共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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本文提出一种热声、光声双模态乳腺肿瘤检测成像系统。本装置中,脉冲微波和脉冲激光分别为热声、光声激发源,产生的热声、光声信号被同一个超声探测器、同一套数据采集装置接收,用同一种成像算法重建出图像。该系统可同时获取多种互补的诊断参数,提高检测早期乳腺肿瘤的准确率。 相似文献
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目的 生物电磁学参数中的电导率与组织的功能性信息直接相关,精准重建生物组织电导率在医学成像技术和医学诊断领域中有着重要意义。本文改进定量微波热声层析成像(microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography,MTAT)算法,使组织电导率的重建精度提高。方法 本文在利用有限元离散法求解热声波动方程和亥姆霍兹方程的基础之上,提出了一种基于正则化牛顿迭代法(regularized Newton iteration method,RNIM)定量重建组织电导率的改进方法。结果 通过数值模拟实验和含不同浓度NaCl溶液的仿体实验,验证了算法改进的有效性。组织仿体实验结果表明,目标在不同位置、不同大小、不同对比度情况下,相比于定量微波热声层析成像采用拟合(fitting)的方法,采用正则化牛顿法定量重建的仿体电导率相对误差明显降低,重建目标精度提高。在仿体实验中采用RNIM方法重建相同浓度的单目标在不同位置的电导率变化幅度更小,以及重建多目标电导率的相对比值与实际更接近,实验结果验证了改进方法的稳定性。结论 研究结果表明优化算法能更加准确地定量重建组织仿体的电导率,... 相似文献
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骨坏死是骨科临床常见的疾病,严重地影响人类健康及生存质量,临床研究表明骨坏死治疗效果取决该病的早期诊断.X线成像、计算机断层摄影(CT)及同位素骨扫描等一些传统的检查方法难以对骨坏死进行早期诊断,即使应用核磁共振成像(MRI)检测也存在很大的局限性,所以寻求一种简单易行、无创、价廉的早期诊断骨坏死的方法具有重要临床意义.光声层析成像是近年来发展起来的新技术,对哺乳动物组织可产生高对比、高分辨率影像.为探讨光声层析成像对骨坏死早期诊断的可行性,应用脉冲激光产生的光声成像技术对早期动物股骨头坏死模型及人股骨头坏死标本进行图像重建分析,实验结果显示,重建图像和股骨头坏死标本的部位、形状及尺寸完全吻合,成像系统空间分辨率为0.3 mm,表明光声层析成像技术有望成为一种有效的诊断早期骨坏死的新方法. 相似文献
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本文首次通过人体实验验证了微波热声成像技术用于人体甲状腺检测的可行性.文章首先讨论了该技术用于人体甲状腺检测的可行性;然后对3名志愿者的健康甲状腺进行了微波热声成像实验.结果表明:微波热声成像能够对人体健康甲状腺进行清晰成像,能够真实反映皮肤、甲状腺和气管等不同组织的结构特征;并且一次完整的检测过程时间约5 s,系统操作简单成像快速.综上所述,微波热声成像技术有望为甲状腺疾病的基础研究和临床诊断提供一种新的影像学参考. 相似文献
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微波热声成像综合了微波成像和超声成像的优点,具有很好的穿透深度及较高的图像分辨率。热声成像的激发源通常为基于脉冲调制的亚微秒级脉冲微波,激发能量密度约为几mJ/cm2,激发出的热声信号主频通常为2 MHz,成像分辨率约为500μm。随着热声成像向着临床应用方向发展,能否有效的减小辐射剂量并提高成像分辨率,是热声成像系统设计成败的一个关键因素。为了有效改善微波热声成像中热损伤及分辨率,设计开发了超短脉冲微波热声成像系统,实验结果表明该系统提高了热声转化效率约两个数量级,成像分辨率达到105μm,为热声成像的临床应用铺平了道路。 相似文献
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光声成像是一种新兴的无损生物医学成像方法,因其兼具高灵敏的光学对比度和超声能够对深层组织进行高分辨成像的优点,已经成为当前生物医学成像领域发展最快的技术之一。光声成像的光吸收对比度能够反映生物组织微小的组织病变,与血氧饱和度等多种功能和生理信息紧密相关,目前已被证明在肿瘤血管新生研究、早期癌症检测和心血管疾病诊断等方面有很大的应用潜力。基于超声阵列探测的常规光声计算层析成像系统,数据采集量大,由此导致的较低数据采集和成像速度成为制约该技术临床应用和转化的重要因素。压缩感知理论可以在远低于Nyquist采样定理的欠采样方式下,高质量重建信号,已被广泛用于信号处理和传统的医学图像重建领域。自2009年压缩感知理论被应用于光声成像以来,已有的研究结果表明,该方法为解决目前大区域光声成像的数据采集和成像速度问题提供了一条有效的途径。本文将重点介绍压缩感知理论用于光声成像的基本原理、研究现状、面临的问题和应用前景。 相似文献
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《Journal of Biomedical Engineering》1991,13(3):197-202
Active microwave imaging gives information on the dielectric properties of the body, allowing the collection of data that are distinct from, but complementary to, those available from other imaging methods based on different radiations. Two types of microwave imaging systems have been developed. The first is a planar system that irradiates the object with a plane wave and collects scattered phase and amplitude data at 1024 points on a parallel plane. The data can be reconstructed using a back propagation technique to give an image of the object. The second type of system is a tomographic scanner, consisting of a multiplexed 64-element circular array of waveguides. The waveguides are electronically scanned, alternately as sources and receivers, to give a complete scan of the object with no mechanical movement. A tomographic ‘slice’ of the object is reconstructed using spectral domain interpolation. Both systems work at 2.45 GHz with an incident power < 1 mW cm−2 at the object and require a coupling medium (usually water) between the object and the source/receiver. Imaging parameters are appropriate for clinical use: a spatial resolution of 1 cm, measurement time of a few seconds and contrast resolution of around 1%. The effects of changes in perfusion on images of isolated animal organs are presented. Images have also been obtained, with both systems, of the internal dielectric structure of the forearm and of variations in dielectric properties due to changes of tissue blood content effected by application and release of tourniquets to the upper arm. Results s how that these changes are well demonstrated by microwave imaging, and possible clinical applications are discussed. 相似文献
