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泽兰实蝇内生殖器官的结构及其发育状况 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【背景】泽兰实蝇属双翅目实蝇科,是杂草紫茎泽兰的重要专性天敌。该蝇幼虫可蛀入紫茎泽兰内部形成虫瘿,有效控制紫茎泽兰的扩散,许多国家都利用泽兰实蝇控制紫茎泽兰的危害。【方法】通过光学显微法观察了泽兰实蝇成虫内生殖器官的结构及其发育动态。【结果】雌性泽兰实蝇的内生殖系统主要由卵巢、输卵管、受精囊、雌性附腺等器官组成,雄性生殖系统由精巢、输精管、雄性附腺、射精管组成。在成虫发育过程中,雌虫卵巢的长度在第4日龄时达最大值,宽度在1日龄时达最大值,与其他日龄相比有显著差异,雌性附腺及受精囊的大小在各日龄间无显著差异;雄虫精巢长度在4日龄时达到最大,宽度在2日龄时达最大,且不同日龄间也有显著差异,而雄性附腺的大小在不同龄期间无显著差异。【结论与意义】本文阐明了泽兰实蝇的内生殖系统结构与发育状况,这有助于为提高泽兰实蝇人工繁殖效率及生物防治效果奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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九龙江口红树林鹧鸪菜藻体自生固氮细菌 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
初步研究了福建九龙江口秋茄(Kandelia candel)红树林红藻鹧鸪菜(Caloglossa leprieurii)藻体异养自生固氮菌数量的季节变化和微生物区系。结果表明:鹧鸪菜上异养自生固氮细菌数量以春季最多(1.033×104cfu.g-1),冬季最少(0.567×104cfu.g-1),固氮菌的季节变化模式表现为春季>秋季>夏季>冬季;鹧鸪菜藻体氮含量也以春季最高(22.08g.kg-1),冬季最低(16.63g.kg-1),二者差异显著(P<0.05),且藻体含氮量的季节变化模式与固氮细菌数量一致;这与鹧鸪菜的生长和物质积累密切相关,鹧鸪菜与其藻体上的自生固氮菌可能存在着互惠互利的关系,这种关系同时也受到环境温度和水分等因子的综合影响;对9株固氮菌的初步鉴定结果显示,它们分属于固氮菌属(Azotobacter)与拜叶林克氏菌属(Beijerinckia)。 相似文献
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被子植物生殖器官中的传递细胞 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
传递细胞(transfercell)是一类特殊的薄壁细胞,其特征是细胞壁向内突起生长,形成壁内突的结构,质膜紧贴细胞壁生长,从而使质膜的表面积大大增加,扩大了原生质体表面积与体积之比,有利于细胞吸收和分泌某些物质,在细胞物质的短途运输中起重要作用。超微结构研究表明,传递细胞的细胞核较大,细胞质浓,并富含线粒体、高尔基体等细胞器。传递细胞在被子植物生殖器官中普遍存在,对于这些器官完成其功能起到重要作用。下面简单介绍生殖器官各结构中存在的传递细胞及其功能。1 花柱的通道细胞开放型花柱具有花柱道,花柱… 相似文献
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为探讨潮间带红藻鹧鸪菜[Caloglossa leprieurii(Montagne)J.Agardh]在温度和光照胁迫下的繁殖策略,在实验室不同温度和光照下培养鹧鸪菜,对其四分孢子和果孢子的发生、放散及萌发进行研究。结果表明,高温和低光照有利于四分孢子的产生、放散和萌发,低温和强光不利于四分孢子的产生、放散和萌发;20℃和25℃时产生的四分孢子囊最多,15℃次之,而10℃则不产生。在36μmol m–2s–1光照下四分孢子的放散数量最多。温度对于果孢子的放散和萌发没有明显的影响,而低光照有利于果孢子的放散和萌发。高温及强光对鹧鸪菜幼苗的生长发育有明显的抑制作用,且已经萌发的幼苗存活时间较短。因此,鹧鸪菜为应对高温和强光胁迫,通过产生大量的四分孢子和果孢子以选择适宜的生长发育时机。 相似文献
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耳河螺生殖器官和精子的形态学研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
耳河螺「Rivularia auriculata (Martens)」为雌雄异体。雄性生殖器官由精巢,输精小管,贮精囊,输精管,前列腺和阴茎组成。精巢内有精子,精子有典型精子和非典型精子两种。扫描电镜下,典型精子头部呈螺旋状,尾端只有一根较粗壮;非典型精子头部和中部为棒状,尾部呈扫帚状,由8-15根鞭毛组成。 相似文献
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The cell of Caloglossa leprieurli is a polycaryon. The sexual thalli are usually dioecious. Its life cycle involves the alternation of three generations. In the reproductive season, the appearance of tetrasporophyte and female and male gametophyte shows evident difference. The tetrasporophyte is big and flat. The branches are sparse. Many small red spots, i.e. tetrasporogial groups, can be seen with the naked eyes in the upper part of the branch. The terminal part of the female gametophyte is a little twisted with thick branches. The cystocarps are spherical and most of them are located in ventral side of the upper branch points. The male gametophyte is smaller with less branches. Its terminal part is a little twisted with pale colour. The pit connections of the vegetative cells of every thallus are all well developed. The carpogonial branch consists of four cells. Generally, it is formed by the division of the pericentral cell. After fertilization of the carpogonium, an auxiliary cell is formed by the division of supporting cell. Usually five to seven, even more than ten young procarps can be formed at the apical part of the reproductive branch. The procarps often occur on consecutive segments of pericentral ceils. But among most of them only a carpogonium is fertilized and developes into cystocarp. When a carpogonium is fertilized, the other one on this branch usually cease further development. The spermatangia are formed on the lateral wing cells of both sides of the upper part midrib of a reproductive branch and distributed on both dorsal and ventral surfaces. A vegetative cell is divided into three cells in parallel to the surface of the thallus. The cortical cells under the two outer surfaces forms three to four permatangial mother cells. Each spermatangial mother cell divides into two to four spermatangia. After the sperm dispersal of the mature spermatangia, the spermatangial mother cells are still retained on both sides of the middle discoid cells. 相似文献
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Thorsten D. Mosisch 《Journal of phycology》1993,29(2):147-153
