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1.
 以中国东北样带(NECT)为依托,基于沿样带的野外观测和土壤实测数据,分析了沿样带的土壤碳、氮、磷的空间分布格局及其与年降水、年均温之间的关系。结果表明:样带内土壤有机碳、土壤全氮、土壤有效氮、土壤全磷、土壤有效磷沿经度均呈现出东高西低的分布趋势;降水量和温度对土壤碳、氮、磷的作用强度顺序分别为土壤有效氮、土壤有机碳、土壤全氮、土壤全磷和土壤有效磷;并建立了土壤有机碳、土壤全氮、土壤有效氮、土壤全磷、土壤有效磷与年降水、年均温之间的多项式回归方程,为样带陆地碳收支评估及养分循环提供基础资料。  相似文献   

2.
中国东北样带植被净初级生产力时空动态遥感模拟   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
 中国东北样带(Northeast China Transect, NECT)是中纬度半干旱区的国际地圈-生物圈计划(IGBP)陆地样带之一, 是全球变化研究的 重要手段与热点。该研究应用生态系统碳循环过程CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型分析了NECT从1982~1999年植被净初级生产力 (Net primary productivity, NPP)的时空变异及其影响因子。结果表明, 1) 1982~1999年NECT植被NPP为58 ~ 811 g C·m–2·a–1, 平均为426 g C·m–2·a–1, 大体上呈现由东向西逐渐递减的趋势; 2)研究时段内NECT的总NPP变异范围是0.218 ~ 0.325 Pg C, 平均为0.270 Pg C (1 Pg = 1015 g); 3) NECT的总NPP在过去18年内整体呈显著性增加趋势, 其中从1982~1990年样带NPP呈显著性增加趋势, 而后期1991~1999样带NPP没 有显著性变化趋势; 4)沿NECT不同植被类型对气候变化的响应特征是不同的, 在研究时段内, 农田、典型草原和草甸草原表现出最大的NPP增加 量, 而典型草原、荒漠草原对气候变化表现出高的敏感性; 5) NECT植被NPP的空间分布格局是由年降水量的分布格局所决定, 而NPP的时间变异 则由年降水量、年太阳总辐射的变化所影响驱动。  相似文献   

3.
Analysis of information from about 287 sample plots on Northeast China Transect (NECT) indicated that between 1986 and 1994 at latitude 43.48° N to 43.55° N and longitude 124.93° E to 131.28° E, the relative abundance of different tree species changed differently. The change of relative abundance for the moisture-sensitive tree species, such as Quercus mongolica and Larix olgensis, was helpful to detect climate change. Use of GIS software and the and w indices of tree diversity on NECT showed that the areas of high and medium tree diversity decreased, respectively, while the area of low tree diversity increased. The heterogeneity of habitats along the NECT increased with climate change and local human activities.  相似文献   

4.
中国东北样带树种(属)的空间特性及变化   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
对中国东北样带上16个树种(属)在1986年与1994年景观水平的地理分布、出现频率、优势度及空间相关性等空间特性的分析得出,红松(Pinus koraiensis Sleb.et Zucc.)与花曲柳(Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hemsl.)分别是向西和向东扩展最快;种群的分布边界形态与该边界的移动有密切关系;红松、山杨(Populus davidiana Dode.)、黄檗  相似文献   

5.
中国东北样带树种(属)的空间特性及变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The 16 tree species on Northeast China Transect (NECT) were analyzed from the change of geographical distribution, frequency and dominance pattern and the spatial correlation at landscape scale in 1986 and 1994. Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hemsl. had spread rapidly towards west and east, respectively. The frontier form of species had close relation with its movement. The patch size of Pinus koraiensis, Populus davidiana Dode., Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Betula dahurica Pall., Picea koraiensis Nakai, Abies nephrolepis Maxim. and Larix olgeusis var. koreana Nakai decreased, however, Quercus mongolica Fisch., Betula costata Trautv., Acer mono Maxim., Tilia spp., Ulmus spp., Betula platyphylla Suk. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla increased. The frequency pattern of Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Betula dahurica changed significantly. The dominance pattern of Populus davidiana, Tilia spp., Juglans mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, Betula dahurica and Abies nephrolepis changed significantly. The spatial correlation between Quercus mongolica and Betula dahurica, Betula costata and Picea spp., Betula costata and Abies nephrolepis, Picea spp. and Abies nephrolepis declined, however, the spatial correlation between Larix spp. and Betula platyphylla, Acer mono and Ulmus spp. increased.  相似文献   

6.
    
