特有种海三棱藨草 (Scirpusmariqueter)发生了竞争取代。作者通过在长江口崇明东滩湿地取样和盆栽竞争实验,比较了二者的主要生长特征和种间相对竞争能力。结果表明:无论是先锋种群还是成熟种群,互花米草的高度、盖度、地上生物量、地下生物量和平均每花序种子数都显著大于海三棱藨草;海三棱藨草的密度和单位面积结实枝条数显著大于互花米草。两种植物成熟种群的单位面积种子产量和种子的萌发率没有显著差异。种内竞争和种间竞争显著降低了两种植物的平均每株产生的无性小株数、结实株数、地上生物量和地下球茎数(海三棱藨草产生球茎),互花米草的种间竞争能力 (相对邻里效应指数 )显著大于海三棱藨草。互花米草在生长上的优势可能导致其在种间竞争上的优势,从而使互花米草能够在海三棱藨草群落中成功入侵。     

Physical stress, not biotic interactions, preclude an invasive grass from establishing in forb-dominated salt marshes

Background

Biological invasions have become the focus of considerable concern and ecological research, yet the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors in controlling the invasibility of habitats to exotic species is not well understood. Spartina species are highly invasive plants in coastal wetlands; however, studies on the factors that control the success or failure of Spartina invasions across multiple habitat types are rare and inconclusive.

Methodology and Principal Findings

We examined the roles of physical stress and plant interactions in mediating the establishment of the smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, in a variety of coastal habitats in northern China. Field transplant experiments showed that cordgrass can invade mudflats and low estuarine marshes with low salinity and frequent flooding, but cannot survive in salt marshes and high estuarine marshes with hypersaline soils and infrequent flooding. The dominant native plant Suaeda salsa had neither competitive nor facilitative effects on cordgrass. A common garden experiment revealed that cordgrass performed significantly better when flooded every other day than when flooded weekly. These results suggest that physical stress rather than plant interactions limits cordgrass invasions in northern China.

Conclusions and Significance

We conclude that Spartina invasions are likely to be constrained to tidal flats and low estuarine marshes in the Yellow River Delta. Due to harsh physical conditions, salt marshes and high estuarine marshes are unlikely to be invaded. These findings have implications for understanding Spartina invasions in northern China and on other coasts with similar biotic and abiotic environments.     

河口三角洲湿地健康生态圈构建:理论与方法

河口三角洲湿地生态环境保护和区域开发的矛盾突出,对湿地生态圈健康和栖息地生态功能产生直接而强烈的影响.健康的河口三角洲湿地生态圈是由自然过程的连续性、生态系统的连通性、生境的异质性以及食物网的多样性等多种因素共同决定的.本文讨论了健康湿地生态圈构建的基础理论,综述了景观生态网络构建、水文连通性网络构建、食物网构建以及生境异质性栖息地营建的理论与方法.在区域和景观尺度上,以土地利用-生态系统完整性为主线,阐明了湿地破碎化对湿地生态功能的影响,特别强调景观完整性、水文连通性对湿地栖息地的影响;在生态系统和群落尺度上,以食物网-生态系统稳定性为主线,强调食物网多样性、生境异质性对湿地生物圈构建的支撑作用.基于景观完整性、水文连通性、生境异质性和食物网多样性构建健康湿地生态圈,可为湿地生态环境保护和建设提供科学依据和技术支撑.     

长江流域生态系统格局演变及驱动力

长江流域生态系统格局复杂,多种社会经济、政策和自然因素对土地利用变化的影响使得生态环境发生变化。分析了2000年至2015年长江流域生态系统格局和演变特征,及主要驱动力对生态系统变化的贡献。15年间,共有约6.4万km~2的生态系统类型发生变化,城镇增长67.5%,农田缩减7.5%,森林增加2.1%,剧烈的生态系统变化集中于下游,以及中上游的大城市,城镇聚集区以及退耕还林区。生态系统景观破碎化程度和景观多样性提高。上、中、下游生态系统格局、构成差异较大,15年间,上游和下游森林显著增加,下游城镇显著扩张、农田和湿地显著缩减,上游湿地增加最为显著。城镇化是生态系统格局演变的首要驱动力,对生态系统变化的贡献率达48.0%,长江下游城镇化的贡献率高达64.5%。生态保护与恢复工程是第二驱动力,对生态系统变化的贡献率为32.8%,在上游高达47.8%。水资源开发和农业开发贡献率分别为8.5%和9.9%,此外,气候变化促使高原湖泊面积增大。为保护长江流域生态系统的可持续发展,需划定生态保护红线,合理规划城市化进程中的土地利用,保护优质耕地,禁止重要湿地的开发。     

