油蒿挥发油的化感作用研究

对毛乌素沙地油蒿挥发油的化感作用（Ａｌｅｌｏｐａｔｈｙ）及其化学成分进行了研究。结果表明：油蒿挥发油对苋、诸葛菜、萝卜种子萌发和幼苗生长具有不同程度的抑制作用;对小麦种子萌发几乎无影响,但对其幼芽和幼根的生长具一定影响。抑制作用最强的是对苋种子,挥发油组最终萌发率１８％,比对照组减少７１％,对其幼芽和幼根的生长影响也很明显。用ＧＣ、ＧＣ－ＭＳ－ＤＳ联用方法,共鉴定４３个化合物,其中相对百分含量在１．５％以上的化合物有如下１４种：１）α－蒎烯（α－ｐｉｎｅｎｅ）,２）桧烯（Ｓａｂｉｎｅｎｅ）,３）β－蒎烯（β－ｐｉｎｅｎｅ）,４）月桂烯（Ｍｙｒｃｅｎｅ）,５）对伞花烃（ρ－ｃｙｍｅｎｅ）,６）柠檬烯（Ｌｉｍｏｎｅｎｅ）,７）β－水芹烯（β－ｐｈｅｌａｎ－ｄｒｅｎｅ）,８）β－顺式罗勒烯（β－ｃｉｓ－ｏｃｉｍｅｎｅ）,９）β－反式罗勒烯（β－ｔｒａｎｓ－ｏｃｉｍｅｎｅ）,１０）松油烯－４－醇（Ｔｅｒｐｉｎｅｎ－４－ｏｌ）,１１）α－姜黄烯（α－ｃｕｒｃｕｍｅｎｅ）,１２）茵陈炔（Ｃａｐｉｌｅｎｅ）,１３）橙花叔醇（Ｎｅｒｏｌｉｄｏｌ）,１４）匙叶桉油烯醇（Ｓｐａｔｈｕｌｅｎｏｌ）。     

重迎茬大豆根际土壤有机化合物的初步鉴定及对大豆种子萌发的化感作用

采用气相色谱－质谱联用技术（ＧＣ－ＭＳ）鉴定了用无水乙醇浸提的结荚期重迎茬大豆根际土壤有机化合物,并对其化感作用进行了初步研究,结果表明,重迎茬大豆根土壤中主要含有有机酸类、酯类、醇类、酮类、醛类、苯类、酚类、烃类及萘、呋喃类等有机化合物;其中包含很多普被报道过的化感物质,在本试验的根本土壤用量条件下,其醇提液对大豆种子萌发及胚根生长未表现出化感作用,这可能与其致害浓度有关,此外,本文还探讨了化感     

乙烯消减盐渍胁迫对苜蓿种子萌发的抑制作用

在无盐条件下,外源乙烯对苜蓿种子萌发有促进作用,但对最终发芽率无影响。盐渍严重抑制苜蓿种子萌发,加入１～５０μｌ／Ｌ（ｖ／ｖ）外源乙烯或０．１～５．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ１－氨基环丙烷－１－羧酸（ＡＣＣ）或５～１００ｍｇ／Ｌ（ｗ／ｖ）乙烯利（ＥＴＨ）均能极显著地减轻ＮａＣｌ对苜蓿种子萌发的抑制作用。激动素（ＫＴ）也有类似作用,并能促进萌发种子的乙烯产生,它与ＡＣＣ一起使用,则对种子萌发和乙烯产生均显示加成作用。在ＮａＣｌ胁迫下,应用乙烯和乙烯利虽有利萌发,但幼芽鲜重和下胚轴长度明显低于无盐对照。     

尿囊素的合成及其对作物的生化他感作用

本文通过乙醛酸和尿素反应人工合成尿囊素,以及对小麦、水稻、萝卜、番茄、黄瓜和大豆等作物的生化他感作用。研究表明：尿囊素对作物的生化他感作用与其浓度有直接关系,１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度对所有受体均表现出强烈的抑制作用,特别是水稻和萝卜种子的萌发完全被抑制。降低浓度则有不同结果,其中对小麦、黄瓜、番茄、萝卜均表现抑制作用,而水稻,尤其是大豆在中低浓度表现为促进作用。进一步对大豆、绿豆和红豆等豆料作物的研究证实：尿囊素对大豆和红豆的幼苗生长均有促进作用,尤其在０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度时最为显著。     