The 16 tree species on Northeast China Transect (NECT) were analyzed from the change of geographical distribution, frequency and dominance pattern and the spatial correlation at landscape scale in 1986 and 1994. Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hemsl. had spread rapidly towards west and east, respectively. The frontier form of species had close relation with its movement. The patch size of Pinus koraiensis, Populus davidiana Dode., Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Betula dahurica Pall., Picea koraiensis Nakai, Abies nephrolepis Maxim. and Larix olgeusis var. koreana Nakai decreased, however, Quercus mongolica Fisch., Betula costata Trautv., Acer mono Maxim., Tilia spp., Ulmus spp., Betula platyphylla Suk. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla increased. The frequency pattern of Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Betula dahurica changed significantly. The dominance pattern of Populus davidiana, Tilia spp., Juglans mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, Betula dahurica and Abies nephrolepis changed significantly. The spatial correlation between Quercus mongolica and Betula dahurica, Betula costata and Picea spp., Betula costata and Abies nephrolepis, Picea spp. and Abies nephrolepis declined, however, the spatial correlation between Larix spp. and Betula platyphylla, Acer mono and Ulmus spp. increased.  相似文献   

7.
河北嶂石岩风景区蜘蛛群落结构及多样性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张锋  朱立敏 《生态学杂志》2008,27(11):1937-1940
2007年7月对河北赞皇嶂石岩国家级风景区蜘蛛群落结构进行了调查,采用局地取样与随机扫网相结合的方法,共采集蜘蛛标本1 226头,隶属于24科61属81种.嶂石岩风景区蜘蛛物种多样性丰富,漏斗蛛、蟹蛛、皿蛛和狼蛛是该地区的优势类群.不同生境中的蜘蛛种类和个体密度均有差别,其中,灌木丛生境中蜘蛛种类(54)、个体密度(20.9头·m-2)和Shannon多样性指数(3.264)均明显高于森林落叶层和滩涂生境;森林落叶层生境中蜘蛛分布的优势集中性指数最高(0.116),导致其种类分布均匀性指数(0.749)最低;滩涂生境中种类分布均匀性指数最高(0.853),这与其种类多为游猎型有关.对该地区蜘蛛物种和多度关系分析表明,嶂石岩风景区蜘蛛群落结构与Fisher对数级数分布模型能够较好地拟合.  相似文献   

8.
 基于中国东北样带2001年考察采集土样的实测数据及CO2浓度升高和干旱胁迫的模拟试验资料,分析了土壤活性有机碳的分布特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明,样带土壤活性有机碳与土壤有机碳之间呈极显著正相关关系(相关系数R=0.993,p<0.001)。表层土壤活性有机碳平均为(3.5  相似文献   

9.
中国东北样带土壤氮的分布特征及其对气候变化的响应   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
根据2001年中国东北样带土壤全氮和有效氮的实测数据,结合CO2浓度倍增与不同土壤湿度的模拟试验数据,对土壤全氮和有效氮的梯度分布、影响因子分析及其对气候变化的响应进行研究.结果表明,样带土壤表层全氮和有效氮的梯度分布与土壤有机碳的分布基本一致:沿经度呈现东高西低的趋势,局部由于土壤退化而出现低谷.土壤全氮的剖面分布和土壤有机碳相似,而土壤有效氮则有所不同.样带土壤全氮和有效氮与土壤pH、有机碳、全磷、全硫、全锌、土壤活性碳、有效磷、有效钾、有效锰、有效锌、土壤容重、田间持水量、土壤总孔度等因子均呈显著或极显著的相关关系.样带土壤全氮和有效氮与降雨量之间呈极显著的正相关关系(r=0.682,P<0.001和0.688,P<0.001).短期培养试验中,CO2浓度倍增和不同土壤湿度下土壤全氮和有效氮的变异较小(变异系数分别是5.55%和3.84%),但可反映一定的变化趋势.  相似文献   

