A new type of tumour suppressor gene: a serine/threonine kinase joins the list

Peutz–Jeghers syndrome is caused by mutations in a novel serine threonine kinaseJenne, D.E. et al. (1998)Nat. Genet. 18, 38–43A serine/threonine kinase gene defective in Peutz–Jeghers syndromeHemminki, A. et al. (1998)Nature 391, 184–187     

Attraction and the single cell

Selective expression of the eotaxin receptor CCR3 by human T helper 2 cellsSallusto, F. et al. (1997)Science 277, 2005–2007Functional expression of the eotaxin receptor CCR3 in T lymphocytes co-localising with eosinophilsGerber, B.O. et al. (1997)Curr. Biol. 7, 836–843Differential expression of chemokine receptors and chemotactic responsiveness of type 1 T helper cells (Th1s) and Th2sBonecchi, R. et al. (1998)J. Exp. Med. 187, 129–134CCR5 is characteristic of Th1 lymphocytesLoetscher, M. et al. (1998)Nature 391, 344–345     

Stretching the boundaries of elastin function

Elastin is an essential determinant of arterial morphogenesisLi, D.Y. et al. (1998)Nature 393, 276–280An elastin gene mutation producing abnormal tropoelastin and abnormal elastic fibres in a patient with autosomal dominant cutis laxaTassabehji, M. et al. (1998)Hum. Mol. Genet. 7, 1021–1028     

Winning the war against antibiotic resistance

Antibiotic sensitization using biphenyl tetrazoles as potent inhibitors of Bacteroides fragilis metallo-β-lactamaseToney, J.H. et al. (1998)Chem. Biol. 5, 185–196Autoinducer of virulence as a target for vaccine and therapy against Staphylococcus aureusBalaban, N. et al. (1998)Science 280, 438–440     

Close encounters of the type III secretion kind

Protein translocation into host epithelial cells by infecting enteropathogenic Escherichia coliWolff, C. et al. (1998)Mol. Microbiol. 28, 143–155The complete sequence of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli E2348/69Elliott, S.J. et al. (1998)Mol. Microbiol. 28, 1–4     

Toxic triplets provide clues to neurodegeneration

Cleavage, aggregation and toxicity of the expanded androgen receptor in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophyMerry, D.E. et al. (1998)Hum. Mol. Genet. 7, 693–701Truncated N-terminal fragments of huntingtin with expanded glutamine repeats form nuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates in cell cultureCooper, J.K. et al. (1998)Hum. Mol. Genet. 7, 783–790Aggregation of N-terminal huntingtin is dependent on the length of its glutamine repeatsLi, S.H. and Li, X.J. (1998)Hum. Mol. Genet. 7, 777–782     

Mending mutations by in vivo site-directed mutagenesis

In vivo site-directed mutagenesis of the factor IX gene by chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotidesKren, B.T. et al. (1998)Nat. Med. 4, 285–290Targeted nucleotide exchange in the alkaline phosphatase gene of HuH-7 cells mediated by a chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotideKren, B.T. et al. (1997)Hepatology 25, 1462–1468     

A secretory clue to combined haemophilia

Mutations in the ER–Golgi intermediate compartment protein ERGIC-53 cause combined deficiency of coagulation factors V and VIIINichols, W.C. et al. (1998)Cell 93, 61–70     

Adenoviral gene transfer to committed hematopoietic progenitors

High-efficiency gene transfer into ex vivo expanded human hematopoietic progenitors and precursor cells by adenovirus vectorsFrey, B.M. et al. (1998)Blood 91, 2781–2792     

Three New Species of Predatory Nematodes (Dorylaimida: Actinolaimoidea) from Korea

Three new species of predatory nematodes belonging to family Actinolaimidae, superfamily Actinolaimoidea, order Dorylaimida are described and illustrated. Westindicus sanaensis sp. n. has a body 1.9–2.4mm long; b = 3.7–4.3; c = 8.1–8.5; odontostyle 26.5–28.0μm long; spicules 71–74μm long; ventromedian supplements 15 and comes close to Westindicus cheongsongensis Choi et al, 1998 and Westindicus keralaensis Khan et al., 1994. Egtitus koriensis sp. n. is 1.8–2.0 mm long; b = 3.4–4.1; c = 14–18; odontostyle 20–21 μm, and comes close to Egtitus elaboratus (Cobb, 1906) Thorne, 1967; Egtitus itanagrus Khan et al., 1994 and Egtitus adhricus Khan & Jairajpuri, 1994. Stopractinca glandulus sp. n. is 2.3–2.4 mm long; b = 4.0–4.1; c = 11–12; odontostyle 26–28μm and differs from other two known species viz., Stopractincta orientalis Khan et al., 1994 and Stopractincta malnadensis Dhanam et al., 1994 in having very thick body cuticle and longer cardia, and in the presence of a gland at the base of oesophagus.     

Vaccine evasion by pneumococci: as easy as changing a cassette

Recombinational exchanges at the capsular polysaccharide biosynthetic locus lead to frequent serotype changes among natural isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniaeCoffey, T.J. et al. (1998)Mol. Microbiol. 27, 73–83     

Therapy for CAG-repeat diseases?

