关于生态学本科毕业设计(论文)教学的思考

本科毕业设计(论文)是本科实践教学的重要环节,对于提高本科教育质量和学生综合素质具有至关重要的作用。针对本科毕业设计(论文)方面存在选题盲目、时间安排不合理、写作不规范、缺乏创新等问题,利用新办专业在管理与课程设置方面处于调整阶段的优势,从课程培育、毕业论文时间延长、与在研课题相结合和全过程管理等方面,对如何提高本科毕业设计(论文)质量的方式、方法进行了深入的探讨。     

Graduate students in conservation biology: Bridging the research–implementation gap

There is a growing consensus that a gap exists between research conducted at academic institutions and information available to practitioners that implement research into conservation policy and practice. Here, I review common recommendations for bridging the Research–Implementation Gap in conservation biology, highlight the unique abilities of graduate students to contribute solutions to this problem, and propose ways research institutions and professionals can encourage graduate students to participate in this process. While some appropriately point out that the main purpose of graduate school is to focus on research, I argue that being exposed early to the broader issues of research and implementation enhances the graduate research experience, helps train students to become leaders in conservation science, and contributes both immediate and long-term solutions to the research–implementation problem.     

How should we be selecting our graduate students?

We use many quantitative undergraduate metrics to help select our graduate students, but which of these usefully discriminate successful from underperforming students and which should be ignored? Almost everyone has his or her own pet theory of the most predictive criteria, but I hoped to address this question in a more unbiased manner. I conducted a retrospective analysis of the highest- and lowest-ranked graduate students over the past 20 years in the Tetrad program at the University of California at San Francisco to identify undergraduate metrics that significantly differed between these groups. Only the number of years of research experience and subject graduate record exams (GREs) were strong discriminators between the highest- and lowest-ranked students, whereas many other commonly used admissions metrics (analytical, verbal, and quantitative GREs, grade point average, and ranking of undergraduate institution) showed no correlation with graduate performance. These are not necessarily the same criteria that matter at other graduate programs, but I would urge faculty elsewhere to conduct similar analyses to improve the admissions process and to minimize the use of useless metrics in selecting our students.     

PBL（Problem-based Learning）法在遗传学研究生专业课教学中的应用与探索

研究生教育的宗旨是培养具有创新能力的专业人才。为了突破传统教学模式的局限性,提高研究生教学质量,在遗传学研究生课程＂现代遗传学研究进展＂的教学中进行了PBL（Problem-based Learning）教学法的尝试与探索,采用学生自主学习和小组讨论为主,教师积极引导的方法。从根本上改变了传统的以教师为主的灌输式教学模式,极大地提高了学生的自主创新学习能力及学习的积极性,取得了良好的教学效果。     

The pedagogical genealogy of Terrance J. Beveridge--a legacy of bonds

Terrance J. Beveridge (TJB) was a professor at the University of Guelph for nearly three decades. He died on September 10, 2007. TJB was a pioneer who pushed the frontier of microbiology and bacteriology. His legacy includes 22 postdoctoral scholars and 24 graduate students. His two dozen graduate student progeny have, in turn, mentored at least 52 additional graduate students. This paper presents TJB's pedagogical tree and touches on many of the topics that he studied during his life including: bacteria cell surfaces, biomineralization, biofilms, and geomicrobiology.     

Investing in graduate education

In the United States, enrolment in graduate degree programmes in the biological sciences has risen sharply during the global economic downturn, but new graduates face an uncertain job market. What can prospective and current students do to ensure that a graduate degree remains a sound investment?     

应用心理学专业研究生实践能力培养策略研究

实践能力是应用心理学专业研究生重要的素质,培养应用心理学研究生实践能力需要构建有利于实践能力培养的专业课程体系;优化应用心理学专业课程的教学方法;转变应用心理学研究生教育管理观念;发挥导师在应用心理学研究生实践能力培养上的影响;研究生自身加强实践能力的培养。     

对医学研究生教育的实践与思考

医学研究生教育作为我国高等教育的重要组成部分,为国家培养了大批高素质医学人才。本文就我们医学研究生教育的实践,探讨医学研究生教育存在的问题。医学研究生教育应首先应加强医学专业知识的全面学习,做到博学而精深。同时,应注重科研素质和人文素质的培养。最后,医学研究生的教育国际化也是非常重要的一个问题。总之,医学院校研究生教育应更加注重创新性、科研素质、人文素质和国际视野的培养,培养具有国际竞争力的高素质专业医学人才。     

Weight bias in graduate school admissions

Objective:

Whether weight bias occurs in the graduate school admissions process is explored here. Specifically, we examined whether body mass index (BMI) was related to letter of recommendation quality and the number of admissions offers applicants received after attending in‐person interviews.

Design and Methods:

Participants were 97 applicants to a psychology graduate program at a large university in the United States. They reported height, weight, and information about their applications to psychology graduate programs. Participants' letters of recommendation were coded for positive and negative statements as well as overall quality.

Results:

Higher BMI significantly predicted fewer post‐interview offers of admission into psychology graduate programs. Results also suggest this relationship is stronger for female applicants. BMI was not related to overall quality or the number of stereotypically weight‐related adjectives in letters of recommendation. Surprisingly, higher BMI was related to more positive adjectives in letters.

Conclusions:

The first evidence that individuals interviewing applicants to graduate programs may systematically favor thinner applicants is provided here. A conscious or unconscious bias against applicants with extra body weight is a plausible explanation. Stereotype threat and social identity threat are also discussed as explanations for the relationship between BMI and interview success.     