10.
韩梅  杨利民  张永刚  周广胜 《生态学报》2006,26(6):1825-1832
在全球动态植被模型的发展中,受限于人力、物力和财力使得在物种水平上的研究变得既不可能也无必要。植物功能群的划分是从生态学的,而不是系统发育的角度来相互比较地对待不同地区的植物,从而削减了植被变化研究中植物分类群的数量,已成为研究植被变化及生物多样性对生态系统功能作用的重要单位。植物的不同光合途径(C3、C4和CAM)从叶片组织结构到生理功能,从生态适应到地理分布均表现出对不同水、热、光环境的响应,是理想的植物功能群分类。为此,分析了中国东北样带以羊草(Leymus chinensis)为建群种或共建种的草原群落植物光合类型功能群生物量及其与群落初级生产力和环境变化的关系。结果表明:(1)C4植物生物量具有明显的变化规律,且对环境变化的响应显著,其变异性较高,更能反映样地问环境变化的差异;(2)C4与C3植物变化具有明显的互补性,并且多数C4植物常在逆境中起到更大作用,如干旱化、盐碱化和放牧干扰;(3)C4植物种类少,在所有调查样方中仅出现7种,占总出现种类的9.72%。这些特点说明C4植物可以考虑作为评估和预测我国温带草原植被及其生态系统变化的重要植物功能群。  相似文献   

11.
    
Aim To understand the scenarios of ‘anthropogenic biomes’ that integrate human and ecological systems, we need to explore the impacts of climate and human disturbance on vegetation in the past and present. Interactions among surface pollen, modern vegetation and human activities along climate and land‐use gradients are tested to evaluate the natural and anthropogenic forces shaping the modern vegetation, and hence to aid the reconstruction of vegetation and climate in the past. This in turn will help with future predictions. Location The North‐east China Transect (NECT) in north‐eastern China. Methods We analysed 33 surface pollen samples and 213 quadrats across four vegetation zones along the moisture/land‐use gradients of the NECT. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) of 52 pollen taxa and three environmental variables were used to distinguish anthropogenic and climatic factors that affect surface pollen assemblages along the NECT. Results The 33 surface samples are divided into four pollen zones (forest, meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe) corresponding to major vegetation types in the NECT. Variations in pollen ratios of fern/herb (F/H), Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae (A/C) and arboreal pollen/non‐arboreal pollen (AP/NAP) represent the vegetation and precipitation gradient along the NECT. DCA and RDA analyses suggest that surface pollen assemblages are significantly influenced by the precipitation gradient. Changes in the abundance of Chenopodiaceae pollen are related to both human activities and precipitation. Main conclusions Surface pollen assemblages, fossil pollen records, archaeological evidence and historical documents in northern China show that a large increase of Chenopodiaceae pollen indicates human‐caused vegetation degradation in sandy habitats. The A/C ratio is a good indicator of climatic aridity, but should be used in conjunction with multiple proxies of human activities and climate change in the pollen‐based reconstruction of anthropogenic biomes.  相似文献   