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《International journal of bio-medical computing》1989,24(2):133-142
A model system is described which simulates the presenting features of cases of vaginal discharge. This system was used to examine the effects of removing individual clinical features on the overall efficiency of diagnosis by Bayes theorem. The diagnostic efficiency was significantly reduced by elimination of inflammation, of a frothy discharge, or of a curdy discharge. Elimination of more than one significant factor further reduced the number of correct diagnoses, but elimination of more than one non-significant factor made no obvious difference. The most significant clinical feature was presence of inflammation; elimination of this feature had a substantial effect on the diagnosis of gardnerella, viral, gonorrhoea and foreign body. Elimination of two of the variables (bloodstaining and odour) which did not influence overall diagnostic efficiency nevertheless had a substantial effect on the diagnosis of neoplasms and foreign bodies. It is proposed that a simulation of this type is of potential practical value in determining a minimum subset of clinical features for diagnostic systems involving Bayes theorem. 相似文献
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This paper discusses the clinical applications of electron spin resonance (ESR) dosimetry focusing on the ESR/alanine system. A review of few past studies in this area is presented offering a critical overview of the challenges and opportunities for extending this system into clinical applications. Alanine/ESR dosimetry fulfills many of the required properties for several clinical applications such as water-equivalent composition, independence of the sensitivity for the energy range used in therapy and high precision. Improvements in sensitivity and the development of minidosimeters coupled with the use of a spectrometer of higher microwave frequency expanded the possibilities for clinical applications to the new modalities of radiotherapy (intensity-modulated radiation therapy and radiosurgery) and to the detection of low doses such as those present in some radiological image procedures. 相似文献
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Pei L Arvholm IL Lonnies L Flock JI 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2003,786(1-2):319-325
Staphylococcus epidermidis, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS), is one of the leading pathogens of nosocomial infections, particularly associated with foreign body infections. Adherence of S. epidermidis to fibrinogen deposited on the surfaces of implants is important for the development of foreign body infections. A gene (fbe) encoding a fibrinogen-binding protein from S. epidermidis (Fbe) was identified by shotgun phage display. A portion of fbe was cloned into a GST-fusion vector. Affinity to glutathione-Sepharose by the GST-tag and affinity to fibrinogen-Sepharose by the Fbe part were applied to purify the recombinant Fbe. The purity and efficacy of the methods used in protein purification was compared. Furthermore, the potential physiological role of Fbe was studied by the interaction between GST-Fbe and components extracted from explanted materials in vitro. 相似文献