Integration of post-graduate studies with corporately funded biotechnology programs

Post graduate research students need to undertake programs that will develop their potential as a scientist. They need to acquire skills to develop scientific argument, design an experimental approach to test a hypothesis, obtain and analyse data, and effectively communicate their ideas and findings to the scientific community. Many biotechnology-based programs are now funded by industry partnerships and integrating post graduate students into these programs require special considerations.     

基于“平台”理念，打造实用型课程——谈研究生“细胞生物学大实验”课程建设

实验课课程建设是研究生培养的重要组成部分,为适应当前研究生教学环境的变化和研究生人才培养的需要,学校开设了名为“细胞生物学大实验”的综合性实验课程。该文介绍了该课程设立的背景、课程的教学目标、教学内容、实施过程和考核方式以及教学效果。     

开展综合性基础医学实验课程,提高医学研究生科研技能

随着高校研究生招生规模的不断扩大,研究生教育的质量问题日益引起社会广泛关注。本文分析了研究生科研实验中存在的主要问题及现行实验课程中的不足,并对实验课程如何适应科研的需要进行了阐述。强调研究生实验课程应注重突出学科交叉性、先进性、实用性和研究性,并形成集生物化学、分子生物学、病理学、遗传学、细胞生物学和免疫学等多学科相互渗透、相互交叉、相互补充的系列性、综合性、研究性的基础医学实验教学课程,旨在使学生更系统、更全面地掌握医学实验技术和技能,为后续的研究性实验工作和科研水平的提高打好一个坚实的基础。     

Statistical Confusion Among Graduate Students: Sickness or Symptom?

Abstract: Statistics is one of the most important yet difficult subjects for many ecology and wildlife graduate students to learn. Insufficient knowledge about how to conduct quality science and the ongoing debate about the relative value of competing statistical ideologies contribute to uncertainties among graduate students regarding which statistical tests are most appropriate. Herein, we argue that increased education of the available statistical tests alone is unlikely to ameliorate the problem. Instead, we suggest that statistical uncertainties among graduate students are a secondary symptom of a larger problem. We believe the root cause lies in the lack of education on how to conduct science as an integrated process from hypothesis creation through statistical analysis. We argue that if students are taught to think about how each step of the process will affect all other steps, many statistical uncertainties will be avoided.     

Biofeedback training: offerings, plans, and some attitudes in graduate schools and internships

Graduate schools and APA-approved internships in North America were surveyed to determine the type and extent of biofeedback training, additional biofeedback training planned, requirements considered to be a minimum necessary before beginning clinical practice of biofeedback, when biofeedback is considered an appropriate application, and whether biofeedback is considered a "passing fad" in clinical practice. Questionnaires were returned by 56% of the graduate schools and 54% of the internships, and revealed training in 58% and 67% respectively. Training in biofeedback procedures appears to be growing, and most graduate schools and internships think that biofeedback is not a passing fad in clinical practice. Training emphases vary considerably across graduate schools and internships, with some schools and internships excluding theory and/or practice and/or research from their instruction. The results are discussed in relation to the question of determining which procedures to include in future instruction.     

研究生高级微生物学课程教学改革与实践初探?

从研究生"高级微生物学"课程的定位、研究生学习该课程的目的、知识背景差异及教学过程中的问题等方面分析了目前研究生"高级微生物学"教学中存在的问题。通过教学内容的优化、教材建设、教学方法改革、师资队伍建设以及建立师生交流平台等方面进行教学改革实践,取得了较好的教学效果。     

Graduate medical education as a policy instrument: promise and problems.

Increasingly, graduate medical education (residency training) is being proposed as a policy instrument to reform the traditional manpower problems of distribution of physicians. This article suggests why graduate medical education has become the latest policy device in the decades-old effort to rectify physician imbalances, and it discusses the potential for reform contained in this approach. It then presents a number of problems that will probably hinder the effective implementation of such policy and concludes that future federal policy directives are uncertain.     

Graduate education and the role of the physical anthropologist in biomedical teaching and research

There is a place for the physical anthropologist in biomedical teaching and research because of the special and unique skills possessed by this individual. However, eventual success in the health sciences environment requires the student to obtain the knowledge and background for functionally oriented teaching and research. Students interested in a biomedical teaching and research career must prepare themselves methodologically and theoretically. This requires: (1) teaching qualifications, (2) an increased emphasis on methodology and technology, (3) an increased emphasis on research and experimental design, (4) appropriate interdisciplinary courses which provide the background for both teaching and research, (5) increased interaction with graduate faculty active in research, and (6) the latitude to adapt the graduate program to meet these specific needs. Students who finish their graduate training with a marketable skill, and who can apply their unique talents to a specialized area, will have broad appeal in the job market and will considerably strengthen their career opportunities.     

高校蛋白质组学课程教学初探

蛋白质组学是后基因组时代生命科学研究领域的研究热点。在高校研究生课程教学过程中,开展蛋白质组学选修课程对于研究生的科研选题和学科前沿动态的掌握都有着重要的意义。但该课程的内容新,抽象性强,学习起来难度较大。针对高校研究生开展蛋白质组学课程学习和开展研究与功能基因组学的关系比较等方法,就蛋白质组学教和学进行探讨。     

Donald Richard Nelson: The Most Unforgettable Character I Ever Met

This volume is dedicated to the work, life and memory of Donald Richard Nelson. The present article is based primarily on the author's 38-year friendship and personal experience with the man. The text chronicles his life and times from budding naturalist to champion spearfisher through graduate school and on to becoming scientist, teacher and mentor to dozens of graduate students. The author perceives Nelson as a unique character, creative, introspective, kind, wise and gentle. His influence in the field of contemporary elasmobranch biology, especially ethology and sensory physiology was enormous.