12.
分析3种针茅草原群落初级生产力的年季动态,并利用积分回归模型探讨其对降水量季节性分配的响应,揭示水分有效性对植物初级生产力的影响.结果表明,制约3类针茅群落初级生产力年度变化的是水分,即前一年11月到当年8月的月降水量的年度变异是直接导致群落初级生产力年度变化的主要原因.降水的季节分配对于3类针茅群落初级生产力的形成有着不同的作用.前一年11月至当年4月降水对于植物群落的初级生产力具有正效应,从5月开始降水对植物初级生产力的促进作用有了不同程度的降低.大针茅和克氏针茅群落的季节降水量格局较为相近,但是大针茅群落与克氏针茅群落相比对降水的利用效率较高;贝加尔针茅群落则表现出更高效的降水利用率.由此可见,降水量月季分配及其对针茅群落影响程度的不同是造成3种针茅草原地带性分布的原因.  相似文献   

13.
中国东北样带(NECT)植物群落复杂性与多样性研究   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
在更广的意义上考虑群落复杂性的概念,将群落总复杂性分离为基于无序的复杂性和结构复杂性,并以群落的两个原始数据-群落组分(例如种群)数和各组分个体的比例分布为基础,用描述群落的最小剩余码的平均码长L(S)=q/∑/j=1pjlj(其中lj为物种S的相对多度的Huffman码字长度,q是物种数,pj满q/∑/j=1pj=1)测度群落总复杂性,用Shannon-Wiener熵H(S)=-q/∑/j=1p  相似文献   

14.
    
This study examine the notion of plant community complexity in a broad sense and develop a new measure based on the average length L(S) (L(S)=∑ qj=1p jl j ) of the communication-theoretical parsimonious code required to describe the community (S). Total complexity may be differentiated into organized and unorganized complexity. The author refers to Shannon-Wiener entropy H(S) (H(S)=-∑ qj=1 p j log 2 p j ) and Renyi entropy H 12 (S) (H α(S)=11-αlog 2∑ qj=1 p α j , where α =12) as “disorder-based complexity\", L(S) as “total complexity\" and the difference Δ(S)=L(S)-H(S) and Δ 12 (S)=L(S)-H 12 (S) as “structural complexity\". The complexity and diversity of typical plant communities along the NECT (Northeast China Transect) were discussed. The results suggest that structural complexity is higher in the lightly grazed grassland than the heavily grazed grassland. Clearly, structural complexity and disorder-based diversity are not substitutes for one another and should be considered as autonomous, equally important properties. Δ 12(S) measures a community complexity distinct form the disorder-based complexity H 12 (S) .  相似文献   

15.
中国东北样带的梯度分析及其预测   总被引:52,自引:1,他引:52  
陆地样带研究已成为国际地圈-生物圈计划(IGBP)全球变化研究的重要手段与热点。中国东北样带(NECT)已被列为IGBP国际全球变化陆地样带之一。该样带在东经112°与130°30'之间沿北纬43°30'设置,长约1600km,是一条中纬度温带以降水为驱动因素的梯度,具有由温带针阔叶混交林向温带草原的3个亚地带——草甸草原、典型草原与荒漠草原过渡的空间系列。该样带上有4个生态实验站。在大量的固定样地、实验调查研究资料与数据的基础上给出了样带的初步梯度分析及在全球变化图景下的预测,包括其地理位置、设置意义、地形地貌、气候梯度、土壤类型、植被类型和土地利用格局,一个遥感数据驱动的模型和NPP模型在整个样带上运行过。今后NECT将在生物地球化学循环(水、C、N、P等与痕量气体CO_2、CH_4等)、生态系统结构、功能与动态、生物多样性、土地利用与土地覆盖、动态全球植被模型(DGVM)以及高分辨率遥感数据应用等方面得到加强,将成为我国全球变化与陆地生态系统(GCTE)与其它IGBP核心项目研究的前沿阵地。  相似文献   

16.
判别分析是多元统计分析中判断个体所属类型的一种重要方法。以中国东北样带(NECT)作为研究平台,利用判别分析鉴别植物光合功能型。采用国际上先进的植物光合测定系统LCA4便携式光合仪和CID_203便携式叶面积仪在野外所测定的植物生理生态参数,选取51个来自C3功能群的植物种和15个来自C4功能群的植物种构建判别模型,进行光合碳同化途径的判别。用马氏距离和后验概率判别准则进行回判,准确率达到98.48%。利用此判别模型可以根据任一植物的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶温与大气温度之差4项指标判别该植物的光合碳同化功能型  相似文献   

17.
    
