溶氧对Blakeslea trispora分批发酵生产β-胡萝卜素的影响

在摇瓶和5 L发酵罐中研究了溶氧 (DO) 对Blakeslea trispora分批发酵生产β-胡萝卜素的影响,总结了5 L发酵罐中β-胡萝卜素发酵过程中溶氧的变化规律.结果表明,当500 mL摇瓶装液量为50 mL,转速为240 r/min条件下发酵生产β-胡萝卜素产量最大,达到3.416 g/L; 5 L发酵罐中,在搅拌转速为1 000 r/min,通气量为1.5 vvm的条件下,β-胡萝卜素的产量可达到3.712 g/L,略高于摇瓶,这可能是由于5 L发酵罐中的气液传递和混合状况好于摇瓶,促进了产物的合成.     

Continuous, real-time monitoring of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) in animal cell bioreactors

A new method for real-time monitoring of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) in bioreactors, based on dissolved oxygen (DO) measurement at two points, has been developed and tested extensively. The method has several distinct advantages over known techniques.It enables the continuous and undisturbed monitoring of OUR, which is conventionally impossible without gas analyzers. The technique does not require knowledge of k(L)a. It provides smooth, robust, and reliable signal. The monitoring scheme is applicable to both microbial and mammalian cell bioprocesses of laboratory or industrial scale. The method was successfully used in the cultivation of NSO-derived murine myeloma cell line producing monoclonal antibody. It was found that while the OUR increased with the cell density, the specific OUR decreased to approximately one-half at cell concentrations of 16 x 10(6) cells/mL, indicating gradual reduction of cell respiration activity. Apart from the laboratory scale cultivation, the method was applied to industrial scale perfusion culture, as well as to processes using other cell lines. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

固定化小球藻产氧及光合速率的研究

通过对固定化小球藻产氧及光合速率的研究,进一步解决水产养殖水体溶解氧不足的问题,为生物增氧技术投入使用奠定基础。固定化具有较高的生物量及生物活性,在研究中被广泛使用。运用固定化技术对固定化小球藻产氧及光合速率进行了研究,结果表明,固定化小球藻具有较好的生物量及生物活性,海藻酸钠+羧甲基纤维素钠+硅藻土作为固定化基质有利于小球藻的放氧,其最高放氧量介于第3-4天,对于1 L水体增氧的最适固定化小球藻体积为150 mL,固定化小球藻的光合速率明显高于游离态小球藻。固定化技术增加了小球藻生物量和生物活性,具有较好的生物增氧特性,是较好的生物增氧材料。     

Lake Kinneret dissolved oxygen regime reflects long term changes in ecosystem functioning

Lake Kinneret (Israel) has undergone several prominent chemical and biological changes since 1970. Between 1970 and 1991 significant, long-term gradual increase were recorded in epilimnetic dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (about 20%), and in pH levels (0.2 units). Concomitantly there was a significant increase in hypolimnetic H₂S concentrations (about 75%) and a long-term gradual drop in zooplankton biomass (50%). Since 1994 these trends were reversed and the levels of the three chemical parameters have returned to those found in the 1970's and that of zooplankton to mid 1980's levels. The present study is an attempt to relate some of these long term changes by means of yearly oxygen budgets, based on fluxes of oxygen producing and consuming processes. This analysis raises the possibility that part of the long-term increase in epilimnetic DO and pH between 1970 to 1990 may be attributed to reduced inputs of organic matter from alochthonous sources and possibly to enhanced burial of organic matter in the bed sediments. However, the major cause for the observed increase in epilimnetic DO and pH is increased sedimentation of organic matter to the hypolimnion during stratification. As indicated by the amount of H₂S formed in the hypolimnion during stratification added to the amount of oxygen entrapped in this layer at the onset of thermal stratification, between 1970 to 1991 the sedimentation flux of organic matter increased by approximately 40%. It is estimated that during these two decades hypolimnetic respiration increased from ca. 8% of the annual amount of oxygen evolved due to photosynthesis during the early 1970's to ca. 12.5% during the 1980's. The shift in the layer of oxidative processes is suggested to be the result of a multi-annual decline in zooplankton grazing pressure, which led to increased sedimentation of organic matter. The reversed trends for DO, pH and H₂S since 1994 may have partially been due to the increase in zooplankton activity and partially due to changes in phytoplankton community structure.     

苏云金杆菌溶氧控制发酵

利用BIOSTATC10自控发酵罐 ,研究了Bt菌种Gc - 91进行间歇培养时氧的供需特性。研究表明 ,以生产培养基配方进行发酵时 ,生长高峰期的临界氧浓度在DO12 .0 %～ 17.5%之间 ,控制溶氧接近于临界氧浓度进行发酵 ,Bt晶体含量和毒力效价有大幅提高。     

L—异亮氨酸发酵对氧需求的研究

L—异亮氨酸主要用于医药和食品行业,是人体八种必需氨基酸之一.合理地供氧L—异亮氨酸产酸多,杂氨基酸量低.以钝齿棒杆菌(Corynebacterium Crenatum)为菌株,在71自动控制发酵罐中分批培养,在1.0—1.5vvm通气量范围内,测得了L—异亮氨酸发酵的多项参数,并对它们之间的关系及控制手段进行综合分析,提出了工业发酵过程中继续提高发酵水平的依据.     