Suppression of aggregate formation and apoptosis by transglutaminase inhibitors in cells expressing truncated DRPLA protein with an expanded polyglutamine stretchIgarashi, S. et al. (1998)Nat. Genet. 18, 111–117     

Distinguishing ulcerative colitis from autoimmunity

Lymphoid hyperplasia, autoimmunity, and compromised intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte development in colitis-free gnotobiotic IL-2-deficient miceContractor, N.V. et al. (1998)J. Immunol. 160, 385–394     

A candidate gene for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Isolation of a novel potassium channel gene hSKCa3 containing a polymorphic CAG repeat: a candidate for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder?Chandy, K.G. et al. (1998)Mol. Psychiatr. 3, 32–37     

Making an impression on X-linked mental retardation

Oligophrenin-1 encodes a rhoGAP protein involved in X-linked mental retardationBilluart, P. (1998)Nature 392, 923–926PAK3 mutation in nonsyndromic X-linked mental retardationAllen, K.M. et al. (1998)Nat. Genet. 20, 25–30Mutations in GDI1 are responsible for X-linked non-specific mental retardationD'Adamo, P. et al. (1998)Nat. Genet. 19, 134–139Non-specific X-linked semidominant mental retardation by mutations in a Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitorBienvenu, T. et al. (1998)Hum. Mol. Genet. 7, 1311–1315     

Non-viral gene transfer: liposomes and nanospheres promise to deliver the goods

Effective treatment of early endobronchial cancer with regional administration of liposome–p53 complexesZou, Y. et al. (1998)J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 90, 1130–1137Controlled gene delivery by DNA–gelatin nanospheresTruong-Le, V.L. et al. (1998)Hum. Gene Ther. 9, 1709–1717     

Crosstalk among cancer signalling pathways

Identification of c-MYC as a target of the APC pathwayHe, T-C. et al. (1998)Science 281, 1509–1512Smad3 mutant mice develop metastatic colorectal cancerZhu, Y. et al. (1998)Cell 94, 703–714     

Orientisargidae fam. n., a new Jurassic family of Archisargoidea (Diptera,Brachycera), with review?of?Archisargidae from China

A pair of fly impressions is described as a new species of a new genus, Orientisargus illecebrosus gen. et sp. n., referred to a new family Orientisargidae fam. n. within Archisargoidea of Brachycera, Diptera. The systematic position of Orientisargidae is discussed. Daohugosargus gen. n. is proposed for Sharasargus eximius KY Zhang et al., 2008. Uranorhagionidae is a junior synonym for Archisargidae. Meanwhile, Mostovskisarginae is a junior synonym for Uranorhagionidae. Mostovskisargus JF Zhang, 2010 and Strenorhagio KY Zhang et al., 2010 are synonymized with Uranorhagio KY Zhang et al., 2010. Uranorhagio includes three species: Uranorhagio asymmetricus (KY Zhang et al., 2010), comb. n., Uranorhagio daohugouensis KY Zhang et al., 2010 and Uranorhagio deviatus (KY Zhang et al., 2010), comb. n. Strenorhagio grimaldi KY Zhang et al., 2010 is synonymous with Uranorhagio deviatus. Mostovskisargus portentosus JF Zhang, 2010, Mostovskisargus signatus JF Zhang, 2010 and Strenorhagio conjugovenius KY Zhang et al., 2010 are synonymous with Uranorhagio asymmetricus. Brevisolva KY Zhang et al., 2010 is a junior synonym for Mesosolva Hong, 1983. A new specific name, Mesosolva zhangae nom. n., is proposed for Brevisolva daohugouensis KY Zhang et al., 2010. Mesosolva jurassica KY Zhang et al., 2010 should be synonymized under Mostovskisargus sinensis KY Zhang et al., 2010. Sinallomyia nom. n. is proposed for Allomyia Ren, 1998. The systematic positions for Helempis eucalla Ren, 1998, Helempis yixianensis Ren, 1998, Pauromyia oresbia Ren, 1998 and Sinallomyia ruderalis (Ren, 1998) are reassessed. These taxa belong to Archisargidae rather than to Tabanidae, Rhagionidae and Protempididae, respectively.     

Giving it all away: altruism and answers to the Wason selection task

The Wason selection task, a standard test of conditional reasoning, has featured prominently in experimental studies of cognitive adaptations for cooperation. The most prominent of these is Cosmides' investigations of cheater detection on social contract versions of the Wason selection task [Cognition 31 (1989) 187–276]. Subsequent to Cosmides' initial investigations, several researchers [Evol Hum Behav 21 (200) 25–37; Manage Decis Econ 19 (1998) 467–480; J Genet Psychol 163 (2002) 425–444; Evol Hum Behav 27 (2006) 366–380] have argued that people also are competent at detecting altruism on the Wason selection task, suggesting that there is nothing privileged about the detection of cheaters. However, an analysis of the selection tasks on which these claims are based suggests that participants may have solved these altruism-detection tasks correctly because the scenarios explicitly or implicitly provide the answer to the task in the scenario [Evol Hum Behav 21 (200) 25–37; Manage Decis Econ 19 (1998) 467–480; J Genet Psychol 163 (2002) 425–444], or due to confounds in the cheater-detection tasks leading to the (misleading) appearance of enhanced altruist-detection performance [Evol Hum Behav 27 (2006) 366–380]. We tested our conjecture by giving participants selection tasks with and without the answer embedded in the scenario. Performance dropped significantly on the altruism-detection tasks when the embedded answers were removed, whereas performance on cheater-detection versions was unaffected by the manipulation. A reanalysis of the findings of Oda et al. suggested that participants performed significantly worse on their altruism-detection problems than their cheater-detection problems — a finding that we replicate after removing confounds from the cheater-detection tasks of Oda et al. The results reaffirm the specificity of cheater-detection.