Monitoring rapid vegetation succession in estuarine wetland using time series MODIS-based indicators: An application in the Yangtze River Delta area

Frequent and continuous time series is required for the detection of plant phenology and vegetation succession. The launch of novel remote sensor MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) provided us with an opportunity to make a new trial of studying the rapid vegetation succession in estuarine wetlands. In this study, the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover and tidal flat elevation along a transect (covering 6 pixels of MODIS) of an estuarine wetland at Dongtan, Chongming Island, in Yangtze River estuary, China were investigated to assess its rapid vegetation succession and physical conditions. By combining the field data collected, the time series of MODIS-based VIs (vegetation indices), including NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), EVI (enhanced vegetation index) and MSAVI (modified soil adjusted vegetation index), and a water index, LSWI (land surface water index) were utilized to characterize the rapid vegetation succession between 2001 and 2006. We found that NDVI, EVI and MSAVI exhibited significant spatial and temporal correlations with vegetation succession, while LSWI behaved in a positive manner with surface water and soil moisture along with the successional stages. In order to take the advantages of both VIs and water index, a composite index of VWR (vegetation water ratio) combining LSWI and EVI or MSAVI was proposed in this paper. This index facilitates the identification of vegetation succession by simply comparing the values of VWR at different stages, and therefore it could track vegetation succession and estimate community spread rate. Additionally, this study presented an attempt of using MODIS datasets to monitor the change of tidal flat elevation, which demonstrated a potential remote sensing application in geodesy of coastal and estuarine areas.     

江苏盐城滨海湿地外来种互花米草的时空动态及景观格局

基于1992—2007年的遥感影像和野外调查数据,在地理信息系统的支持下,应用景观生态学理论和转移矩阵方法,定量分析了江苏盐城滨海湿地外来种互花米草的时空动态及其景观格局的演变规律.结果表明：研究区互花米草面积由1992年的3561 hm²上升至2007年的14491 hm²,增幅达306.94%,累计转入和转出面积分别为26291和15361 hm²;其中,江苏盐城国家级自然保护区核心区的互花米草面积由1992年的597 hm²增长到2007年的2814 hm ²,年增幅达24.74%.研究期间,该区互花米草空间分布格局由初始的河口地带零星斑块逐渐演变为连续带状,并扩展到射阳河口至梁跺河口之间的滩涂外围;研究区互花米草的斑块重心向东南方向移动（2.92 km）,平均斑块面积先增（1992—2002年）后降（2002—2007年）,最大斑块指数及面积加权临近度指数逐年递增,斑块形状趋向规则化.     

Seed germination traits of two plant functional groups in the saline deltaic ecosystems

Aims Salt stress resulting from soil salinization is one of the driving forces of the land degradation throughout the world. The modern Yellow River delta is one of the most saline areas in China. Phytoremediation can be an effective way to restore the salinized ecosystems, which requires selecting appropriate plant species. This study explored the germination responses of common plant species from contrasting habitats in the Yellow River delta to varying salinity, offering experimental information for ecosystem restoration in the Yellow River delta.Methods In this study, 15 common plant species from the Yellow River delta were divided into two groups (high-salinity and low-salinity groups) by their natural habitats using Canonical Correlation Analysis. Seeds of each species were treated with five salinity levels (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 ppt), using a randomized complete block design, and germinated seeds were counted and removed daily for 28 days to calculate the final germination proportion and mean time to germination. The germination responses of seeds to salinity treatments were compared between the two groups.Important findings In relation to salinity, seed germination behavior of the test species was closely related to the salinity level of the habitats over which they were distributed. Species from the habitats with higher salinity had generally higher final germination proportion but shorter mean time to germination than those from the habitats with lower salinity in all of five salinity treatments used. The final germination proportion and mean time to germination of low-salinity group species were more sensitive to salinity than those of high-salinity group species. Selecting the species with high final germination proportion and short mean time to germination is important for restoration of salinized land.     

