国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物四药门花研究进展

通过对文献和多个网络资源数据库(植物志、标本、图像库等)分析考证,及赴部分产地野外实地考察,对国家II级重点保护野生植物四药门花Loropetalum subcordatum的分类学地位、研究进展、标本记录、产地与生境、濒危因素及保护建议等进行综述,以期为该保护物种的生存、发展和保护提供参考。四药门花自1857年在香港采到标本和1861年被命名以来,其研究已有160多年的历史,分布区范围从最初的香港,扩展至广西、贵州和广东。2019年1月作者等在广东台山上川岛发现的四药门花种群,是迄今发现的分布最南、海拔相对较低的野生种群。四药门花濒危的主要原因是间断分布、自身繁殖力低、生境的人为干扰等,文中就其保护措施提出了建议。     

Reproductive Ecology of Ocimum americanum L. and O. basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) in India

Abstract Ocimum americanum and O. basilicum bloom once a year. They produce flowers over a long period, a few flowers being produced each day. The flowers of both are short-lived (3-4 hours), bisexual, zygomorphic, and chasmogamic with anthers dehiscing in the bud stage. The open flowers offer nectar and pollen as rewards and are visited and sternotribically pollinated by day-flying animals. The blossoms are flag-shaped, and the reproductive organs are close to the lower corolla lip. The stamens and stigma show movements immediately after anthesis and remain for 20–30 minutes and this may cause self-pollination. Both species reproduce primarily through autogamy. Flowers are open during 5:30–13:30 hr in O. americanum and during 7:00–13:00 hr in O. basilicum . Certain bee species like Apis florea, A. cerana indica, Amegilla sp., and Pseudapis oxybeloies , and the butterfly Surandra queretroum are the most frequent and consistent visitors and can be pollinators for both plant species.     

马蹄荷属植物(金缕梅科)学名考

本文对金缕梅科马蹄荷属及其各种植物的拉丁学名和异名进行了考证,确认Exbucklandia R. W. Brown是该属有效的拉丁学名,Bucklandia R. Brown et Griff. 和Symingtonia Steenis作为异名。     

红花檵木与檵木花数性表型变异研究

红花木与木花的数性结构有很大差异 ,木 4数性花占 96 2 %(花瓣、雄蕊、退化雄蕊、萼片均为 4数 ) ;野生红花木 4数性花约占 5 0 %;红花木栽培类型以 5数性花居多 ,不同类型品种花的数性结构亦有差异 ,总体变异规律为 :近期栽培品种双面红类 5数性花 >中期栽培品种透骨红类 >早期栽培品种嫩叶红类。利用花的数性表型变异探讨了品种的演化历史和新品种选育的前景。     

Automixis bei pennaten Diatomeen

Automixis in the form of paedogamy or more rarely of autogamy is widely distributed among pennate diatoms.

     

Karyomorphology and evolution in some Hamamelidaceae and Platanaceae (Hamamelididae; Hamamelidales)

Karyomorphology in 14 species of 12 genera representing a variation of Hamamelidaceae and in one species of Platanaceae (Platanus only) is investigated in an effort to contribute to an understanding of chromosome evolution and inter- and intrafamilial relationships. All genera investigated show similar chromosome features at resting stage and prophase, excepting that at resting stageRhodoleia shows the simple, rather than the simple-complex, chromocenter type as in other genera. At metaphase all the genera investigated of Hamamelidaceae, like other ‘lower’ Hamamelididae, have chromosomes with median centromeres (m-chromosomes), those with submedian centromeres (sm-chromosomes) and those with subterminal (or terminal) centromeres (st-t-chromosomes) at different frequencies, although frequencies ofst-t-chromosomes are always less than 33%. InPlatanus,m-chromosomes are lacking and insteadst-t-chromosomes are predominant (86%), a feature seemingly very specialized. We confirmedx=7 in Platanaceae,x=12 in Hamamelidoideae and Rhodoleioideae, andx=8 in Exbucklandioideae and Altingioideae (Hamamelidaceae). An analysis of chromosome morphology supports the hypothesis thatx=12 in the former two subfamilies is of tetraploid origin fromx=6, rather than of triploid origin fromx=8. We further give brief comments on the suprageneric classification of Hamamelidaceae that was recently proposed by Endress.     