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The relative transparency of biological materials to high-frequency electromagnetic waves has encouraged the development of new systems for imaging. This report describes experiments of microwave tomography conducted on a prototype. The object to be analyzed is submerged in water and is illuminated by a plane wave. The total electric field is analyzed by a microwave camera. The recorded data are then processed numerically in order to reconstruct the image that corresponds to the distribution of equivalent currents in a defined plane of a section. Experiments have been conducted on isolated kidneys with and without perfusion. The influence of the perfusing solution temperature has also been studied. These experiments show the potential of this system, especially through the correlation between microwave images and the biological structures. They also confirm previous results concerning spatial resolution and depth of exploration. Finally, the results demonstrate the influence of temperature and support the applicability of this imaging system in non-invasive thermometry, especially for clinical hyperthermia. 相似文献
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Fishelson Z 《Parasitology today (Personal ed.)》1989,5(1):19-25
The complement (C) system acts as a barrier to protect our bodies against invading pathogens. It may react to cytophilic antibodies or directly to foreign molecules presented by the intruder. As well as their cytotoxic activity, C components can attract and attach leucocytes to the surface of the foreign body, and activate them to kill it. Zvi Fishelson describes various strategies used by a parasitic trematode to escape immune damage in the face of potent immune surveillance by C and other effector mechanisms. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to develop a prototype system for noncontact, noninvasive and unconstrained vital sign monitoring using microwave radar and to use the system to measure the respiratory rate of a Japanese black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) during hibernation for ensuring the bear's safety. Ueno Zoological Gardens in Tokyo planned to help the Japanese black bear (female, approximately 2 years of age) going into hibernation. The prototype system has a microwave Doppler radar antenna (10-GHz frequency, approximately 7 mW output power) for measuring motion of the body surface caused by respiratory activity without making contact with the body. Monitoring using this system was conducted from December 2006 to April 2007. As a result, from December 18, 2006, to March 17, 2007, similar behaviors reported by earlier studies were observed, such as sleeping with curled up posture and not eating, urinating or defecating. During this hibernation period and also around the time of hibernation, the prototype system continuously measured cyclic oscillations. The presence of cyclic vibrations at 8-sec intervals (about 7 bpm) was confirmed by the system before she entered hibernation on December 3, 2006. The respiratory rate gradually decreased, and during the hibernation period the respiratory rate was extremely low at approximately 2 bpm with almost no change. The results show that motion on the body surface caused by respiratory activity can be measured without touching the animal's body. Thus, the microwave radar employed here can be utilized as an aid in observing vital signs of animals. Zoo Biol 28:259–270, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene threads for lip augmentation induce foreign body granulomatous reaction 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Especially in cases of facial aesthetic surgery, the demands of the patients are high. The formation of a visible and painful nodule will cause not only discomfort but also dissatisfaction. When alloplastic materials are used for facial and lip augmentation, the possibility of migration, allergic reaction, and formation of a foreign body granuloma is always present. Although e-PTFE is the most bioinert alloplastic material available, the authors could show the formation of a foreign body granuloma. When using e-PTFE threads for facial augmentation, the surgeon should keep in mind and inform the patients that the threads can induce a foreign body granulomatous reaction. 相似文献