The role of salinity as a factor determining the distribution of two red algal taxa, Caloglossa leprieurii (Mont.) J. Ag. var. leprieurii and Caloglossa leprieurii var. angusta Jao, along the course of the Brisbane River, Queensland, Australia, was investigated. In the field, C. leprieurii var. angusta tolerated a narrower salinity range (mean salinity = 0.0–18.9) than C. leprieurii var. leprieurii (mean salinity = 2.0–33.8) and occupied areas of lower salinity (salinity expressed according to the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978). Both taxa coexisted for a distance of 23 km along the middle reaches of the river. Cell measurements of specimens of both taxa collected along the river showed an increase in cell sizes upstream from the mouth. Results of a reciprocal transplant experiment and growth responses in a series of laboratory culture studies of the two taxa in a range of salinities are presented. These could be correlated with the field distribution of the algae, demonstrating their euryhalinity and the presence of distinct salinity ecotypes. 相似文献
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Mitsunobu Kamiya John A. West Robert J. King Giuseppe C. Zuccarello Jiro Tanaka Yoshiaki Hara 《Journal of phycology》1998,34(2):361-370
Morphological comparisons, hybridization experiments, and molecular phylogenetic analyses using the RUBISCO spacer region were undertaken on 12 populations of Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) J. Agardh in order to clarify their relationships. In addition, data from one population of the morphologically similar but asexual species, C. apomeiotica (West et Zuccarello), were included in the assessment. Three morphological types were recognized on the basis of the number of cell rows at nodes of the main axis opposite to the lateral branch and blade width: single/ broad (with three mating groups), multiple/broad (three mating groups) and multiple/slender (one mating group). In the molecular analyses, C. leprieurii was resolved as two clusters that correspond phenetically to the single and multiple cell row types. Both the morphological and molecular data indicate that the asexual species was derived from sexual plants of the multiple cell row type. The reproductive compatibility correlates with genetic distance rather than geographical distance. Sympatric mating groups are completely incompatible and have 10–21 nucleotide changes in the examined region, whereas mating groups that produce abnormal progeny or pseudocystocarps are allopatrically distributed with 5–7 nucleotide changes. The present data suggest that the two populations, one with single and the other with multiple cell rows, which are sympatrically distributed in southeastern Japan, have probably evolved by allopatric speciation. The single/broad type that is restricted to the western Pacific, may have diverged genetically between eastern and western Australia, with subsequent dispersal from the western population as far as Japan. 相似文献
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屎克螂适宜的繁殖条件初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1991—1994年对屎克螂适宜的繁殖条件研究结果:1.土层40cm和60cm的平均温度分别为15.92±6.34℃和15.89±6.08℃;平均土壤含水量分别为26.70±3.74%和23.72±1.88%,使各虫态处于一个几乎恒温恒湿的条件,有利于生长发育与越冬,2.土壤含水量17%、20%、22%、26%和29%,其产卵最多的深度分别在65─70cm,75─80cm,65─80cm,65—80cm和35—50cm,分别占产卵总数的34.16%、42.42%、68.42%、55.40%和90.56%。3.不同土壤的产卵深度,沙壤土以土下45—50cm处最多,占产卵总数的34.78%;沙土以65—85cm最多,占产卵总数的86.67%;粘土以45—60cm最多,占产卵总数的51.11%。 相似文献
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1.油菜、大白菜,塌棵菜都在低温下能较快地通过它们的春化阶段,但塌棵菜的冬种性较强。2.1—5℃是油菜通过春化阶段的适宜温度;10℃以上的春化条件,大大地延迟了油菜春化阶段的进行;未经低温人工春化的油菜,在20℃以上温度的温室条件下栽培,播种后122天也可以开花、说明了油菜在高温的条件下,也能逐渐缓慢地渡过春化阶段。3.1—2℃下,经过18—20天,是油菜通过春化阶段的适宜条件,春化时间缩短到16天以下,则春化阶段的通过很缓慢。这种温度下,春化处理的时间从20天延长到70天,从移栽后到现蕾开花的天数来看,能随着春化处理时间的加长而提早现蕾开花,超过70天的处理,则不再提早现蕾开花;但从处理后到现蕾开花的天数来看,则春化时间超过20天後处理的时间愈长,现蕾开花所须总日数也愈长。4.油菜在1—2℃下20天完成春化阶段以后,继续放在低温之下,对于有机体本身,仍起着一定的作用,对于第二阶段的通过,也起着一定的作用。5.每天14小时的光照,已能满足油菜的光照阶段要求。每天12小时的光照,油菜就不能很好地开花。把每天的光照时间延长到14小时以上,则更能提早现蕾开花。但在20小时以上的光照条件下,不再提早现蕾开花。6.光照... 相似文献
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DAPI(4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)是一种DNA特异结合的荧光染料,可以用于在荧光显微镜下观察和检测各种DNA,尤其是细胞内含量甚微的DNA,包括质体DNA和线粒体DNA,其灵敏性和可靠性是被公认的,并得到了越来越多的Southern杂交实验的证明,而且实验操作简便易行。近几年,DAPI荧光技术已在细胞质遗传的研究领域获得了成功的应用。 相似文献