杜虹花叶挥发油化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

采用气相色谱一质谱联用(GC-MS)对杜虹花(Callic arpa formosana Rolfe)叶挥发油的化学成分进行分析,并用DPPH法测定其抗氧化活性.结果表明,从杜虹花叶挥发油中鉴定出48种成分,占总挥发油的90.14%.其中(-)-斯巴醇(20.23%)、β-石竹烯(17.22%)、大根香叶烯(8.06%)和β-桉叶烯(5.52%)为其主要成分.此外,τ-榄香烯(4.18%)、马兜铃烯(3.78%)、异香橙烯氧化物(2.71%)及4-松油醇(2.50%)的含量也较高.抗氧化实验中,3种不同浓度的挥发油均对DPPH自由基有一定的清除能力,且有明显的量-效相关性.     

下田菊挥发油化学成分的研究

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法、两相溶剂萃取法提取下田菊(Adenostemma lavenia(L.)O.Ktze.)地上部分的挥发油,提取10h的挥发油得率为0.990%。采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术结合计算机检索对该挥发油的化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,采用色谱峰面积归一化法计算了各成分的相对含量。从挥发油中共分离出36个峰,鉴定了其中的35种成分,占总量的99.56%,其中α-荜澄茄油烯(32.62%)、石竹烯(24.97%)和γ-榄香烯(5.53%)为主要成分,此外α-石竹烯(3.97%)、α-恰米烯(3.57%)、双环[4,3,0]-7-亚甲基-2,4,4-三甲基-2-乙烯基-壬烷(3.41%)、γ-萜品烯(3.07%)、d-柠檬烯(2.57%)、α-蒎烯(2.49%)及2-蒈烯(2.28%)的含量也较高。     

利用GC-MS技术分析油橄榄叶挥发油化学成分

本文采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取油橄榄叶挥发油化学成分,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用方法分析并用峰面积归一化法得出各化学成分在挥发油中的百分含量。结果从油橄榄叶挥发油中分离出62各色谱峰,鉴定出56个化合物,占挥发性组分总量的95.6%。其中主要成分为α-芹子烯(13.13%)、β-芹子烯(10.15%)、β-石竹烯(14.29%)、橙花叔醇(6.72%)、α-石竹烯(6.60%)、3-己烯-1-醇(5.03%)、苯乙醛(5.61%)等。     

小叶臭黄皮叶挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取小叶臭黄皮叶挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对挥发油成分进行了分析,共分离出84个峰,鉴定了其中的66种成分,所鉴定成分占挥发油总量的94.52%.其主要化学成分为α-芹子烯(15.76%)、石竹烯(15.05%)、β-芹子烯(9.54%)、α-蒎烯(6.43%)和α-石竹烯(5.39%)等.     

HS-SPME-GC-MS用于苍术中挥发性成分的分析

本文通过优化顶空固相微萃取萃取条件,采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对苍术中挥发性成分进行了分析.鉴定出桉叶油醇(β-Eudesmol),苍术酮(atractylone),γ-榄香烯(γ-Elemene),4(14),11-桉叶二烯(Eudesma-4(14),11-diene),α-蒎烯(α-Pinene),水芹烯(α-Phellandrene),倍半水芹烯(β-SesquipheIlandrene),绿叶烯(Patchouhne)等56种组分,占出峰总面积的90.38%,并与传统水蒸汽蒸馏法(SD)提取的挥发油成分进行了对比.结果表明,两种方法提取的苍术中挥发性成分基本相同,HS-SPME-GC-MS方法作为一种简单快速便利的手段非常适应于苍术中挥发性物质的提取和分析.     

龙眼果实挥发性成分比较分析

本文采用固相微萃取法(solid phase microextraction,SPME)和气质联用(GC-MS)技术对龙眼正常果实与裂开果实的挥发性物质进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,裂果中检出52种化学成分,正常果中检出49种化学成分,其中烯类最多,分别为29种和20种。裂果中的罗勒烯、别罗勒烯、α-蒎烯、石竹烯、香叶烯、γ-榄香烯、β-月桂烯、1,3,8-对三烯在裂果中的含量高于正常果;而α-桉叶烯、α-石竹烯在正常果中没有检测到。这些物质可能是龙眼裂果吸引桔小实蝇的活性物质。     