发酵法生产葡萄糖酸钠过程中参数检测

主要研究了发酵法生产葡萄糖酸钠过程中的各参数的变化规律,通过在线监测和离线分析检测,得出各参数的变化规律:各参数的变化均与黑曲霉的生长周期有关;发酵初期(0~5 h)各参数维持恒定;发酵期(5~16 h)溶氧、残糖质量浓度分别快速降低至30%、15 g/L;酶活、葡萄糖酸钠含量快速上涨至500 U/mL、18 g/L;发酵中后期(16~20 h)维持阶段,各参数缓慢变化;发酵结束后溶氧回升。各参数的变化规律与黑曲霉生长周期的关系研究为工厂进一步优化发酵工艺、缩短发酵周期提供原始的理论依据。     

Phase fluorometric sterilizable optical oxygen sensor

We report here on a low-cost, optical oxygen sensor as an attractive alternative to the widely used amperometric Clark-type oxygen electrode for measuring dissolved oxygen tensions in cell cultures and bioreactor. Our sensor is based on the defferential quenching of the fluorescence lifetime of chromophore in response to the partial pressure of oxygen. This is measured as a phase shift in fluorescence emission from the chromophore due to oxygen quenching when excited by an intensity modulated beam of light. In this article we demonstrate the advantages of lifetime-based optical methods over both intensity based optical methods and amperometric electrodes. Our sensor is particularly suitable for measuring dissolved oxygen in bioreactors. It is autoclavable, is free of maintenance requirements, and solvents the problems of long-term stability, calibration drifts, and reliable measurement of low oxygen tensions in dense microbial cultures that limit the utility of Clark-type elcectordes. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The physico-chemical hydrology of a tropical seasonal river-upper Ogun river

The physico-chemical properties of the Ogun River were recorded between January 1974 and December 1975. A wet season with mean monthly rainfall of 9.72 cm. (s.d. = 5.07 cm) occurred from April through October, while a dry season with mean monthly rainfall of 0.56 cm. (s.d. = 0.99 cm) occurred between November and March. The seasonal changes in the rainfall of the drainage area resulted in an alternation of the hydrological regimes of the river. The high water level of the river that arose as a result of the rains made the water flowed unidirectionally from July through December. After the rains, the water level receded gradually to a point where by January the river broke up into a chain of pools. In a lotic state, the water's tansparency, pH, total alkalinity and conductivity were lower, while its dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide concentrations were higher than the corresponding conditions in the residual pools formed when the water was lentic. In this latter form, the observed diurnal surface water temperature fluctuations were more and diel thermal stratification occurred. It was evident that the water in both phases was well aerated. The diurnal fluctuations in the water temperatures and the relationships between the determined environmental factors were assayed.     

溶氧对L-缬氨酸发酵过程的影响

目的:以黄色短杆菌XV0505为供试菌,探索溶氧对L-缬氨酸发酵过程的影响及其控制策略。方法:利用5L发酵罐,考察了不同溶氧浓度对L-缬氨酸发酵的影响,并采用代谢流分析对其结果进行阐述,提出分阶段溶氧控制策略。结果:采用分阶段溶氧控制策略,即在0～24h溶氧浓度为20%,24～60h溶氧浓度为5%,发酵60h,L-缬氨酸可达到58.36g/L,比5%和20%溶氧浓度下分别提高了18.95%和13.56%。结论:溶氧浓度对L-缬氨酸发酵有重要影响。     

溶氧水平对红豆杉细胞悬浮培养的影响研究

紫杉醇 (Ｔａｘｏｌ)是源自红豆杉提取物的一种高度衍生化的二萜类化合物 ,临床实验结果表明紫杉醇对于卵巢癌、乳腺癌、胃肠道癌等具有明显的抗肿瘤活性[1] ,因而受到世界各国的广泛关注 ,并已被美国食品与药品管理局 (ＦＤＡ)批准用于卵巢癌与乳腺癌的治疗[2 ] 。到目前为止紫杉醇仍然主要从树皮中提取 ,但由于红豆杉生长缓慢 ,天然资源非常有限 ,加快其替代来源的研究势在必行。利用植物细胞悬浮培养生产紫杉醇作为一种可行的选择 ,近年来取得了较大的进展[3 ,4 ] 。本文研究了摇瓶及 2 0 Ｌ反应器培养过程的溶氧水平对细胞生长及紫杉醇…     

Dissolved oxygen concentration and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in an artificially destratified lake

Changes in species composition and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates during summer and fall were compared in an area of a lake artificially destratified and in an arm not destratified. Numbers of species, diversity, and density were significantly correlated with the concentration of dissolved oxygen, while none of the biotic variables were correlated with temperature.Research supported with funds from the Oklahoma Water Resources Research Institute     

Reaction kinetics in biofilms

A novel in situ microtechnique allows evaluating parameters of diffusion-controlled reactions in biofilms. A microprobe, 15 mum in diameter, was used to simultaneously measure the dissolved oxygen concentration and the optical density at different depths in a submerged biofilm. Based on the results, the biofilm diffusion coefficient for dissolved oxygen, D(f) the dissolved oxygen flux through the biofilm surface, J(02), and the half velocity coefficient, K(s), have been calculated.