不同营养因子对新疆紫草悬浮培养细胞生长及紫草宁衍生物形成的影响

报道了不同碳源、维生素、氨基酸、钙盐及肌醇对新疆紫草悬浮培养细胞生长及紫草宁衍生物形成的影响。蔗糖是最适碳源、最佳浓度为３％。Ｂ族维生素对细胞生长及紫草宁衍生物形成的促进效果不大。酪氨酸以及甘氨酸会抑制产物的形成;而１０－５ｍｏｌ／ｌ的Ｌ－苯丙氨酸以及１０－７—１０－６ｍｏｌ／ｌ维生素Ｃ可明显提高紫草宁衍生物的含量及产量。肌醇对细胞生长的影响不大,但２００ｍｇ／ｌ肌醇可促进产物的形成。适于细胞生长及紫草宁衍生物形成的钙源分别为３３２ｍｇ／ｌＣａＣｌ２·２Ｈ２Ｏ和１４００ｍｇ／ｌＣａ（Ｎｏ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ。文末列出了改良的生长培养基及其配方。     

赤霉素和光对拟南芥种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以拟南芥的赤霉素（ＧＡ）缺陷型突变体ｇａ－１,ｇａ－２,ｇａ－３和ＧＡ不敏感型突变体ｇａ－ｔ为材料,研究了光和４种ＧＡ对拟南芥种子萌发和幼苗生长影响的相互关系。结果表明：（１）烯效唑对ｇａ－１种子萌发的抑制在光下可明显被ＧＡ恢复,而在黑暗中ＧＡ的作用不明显。（２）在光下低浓度的外源ＧＡ３可使ｇａ－１,ｇａ－２,ｇａ０３的种子萌发,而在黑暗中同样浓度的ＣＡ３则难以使种有发。（３）光可以降低子萌发所需     

栀子组织和细胞培养生产天然食用色素的研究：Ⅰ.愈务组织…

在诱导出愈伤组织的基础上,对各种不同的培养条件进行分析研究,考察它们对愈伤组织生长和栀子黄色素产生的影响,筛选出适宜的生长培养基：Ｂ５＋ＴＢＡ １ｍｇ／１＋ｋＴ０．２３ｍｇ／、ＭＧ－５＋ＩＢＡ １ｍｇ／＋ＫＴ０．２３ｍｇ／、Ｂ５＋ＩＡＡ１．５ｍｇ／ｌ和生产培养基;Ｍ－９＋ＩＡＡ １ｍｇ／ｌ、Ｍ－９＋ＩＡＡ １．５ｍｇ／ｌ。并且,获得了几个色素含量较高的愈伤组织系。另外,还研究了含色素和不含色素的愈     

玉米培养物中弯角镰孢菌代谢产物的分析与鉴定

从致牛烂蹄病的稻草中分离的弯角镰孢菌菌株于１９８８年和１９９１年分两批接种玉米中,培养物用乙腈：水（３：１,ｖ／ｖ）提取,正已烷脱脂,Ｆｌｏｒｉｓｉｌ色谱柱净化,经净化的提取液经电子捕获气相色谱（ＧＣ－ＥＣＤ）、薄层色谱（ＴＬＣ）分析和气相色谱－质谱联用（ＧＣ－ＭＳ）鉴定,证实了弯角镰孢菌可同时产生多种单端孢霉烯族化合物。弯角镰孢菌能同时产生这些代谢物,在国内外未见报道。     

水杨酸和阿斯匹林对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发的作用(简报)

盐胁迫下外源水杨酸和阿斯匹林能够相对提高萌发的小麦胚乳内α－淀粉酶、蛋白酶的活性以及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸的含量,提高小麦发芽的数量、速度和质量;在１．２％ＮａＣｌ胁迫条件下,水杨酸和阿斯匹林对小麦种子萌发的最适作用浓度分别为０．１０ ｇ·Ｌ－１和０．２０ ｇ·Ｌ－１。     

酿酒酵母3——磷酸甘油脱氢酶的诱导,提纯和性质

在ＹＥＰＤ培养中添加ＮａＣｌ,可以诱导酿酒酵母细胞内３－磷酸甘油脱氢酶的形成,当ＮａＣｌ浓度达５％时,酶比活从０．０５Ｕ／ｍｇ提高到０．５Ｕ／ｍｇ;若再限制培养基中葡萄糖浓度在１００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下,酶比活可达到０．８９Ｕ／ｍｇ。酶比活与培养基中的ＮａＣｌ浓度的函数关系式为：Ｓａ＝０．１２９Ｃ＾３－０．０３８Ｃ＾２＋０．０３４Ｃ＋０．０６３。粗酶液经Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－２５凝胶过滤,Ｂｌｕｅ Ｓｅｐ     