空间和环境因子对黄河口自然和淡水恢复湿地底栖动物群落的差异影响

生物多样性的形成和维持机制是生态学研究的核心问题,其中环境和空间因子在群落构建中的相对重要性是生态学家面临的重要挑战。为探究黄河口湿地底栖动物群落的关键影响因子,及环境和空间因子对底栖动物群落结构的相对调控作用。于2017年10月与2018年5月对黄河口湿地32个样点（淡水恢复湿地19个和自然湿地13个）的底栖动物和水体理化指标进行采集分析。非度量多维标度排序（NMDS）结果显示,黄河口淡水恢复湿地和自然湿地的底栖动物群落结构显著不同。典范对应分析（CCA）表明,影响淡水恢复湿地底栖动物群落结构的环境因子主要为电导率、盐度和氧化还原电位;而自然湿地底栖动物群落结构主要受pH和无机碳的影响;盐度是两类湿地底栖动物群落组成差异的关键因子。变差分解（VPA）结果显示,环境过滤对淡水恢复湿地底栖动物群落起主导作用;在自然湿地中,空间因子对底栖动物群落具有主要的调控作用,同时环境和空间因子的相互作用也至关重要。本研究明确了黄河口的自然和恢复湿地中环境和空间因素对底栖动物群落特征的相对作用,对黄河三角洲河口湿地中生物多样性的保护和生态系统管理提供参考。     

1973-2013年黄河三角洲湿地景观演变驱动力

1973-2013年间,日益加剧的人类活动和愈发严峻的自然环境对黄河三角洲湿地景观形成巨大威胁。人与自然双重影响下黄河三角洲湿地发生了怎样的变化,哪些因素、多大程度上导致了这种变化的发生,科学解答这些问题对于加强黄河三角洲湿地保护具有重要意义。以Landsat卫星1973-2013年40a的9期影像为数据源,利用人工目视解译方法构建研究区景观数据库,在分析研究区景观特征的基础上,通过主客观相结合的方法,构建了能够反映黄河三角洲地区景观湿地化和人工化状态的表面湿地-人工状态指数(SWCSI)。结合黄河入海水沙、区域降水以及地方生产总值(GDP)、水产品产量和原盐产量,分别从区域尺度和像元尺度上,定量分析了过去40年黄河三角洲湿地景观演变的驱动力及其空间差异。研究表明:(1)过去40年来,黄河三角洲自然湿地面积不断萎缩,人工湿地增加,湿地总面积减小,黄河三角洲整体上呈现出人工化或湿地退化趋势,同时也存在明显的空间异质性:滨海地区以人工化和湿地退化趋势为主,黄河入海口地区以湿地化趋势为主,中西部和西南部传统农耕区基本无变化。(2)黄河三角洲湿地景观的人工化或湿地退化趋势是过去40年来黄河水沙减少、人类活动加剧共同作用的结果。区域尺度上,人类社会经济活动对黄河三角洲湿地景观演变起主导作用,黄河径流量和输沙量的作用明显弱于社会经济因素。像元尺度上,驱动因素的空间异质性是导致黄河三角洲湿地景观演变空间异质性的原因。湿地的发展主要归因于自然因素,以黄河水沙作用最为关键;湿地的人工化或退化过程以人类社会经济活动的强制改造为主导,但是否伴随黄河水沙变化的潜在影响,对特定区域而言应是确定的,但仍很难从像元尺度进行量化。     