假烟叶树叶挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法、两相溶剂萃取法提取,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对茄科植物假烟叶树(Solanum verbascifoliumL.)叶挥发油的化学成分进行分析和鉴定。其新鲜叶片提取10 h的挥发油得率为0.0611%。经毛细管色谱分离出18个峰,共鉴定出17种化合物,占挥发油总量的99.73%;用气相色谱面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量,其主要化学成分为:大牻牛儿烯D(37.07%),咕巴烯(26.29%),1β-(1-甲基乙基)-4,7-二甲基-1α,2,4a()β,5,8,8a()α-六氢萘(13.63%),石竹烯(8.03%),1-β乙烯基-1-α甲基-2,β4-β双(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己烷(5.81%),-γ榄香烯(2.16%),α-筚澄茄油烯(2.06%),异喇叭烯(0.98%)。以上8种化合物占总挥发油含量的90.22%。     

假鹰爪鲜花挥发油成分研究

分别利用顶空固相微萃取法(Head Space-Solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)和水蒸汽蒸馏法提取了黄色假鹰爪鲜花的挥发油成分,用气-质联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油成分进行了分析,对比了两种提取方法得到的黄色假鹰爪鲜花挥发油成分的异同.顶空固相微萃取法得到的黄色假鹰爪鲜花挥发油成分中芳樟醇(46.19%),香茅醇(3.97%),反-香叶醇(4.21%),香叶酸甲酯(26.64%),(2Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯酸乙酯(3.40%)五种物质的含量较高,其中三种醇类物质占总挥发油的54.37%;两种酯类物质占总挥发油的30.04%.水蒸汽蒸馏法得到的黄色假鹰爪鲜花挥发油成分中β-石竹烯(31.76%),α-石竹烯(8.63%),大根香叶烯D(4.65%),匙叶桉油烯醇(4.44%),α-石竹烯氧化物(12.98%)五种物质的含量较高.另外,通过对比发现不同生长期假鹰爪鲜花虽然香味差别较大,但是由水蒸汽蒸馏油得到的挥发油成分的种类及含量基本相同.     

栉叶蒿挥发油的GC-MS分析

目的:分析栉叶蒿挥发油化学成分.方法:用GC-MS结合Kovats保留指数(KI)对比法对其化学成分进行鉴定,并用气相色谱面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量.结果:共鉴定了38个成分,占挥发油总含量的62.22%.结论:通过对栉叶蒿挥发油的分析,其主要成分为大香叶烯D(7.34%),α-桉叶醇(5.65%),丁香烯环氧物(5.12%)等,为充分开发利用这一植物资源提供依据.     

台琼海桐蒴果皮油及籽油的主要挥发性化学成分

采用GC-MS技术,对台琼海桐蒴果皮的水蒸气蒸馏油样,以及蒴果籽的索氏提取油样的甲酯化样品进行分析。样品中各化学成分的相对含量用面积归一化法确定。在实验条件下,果皮油样共分离出24个峰,鉴定了17个,占总峰面积的94.70%。其主要成分为柠檬烯(24.27%)、γ-榄香烯(8.30%)、β-榄香烯(17.13%)、α-榄香烯(16.02%)、长叶龙脑(15.52%)和α-松油醇(2.17%),α-石竹烯(1.88%)。果籽油的甲酯化样品共分离出16个峰,鉴定了12个,占总峰面积的96.69%,其主要成分为棕榈油酸(34.83%)、反油酸(26.63%)、14-甲基-十五烷酸(17.08%),十八烷酸(1.88%),十四烷酸(1.61%)。分析结果说明台琼海桐蒴果皮富含挥发性芳香油,而蒴果籽油含有多种脂肪酸。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Scales of spatial patterns of distribution of intertidal invertebrates

Few comparative studies of spatial patterns at different scales have examined several species in the same habitat or the same species over a range of habitats. Therefore, variability in patterns among species or among habitats has seldom been documented. This study quantifies spatial patterns of a suite of intertidal snails and a species of barnacle using a range of statistical techniques. Variability in densities was quantified from the scale of adjacent quadrats (over a distance of centimeters) to tens of kilometers. Significant differences in abundances occurred primarily at two spatial scales. Small-scale differences were found at the scales of centimeters or 1–2 m and, for many species on many shores, these accounted for most of the variability in abundances from place to place. These are likely to be determined by behavioural responses to small-scale patches of microhabitat. Large-scale differences in abundance were also found in most species at the scale of hundreds of meters alongshore. These are likely to be due to variation in recruitment (and/or mortality) because of limited dispersal by adults of these species. There was little or no additional variation among shores, separated by tens of kilometers, than was shown among patches of shore separated by hundreds of meters. Identification of the scale(s) at which significant differences in abundance are found focus attention on the processes (and the scales at which these processes operate) that influence patterns of distribution and abundance. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of various procedures are discussed.