小麦根区微生物分解小麦残体产生的化感物质及其生物活性的研究

取小麦根区土壤微生物于不同ｐＨ（５,７,８）条件下,在室内腐解成熟期麦秸。对不同时间提取物做生物活性检验,部分样品进行ＧＣ－ＭＳ测定。结果表明：酸性提取液对小麦,玉米种子萌发均表现出抑制作用,其强弱与腐解时间有关。第１天的提取物对小麦、玉米根长的抑制作用极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）,第２周的提取物,以ｐＨ７时对小麦抑制最强,萌发率为零。第４周提取物ｐＨ８（Ａ）对小麦不但无抑制作用,反而有明显的刺激作用。     

Germination Promotion of Loblolly Pine and Baldcypress Seeds by Stratification and Chemical Treatments

The effects of 4 chemicals on the germination promotion of stratified and unstratified seeds of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) were studied. The chemicals used were gibberellic acid, kinetin, potassium nitrate and thiourea, each at 3 different concentrations. Stratification promoted the germination of both seed species. Certain concentrations of gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate and thiourea improved the germination of unstratified loblolly pine and baldcypress seeds while kinetin had no stimulatory effect. All 4 chemicals at specific concentrations promoted the germination of loblolly pine seeds stratified for a short period of time. Considering both speed and completeness of germination, best results were obtained when 21-day stratified seeds were treated with either gibberellic acid (100 mg/1) or kinetin (10 mg/1). In baldcypress, on the other hand, none of these chemicals had any stimulatory effect on the germination of stratified seeds. Germination of both species of seeds was either partially or completely inhibited by the highest concentration of thiourea (30,000 mg/1) used.     

链带藻源生物刺激剂提高小麦对盐胁迫的生理适应

盐胁迫是影响小麦萌发、生长和生产的最重要环境因素。探究链带藻（Desmodesmus Sp.）生物刺激剂对盐胁迫条件下小麦种子和早期幼苗抗盐、生长和生理的缓解效应以及最佳施用浓度,可为其应用于缓解小麦盐胁迫影响提供理论依据。【方法】通过室内培养皿培养法,将小麦种子置于100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,外源添加25,50,100,200 mg/L的链带藻提取物（DAE）,处理7 d后测量各项萌发和生长参数。【结果】外源添加DAE处理缓解了盐胁迫对小麦种子萌发和早期幼苗生长的抑制作用,提高了盐胁迫下小麦种子的萌发率和叶片含水量,促进了生物量的积累;提高了幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性以及脯氨酸、可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素的含量;降低了脂质过氧化作用,减少了丙二醛含量和膜透性。在100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,25 mg/L DAE对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发及早期幼苗生长抑制作用的缓解效果最佳。【结论】链带藻细胞提取物通过促进小麦种子早期萌发的启动,提高小麦幼苗叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节能力,增强小麦种子及早期幼苗对盐胁迫的适应性,提升了小麦的耐盐能力。     

油橄榄加工废液对小麦和玉米种子萌发及相关酶活性的影响

用不同稀释倍数的油橄榄加工废液(OMWS)处理小麦和玉米种子,采用计数法、测量法和比色法测定了发芽率、根长和相关生化参数,以探索OMWS对种子萌发特性及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同稀释倍数的OMWS对小麦和玉米种子的发芽率、发芽势和生长存在不同程度的影响;低稀释倍数(高浓度)的OMWS(原液和5倍稀释液)在抑制种子发芽的同时,对叶芽和根的生长存在延缓甚至毒害作用;随着稀释倍数的提高(浓度降低),这种抑制作用逐渐减弱,而高稀释倍数(30和50倍稀释液)处理则表现出一定程度的促生作用,这种影响存在浓度依赖性。OMWS处理同样可导致种子可溶性蛋白质含量以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的变化,呈现高浓度抑制和低浓度诱导增强的趋势;OMWS处理后小麦和玉米根的生长与POD和PAL活性存在明显正相关性。研究认为,OMWS对小麦和玉米种子的发芽及生长存在高浓度抑制和低浓度诱导的双重作用,并可能以多酚的影响为主;鉴于OMWS中多酚及其氧化产物可能产生的高浓度抑制、植物毒性和低浓度诱导化感作用,其在用做有机肥料或土壤改良剂时应做适当稀释处理。     

模拟酸雨对农作物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究模拟酸雨对3种农作物种子萌发年和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：不同pH值(2．5,4．5,5．6)的模拟酸雨对水稻和小麦的种子萌发没有影响,但明显抑制了玉米种子萌发。模拟酸雨条件下,3种农作物幼苗的生长受到抑制,生物量减少,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量下降,而叶绿素a/b的变化却不明显。pH4．5和5．6的模拟酸雨对玉米Fv／Fm、光化学猝灭(qP)的影响较小,非光化学猝灭(NPQ)却明显下降,表明酸雨伤害了植物PSⅡ天线对激发能的非辐射耗散能力。     

The effect of zearalenone on PSII photochemical activity and growth in wheat and soybean under salt (NaCl) stress