宏图：珠江三角洲景观动态解析

聚焦珠江三角洲地区的景观动态演变,重点介绍影响该区域在未来变化中的一些关键问题和驱动因素。三角洲的景观形成以自然动态和过程演替为特征,而土壤沉积是形成其景观格局的关键性因素。人类的活动极大程度地改变了珠江三角洲的景观格局。数百年前,大规模的原生林被急剧砍伐,致使其遭受了严重的水土流失和泥沙沉积,直至20 世纪末实施“植树造林”计划,毁林导致生态恶化的情形才有所缓解。在低洼的冲积平原,农业和水产养殖业则在很大程度上依赖于对堤防系统和地下水位的管理。珠江三角洲具有得天独厚的基塘农业系统,但伴随着高强度的城市化进程,其蚕桑生产逐渐萎缩,而高度集约化的现代水产养殖正在这些区域蔓延。近几十年来,珠三角都市群已拥有1.2 亿居民。伴随着人口膨胀,采砂和疏浚常被用来满足日益增长的基建需求,水坝和水库的建设也大量减少了珠江所携带的泥沙沉积,这些因素都致使珠三角的沉积物呈负平衡的状态。与此同时,湿地资源也面临着巨大的考验,诸多问题如土壤侵蚀与采砂工程,进一步加大对滨海和河口湿地的负面影响。上述这些互相牵制且高度复杂的环境问题,亟须通过多尺度、跨学科协作的方法进行研究并寻求解决方法,进而为实现更加可持续的环境管理提供科学的依据。     

Native bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix populations in the Pearl River are threatened by Yangtze River introductions as revealed by mitochondrial DNA

Bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix have been two economically important aquaculture species in China for centuries. In the past decades, bighead and silver carp have been introduced from the Yangtze River to many river systems in China, including the Pearl River, in annual, large-scale, stocking activities to enhance wild fisheries. Nonetheless, few studies have assessed the ecological or genetic impacts of such introductions on native conspecific fish populations. An mtDNA D-loop segment of 978 bp from 213 bighead carp samples from 9 populations and a 975 bp segment from 204 silver carp samples from 10 populations were obtained to evaluate genetic diversity and population integrity. Results from a haplotype network analysis revealed that most haplotypes of the Pearl River clustered with those of Yangtze River origin and only a small proportion were distinct, suggesting that both the native Pearl River bighead and silver carp populations are currently dominated by genetic material from the Yangtze River. The genetic diversity of Pearl River populations is high in both species because of this inter-population gene flow, but the diversity of native Pearl River populations is low. To preserve the native genetic diversity, stocking of non-native fingerlings should cease immediately and native Pearl River bighead and silver carp fish farms should be established. This research demonstrates the danger to native biodiversity across China because of the substantial, ongoing stock-enhancement activities without prior genetic assessment.     

长江三角洲生态环境脆弱带生态修复技术研究进展

我国长江三角洲作为中国第一大经济区,综合实力最强的经济中心,其城市化和工业化发展迅速,但在人类活动的高强度影响和干预下,该地区的资源环境问题日益突出：生态环境脆弱性程度的增高,脆弱性发展趋势的加快等等一系列问题严重影响着长江三角洲的可持续发展,该区域生态环境呈现出的脆弱性特征已成为我国新的生态环境脆弱带。基于长江三角洲自然、经济、社会和环境状况的数据基础,及国内外脆弱性综合评价指标(自然因素和人为因素),对长江三角洲进行生态环境评估发现该区域具体的生态环境问题主要为土壤污染、城区大气污染、水环境污染,以及地面沉降等。通过剖析长江三角洲4类生态环境问题(土壤污染、大气污染、水环境污染、地面沉降)的现状、形成的具体原因及带来的影响,结合国内外生态修复技术的研究成果,详细论述了该区域4类生态环境问题的生态修复技术类型(物理方法、化学方法、生物方法、生态方法)、基本原理及各自的优缺点,同时评估了不同生态修复技术在污染治理过程中的可行性、安全性、经济性,旨在以上述理论研究为参照标准评估该区域环境污染治理过程中生态修复技术的修复潜力,为长江三角洲生态环境问题的治理修复提供方案及理论参考。长江三角洲...     