中国特有植物——俅江蜡瓣花(金缕梅科)的再次确认

本文对我国云南省独龙江地区的特有植物俅江蜡瓣花(金缕梅科)的习性及生境进行了观察,详细地补充描述了该种植物的花序及花部的外部形态特征,确认该种不同于中华蜡瓣花和西域蜡瓣花。中华蜡瓣花的花序较短,长3～5 cm,常具花10～25朵,退化雄蕊5,鳞片状,稍2浅裂,裂片顶端较尖,花柱长6～7mm;而俅江蜡瓣花的花序较长,长3～8cm,常具花20～40余朵,退化雄蕊5,红色,2全裂至基部,裂片10,棍棒状,长o．5～o,6mm,顶端钝,花柱很短,长1．5～2．omm而明显不同于前者。中华蜡瓣花广布于安徽、浙江、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、及贵州等地,而俅江蜡瓣花则仅局限地分布于云南省贡山县独龙江地区的中海拔山地。因此,我们支持将俅江蜡瓣花作为一独立的种的处理。     

金缕梅科的种子形态学及其系统学评价

本文利用光学显微镜及扫描电镜在属级水平上观察了金缕梅科全部6亚科中的21属41种1变种植物的种子特征,结果表明：该科的种子形状、颜色、大小及种脐特征在各亚科中有差异(除了双花木亚科与金缕梅亚科的大多数属是一致的)可作为区分亚科的特征之一。根据种皮的特征,可划分为5类：(1)种皮平滑或仅在边缘部分具条纹状纹饰(双花木亚科及金缕梅亚科中大部分属);(2)种皮具条纹状纹饰,条纹有波浪加厚或升高(马蹄荷亚科);(3)种皮具瘤状纹饰或具条纹和瘤状相间排列的纹饰(红花荷亚科);(4)种皮具条一网状纹饰(壳菜果亚科);(5)种皮具网状纹饰(枫香亚科)。种皮纹饰对亚科的划分具有一定意义。此外,还详细观察了该科的种皮结构,确认金缕梅科的种皮由外种皮及内种皮构成,而外种皮又进一步划分为外层、中层和内层,种皮各层的细胞层数对该科的分类价值不大。研究结果还表明：枫香亚科的种子特征明显不同于该科的其它成员。关于枫香亚科的系统位置还需深入研究。     

海南产齿裂菌属（斑痣盘菌目）一新种

报道源自中国海南省尖峰岭国家森林公园山铜材落叶上的齿裂菌属一新种,即山铜材齿裂菌Coccomyces chuniae。对该种进行了描述、图解和讨论。模式标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林菌物标本室（AAUF）。     

Delayed autonomous self-pollination in Hibiscus laevis (Malvaceae)

Delayed autonomous self-pollination allows outcrossing to occur while also ensuring that seeds are produced in the absence of pollen vectors. We investigated variation in the efficacy of this pollination mechanism in populations of Hibiscus laevis. Recurvature of stylar branches occurred after 1 d of anthesis, and in plants from Ohio, Illinois, Arkansas, and Oklahoma this behavior resulted in autonomous selfing (surprisingly, stylar movement was facultative in that it did not take place when the stigmas were already pollinated). In contrast to these more northern populations, the distance between anthers and stigmas was too great to allow autonomous selfing in plants from Texas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Greenhouse studies of plants from Ohio demonstrated that autonomous selfing resulted in an average of 29.5 seeds per flower, as compared to 59.9 seeds per flower from hand-pollination of stigmas with self pollen. In an assessment of the possible significance of this selfing mode, emasculated flowers did not set significantly fewer seeds in a natural stand in Ohio, suggesting that few seeds resulted from autonomous selfing at that site. Modest inbreeding depression was detected at this population. Our results suggest that delayed autonomous selfing is more common in northern populations, where it may facilitate population establishment and persistence at times when pollinators are scarce.