The effects of mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) on the photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII) in wheat and soybean leaf discs incubated in ZEN solutions as well as the after-effects of pre-sowing soaking of seeds in solutions containing ZEN on the photochemical activity of PSII and on the seedlings growth under salt stress (NaCl solutions were investigated). The incubation of wheat leaf discs in ZEN solutions strongly inhibited the energy flux per cross section (CS) for absorption (ABS/CS), trapping (TRo/CS) and electron transport (ETo/CS), while the effects of ZEN action on soybean discs were opposite and the values of those parameters significantly increased with the increase in ZEN concentration. Incubation of seeds in a ZEN solution resulted in an increase in photochemical efficiency of PSII in soybean seedlings, but did not induce any response of PSII in those of wheat at medium illuminations. Only at the stronger illumination for both species did ZEN induce an increase in efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centers, photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence and quantum yield of PSII electron transport. Pre-sowing soaking of seeds in a ZEN solution decreased the photoinhibitory injuries of PSII in wheat and soybean due to safe scattering of the excess excitation energy through an increase in energy-dependent quenching (qE) and state transition quenching (qT). ZEN when added to NaCl solutions during the period of germination contributed to reduction in the growth inhibition of wheat seedlings. The incubation of wheat leaf discs in ZEN solutions strongly inhibited CS, ABS/CS, TRo/CS and ETo/CS. Possible effects of ZEN on some physiological processes in plants have been discussed especially in the context with photochemical activity of PSII and a salt stress.     

小油桐籽提取液对作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究不同浓度的小油桐籽水提取液及酒精提取液对‘贵杂110号’油菜、‘卓越’黑麦草及‘早麦10号’小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,小油桐籽水提取液对3种作物种子发芽率、幼苗的芽长及根长有抑制作用,且随浓度提高抑制作用增强;酒精提取液对黑麦草与小麦的种子发芽、幼苗芽和根的生长有抑制作用,但特定浓度可促进油菜幼苗芽的生长。     

Effect of organic pollutant treatment on the growth of pea and maize seedlings

This study confirmed the considerable effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene (FLT; 0.01, 0.1, 1, 4 and 7 mg/l) exposure on the germination of seeds, growth and root morphology of seedlings in Zea mays and Pisum sativum. Seed germination was significantly inhibited at FLT≥0.01 mg/l in maize and at ≥1 mg/l in pea. The amount of released ethylene after 3 days of germination was significantly increased in both species at FLT≥0.1 mg/l. After 7 days of seedling cultivation a significant decrease in the dry weight of roots and shoots occurred in maize at FLT≥0.1 mg/l while in pea similar effect was observed at ≥1 mg/l. The total length of primary and lateral roots was significantly reduced by FLT≥1 mg/l in maize and by 4 and 7 mg/l in pea. The length of the non-branched part of the primary root was significantly reduced by FLT≥0.1 mg/l in maize and ≥0.01 mg/l in pea. In both species the number of lateral roots was significantly increased at FLT≤1 mg/l and inhibited at concentrations of 4 and 7 mg/l. Fluoranthene content in roots and shoots of both species positively correlated with the FLT treatment.     

Germination et culture aseptique de Thlaspi sylvestre Jord. subsp. calaminare (Lej.) Maly

We have studied the action of different zinc concentrations (10, 50 and 100 mg/l) on the germination of Thlaspi seeds and on the seedlings obtained from them when grown on water containing the same zinc concentrations. It appears that the 10 mg/l zinc concentration enhances slightly the percentage germination and that the 50 mg/l concentration is the optimum one for the growth of the seedlings. Therefore it seems that the normal growth of a plant growing on a “calamine soil” demands a given quantity of zinc, the optimum being in the neighbourhood of 50 mg/l.     

3-甲基-1-丁醇对玉米和小麦种子萌发的影响

植物的根际促生菌能使植物增产,其中菌群产生的挥发性成分起重要作用。3-甲基-1-丁醇（3-methyl-1-butanol）,即异戊醇,作为一种常见的微生物挥发性有机成分,但3-甲基-1-丁醇对高等植物种子萌发和生长的影响尚鲜见报道。本文研究了3种浓度（1、10和100 mg·L^-1）的3-甲基-1-丁醇对小麦和玉米种子萌发的影响。结果表明,1和10 mg·L^-1的3-甲基-1-丁醇处理均可提高玉米和小麦种子的活力指数;在低浓度的3-甲基-1-丁醇处理下,玉米和小麦种子可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量减少,而幼芽SOD活性和叶绿素含量比对照组显著增加。本文研究表明,3-甲基-1-丁醇在适宜的浓度下可以促进玉米和小麦生长。