Constructed Crevasses and Land Gain in the Mississippi River Delta

Extensive land loss, which is mostly wetland loss, has taken place during this century in the Mississippi River delta and other river deltas. Our purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of constructing “artificial” crevasses, or cuts in the natural levee, made by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the Delta National Wildlife Refuge (DNWR) to slow or reverse this type of land loss. Land growth of the crevasses was determined from aerial photographs and was related to crevasse-site characteristics. The newly constructed crevasses create emergent wetlands after 2 years of subaqueous growth at about 4.7 ha/year and an average cost of $21,377 per crevasse. The present total cost per hectare declines with age as new land builds, and it will equal $48 per hectare if all the open water in the receiving ponds fills in. At these rates, the net land loss rates in the DNWR measured from 1958 to 1978 would be compensated for by the building of 63 crevasses, 24 of which are already in place.     

基于多源数据的三江源国家公园土地生态安全综合评价

开展国家公园尺度的土地生态安全综合评价,对优化三江源国家公园土地利用管理规划、加强生态网络建设具有重要借鉴价值。在“压力-状态-响应”(PSR)理论框架中融入草地退化指数、冻土稳定型分布、生态系统服务价值和景观生态脆弱性等指标,分析三江源国家公园土地生态安全状况及其主导因素。研究表明：(1)三江源国家公园景观生态脆弱性整体较低,不同园区景观生态脆弱性指数略有差异,长江源园区为中等脆弱区,黄河源园区脆弱性次之,澜沧江源园区景观生态脆弱性优于其他两园区。(2)三江源国家公园整体土地生态安全状况为较不安全,其中,长江源园区、澜沧江源园区以较不安全区等级为主、临界安全等级次之,黄河源园区临界安全及以上等级的面积比重为93.94%。(3)土地生态较安全区和安全区分布于长江源园区中南部,以及黄河源园区南北两侧边缘区,较不安全区和临界安全区在长江源园区、澜沧江源园区以及黄河源园区交错且连片分布。(4)基于地理探测器模型的自然生态和社会经济影响因素识别结果显示,居民点密度、水网密度和景观生态脆弱性是影响三江源国家公园土地生态安全的主导因素,揭示了人类活动扰动程度与生态系统脆弱性对国家公园土地生态安全状...     

论生态保护红线的类型划分与管控

生态保护红线划定的目的是为了保护支撑人类经济社会可持续发展的自然生态系统, 实施最为严格的管控措施, 不断改善生态系统服务功能。本文根据《环境保护法》规定和国内相关研究与实践积累, 明确了生态保护红线的概念, 提出了以重点生态功能区保护红线、生态敏感区/脆弱区保护红线、禁止开发区保护红线为核心的生态保护红线体系构成。并进一步将重点生态功能区保护红线区分为陆地重点功能区(包括水源涵养区、水土保持区、防风固沙区和生物多样性维护区)和海洋重点功能区(包括海洋水产种质资源保护区、重要滨海湿地、特殊保护海岛、珍稀濒危物种集中分布区、重要渔业水域等); 将生态敏感区/脆弱区保护红线区分为陆地生态敏感区/脆弱区(土地沙化区、水土流失区、石漠化区、盐渍化区)和海洋生态敏感/脆弱区(海岸带自然岸线、红树林、重要河口、重要砂质岸线、沙源保护海域、珊瑚礁及海草床等); 禁止开发区则包含了自然保护区、世界自然文化遗产地、风景名胜区、森林公园、地质公园、湿地公园、饮用水水源地等类型。基于国家关于生态保护红线管控的最新要求, 提出了分级划定、分类管理的生态保护红线基本管控思路与措施, 按照管理分级和围绕生态功能保护来确定具体管控措施, 旨在为增强生态保护效果, 优化国土空间开发格局, 促进生态文明建设提供理论依据。     

Local competitive effects of introduced Spartina alterniflora on Scirpus mariqueter at Dongtan of Chongming Island, the Yangtze River estuary and their potential ecological consequences

Dongtan of Chongming Island, Shanghai, China is a wetland of international importance, in which dominant vegetation is Scirpus mariqueter community that supports a great diversity of bird species. Spartina alterniflora, native to the eastern and gulf coasts of the USA, was intentionally introduced to the tidelands of Dongtan in May 2001. Field work were conducted at Dongtan from March 2002 to May 2003 to determine how introduced S. alterniflora affects S. mariqueter population dynamics. The results obtained here show that S. alterniflorahad strong competitive effects on S. mariqueter, and that the introduction of S. alterniflora to S. mariqueter community resulted in a significant decreases of S. mariqueter's abundance, coverage, seed and fresh corm output after two growing seasons. A concomitant consequence might be the decline in bird diversity. It is suggested that further introduction of S. alterniflora should be avoided to conserve the wetlands and their associated birds. A plan for controlling further spread of existing S. alterniflora populations in the Yangtze River estuary is urgently needed.     