Discriminant analysis is an important method in multivariate statistic analysis to distinguish whatever type an individual should belong to. Based on the field actual photosynthetic data obtained from the research platform--Northeast China Transect (NECT), the concept and principle of discriminant analysis were used to distinguish the different plant photosynthetic types. A number of indices related to plant photosynthetic rate measured by a LCA4 photosynthesis system were selected to build the discriminant model. In this case study, 15 plant species from C4 plant functional groups and 51 from C3 plant functional groups were selected to build a discriminant model. The rate of accuracy, of returned classification using methods of squared Mahalanobis distances from group centroids and posterior probabilities, reached to 98.48 %. With the help of this model, any plants' photosynthetic types could be distinguished simply by using their four related parameters, viz., photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance and the temperature difference between leaf surface and atmosphere.  相似文献   

18.
Quickly predicting which species are most susceptible to extirpation in a defined area is important for conservation and environmental monitoring. We hypothesised that the susceptibility of tree species to extinction in an area could be inferred by the spatial and temporal dynamics of its populations. Here we use change in population size, population spatial variability, spatial autocorrelation, spatial cohesion, crash rate, and recovery rate to characterise the relative susceptibility to extirpation for seven tree species along the Northeast China Transect from 1986 to 1994. Betula dahurica Pall. and Populus davidiana Dode. were found to have a higher susceptibility to loss than Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc., Betula costata Trautv., and Larix olgensis A. Henry in this area during this time period. The same methods could be useful to monitor and predict the susceptibility of species extinction at a larger regional scale.  相似文献   

19.
中国东北样带草地群落放牧干扰植物多样的变化   总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33       下载免费PDF全文
放牧干扰是草地群落植物多样性变化的主要影响因素之一。中国东北样带9个草地群落放牧干扰植物多样性性变化的研究结果表明:中牧或重牧阶段Shannon指数达最大值。形成中牧(重牧)>重牧(中牧)>轻牧>过牧的规律。群落物种丰富度、均匀度与多样性的相关分析表明,均匀度变化对多样性变化具有更大的贡献率。而丰富度呈下降趋势,即轻牧(中牧)>中牧(轻牧)>重牧>过牧。生活型功能群多样性也表现出明显的变化。中国东北样带草地群落植物多样性的分布格局是:草甸草原>典型草原>典型草原>荒漠草原>碱化草甸,并且群落物种丰富度对多样性有更大贡献率。  相似文献   

20.
    
Yang L M  Han M  Zhou G S  Li J D 《农业工程》2007,27(1):16-23
Leymus chinensis is a keystone species in the temperate zone grassland of China. Along the NECT (Northeast China Transect) in 2001, water-use efficiency of L. chinensis was analyzed with δ13C, and changes in the stoma density of its leaves were observed and computed under a microscope. Results showed that the ecological plasticity modulation of the stoma density of L. chinensis and its water-use efficiency were two important mechanisms for its broad ecological adaptability. From east to west along the NECT, the δ13C of the species varied from -27.49‰ to -23.57‰, consisting with the reduction of annual precipitation, soil water and annual average temperature, but increased with the increase of the elevation of sampling sites. The stoma density increased from 96.9/mm2 to 169.5/mm2, indicating that the water-use efficiency for the species was improved along the gradient. The linear coefficient between the two parameters was significant (R2 = 0.7338). The results of a stepwise regression analysis showed that the soil water was the first marked factor for determining the stoma density, and the next was the annual precipitation, which suggested that the water factors were the primary ecological factors influencing the stoma density of L. chinensis. The findings in this study showed that the responses of the stoma density and the water-use efficiency for L. chinensis to environmental changes were very complicated. They may be the outcome operated synthetically by all environmental factors in the long-term adaptation to different ecological environments, including human activity, for L. chinensis.  相似文献   

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