三江平原湿地生态风险评价及空间阈值分析

湿地生态风险评价对区域自然资源保护及规划管理具有重要意义。以三江平原湿地为研究区域,基于2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年4期土地利用数据,以城市扩张导致的土地利用变化、道路建设等人类活动为风险源,景观生态格局、生态系统服务价值为风险受体构建了三江平原湿地生态风险综合评价体系,分析三江平原湿地生态风险时空变化特征。进而,利用距离阈值确定空间距离权重,采用双变量空间自相关模型揭示了不同时间尺度下生态风险的空间集聚分布特征。结果显示：从风险源角度,人类活动风险源强度呈增加趋势,松花江、穆棱河、倭肯河地区一直处于中高风险水平;从风险受体角度,景观生态风险的中高风险地区重点集中在湿地与水体分布区,生态系统服务低价值区主要分布在中部水田、旱田、建设用地以及东北部与东南小范围的湿地区域。综合生态风险结果显示,三江平原生态风险在时间上呈增加趋势,空间上由松花江河滩型湿地区与穆棱河地区逐渐向四周蔓延。此外,生态风险的强弱受到空间距离的影响显著,选取5km为自相关分析的距离阈值,土地利用与综合生态风险的空间格局存在显著的空间正相关关系,高-高地区集中分布在研究区内的松花江流域及周围滩地地区,随着土地利用变化及转移,空间关联逐渐增强且区域分布不断扩大。研究结果可从人类活动控制、景观格局优化、生态服务价值提升等方面为三江平原生态风险防控分区管理提供理论依据。     

基于适应性循环理论的区域生态风险时空演变评估——以长江三角洲城市群为例

在城市扩张和气候变化背景下,三角洲社会与生态系统正遭受多方面风险威胁,适应性视角下的区域生态风险评估有助于理解复杂系统与风险影响之间的相互作用,为长江三角洲城市群适应性规划策略提供空间定量参考。以长江三角洲城市群社会-生态系统为研究对象,耦合适应性循环与区域生态风险评估理论,构建"潜力-连通度-韧性"适应性生态风险评估框架,从整体和动态的角度评估区域在当前与未来适应性生态风险的时空分布与各城市所处的适应性循环阶段。结果表明,适应性生态风险由沿海区-城市群-生态区域呈现由较高到高再到低的趋势,大城市外围现已出现较高风险。至2030年,风险整体呈上升趋势,高风险向中小城市和生态区域蔓延。从适应性循环阶段来看,杭州、宁波等14个城市处于生态风险较低的重组阶段。常州、南通等8个城市处于风险升高的开发阶段。上海、南京、无锡和苏州处于城市发展成熟风险开始降低的保护阶段。本研究通过评估长三角城市群适应性生态风险,得到高风险区分布与各个城市的适应性风险趋势,为长三角城市群动态变化下的适应性规划策略制定提供了科学的指导,以实现区域的可持续发展。     

基于MODIS的洞庭湖湿地面积对水文的响应

利用MODIS影像数据集提取了2000-2010年间的洞庭湖水面面积。结合城陵矶水位数据分析了10月-翌年5月洞庭湖水体湿地和洲滩湿地的面积变化。研究结果表明,洞庭湖水体湿地呈现明显减小的趋势。2010年2月、10月、12月较2000年2月、10月、12月相比,分别有29.98%、26.76%和9.02%水体湿地转化为洲滩湿地。城陵矶在24-26 m水位涨落的时序变化较大,使东洞庭湖草滩湿地提前出露。推迟淹没,洲滩湿地裸露时间延长,亦将导致低海拔的草滩湿地向芦苇滩湿地的演变。洞庭湖湿地面积的变化是三口、四水来水减少、降雨减少等多方因素共同作用的结果,而三峡在9-10月间蓄水,将进一步加重湿地洲滩化的趋势