The effect of radiation therapy on post-prostatectomy urinary function

AimWe sought to evaluate the effect of radiation therapy on post-prostatectomy urinary quality of life in prostate cancer patients.BackgroundIn some men with non-metastatic prostate cancer, radiation therapy is indicated following prostatectomy. The radiation toxicity and quality of life considerations are unique in the post-prostatectomy setting.Materials and methodsA total of 106 patients receiving post-prostatectomy radiation therapy completed the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite questionnaire before radiation and at 2-year follow-up. The primary outcomes of this study were the urinary domain summary score and subscale scores. Planned analysis was performed based on time interval from prostatectomy to radiation therapy.ResultsAmong the 106 patients analyzed, the mean urinary domain summary score worsened at 2-year follow-up after radiation therapy, lowering from 77.23–72.51 (p = 0.0085). Similar worsening was observed in the subscales of function (p = 0.003), bother (p = 0.0397), and incontinence (p = 0.0003). Urinary incontinence showed the greatest observable change among subscales. While the summary score worsened (p = 0.0031) among patients receiving radiation therapy more than 1 year after prostatectomy, it did not show statistically significant change in those treated 1 year or less after prostatectomy.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that post-prostatectomy radiation therapy is associated with modest declines in reportable urinary quality of life. Patients receiving radiation therapy more than 1 year after prostatectomy showed greater worsening of urinary quality of life, which indicates that there may be no functional advantage to delaying radiation therapy beyond the initial postoperative period.     

鼻咽癌放疗患者生命质量的相关影响因素研究

目的:探讨放疗对鼻咽癌(NPC)患者生命质量的影响及影响NPC患者生命质量因素。方法:选择2011年10月到2014年10月在我院接受三维适形放疗(3DCRT)或调强放疗(IMRT)的160例首次治疗NPC患者,随机分为3DCRT组和IMRT组,各80例。3DCRT组采用3DCRT治疗,IMRT组采用IMRT治疗。采用生命质量测定量表(QLQ-C30)分别在治疗结束时、治疗结束后3个月、治疗结束后1年对两组患者进行问卷调查,分析影响NPC患者总体生命质量的危险因素。结果:在不同时间点,IMRT组患者的总体生命质量评分、社会功能评分、家庭经济评分均明显低于3DCRT组(P0.05)。经过非条件二分类Logistic回归分析显示,影响NPC患者总体生命质量的因素有放疗方式、年龄、是否同期化疗及经济状况。结论:与3DCRT组相比,IMRT能改善患者总体生命质量、社会功能等,放疗方式、年龄、是否同期化疗及经济状况是NPC患者生命质量的影响因素。     

阿托伐他汀治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病改善肺功能的临床效果分析

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀对改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病肺功能的临床效果。方法:60例C0PD患者随机分为对照组组和治疗组各30例,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上口服阿托伐他汀(20mg/d)。两组患者随访12周,比较分析两组患者肺功能改善情况及生活质量的变化情况。结果:两组治疗前肺功能无明显差异,治疗后两组肺功能较治疗前均有显著改善。治疗组较对照组第1秒用力呼气容积(FEVl)、用力肺活量(Fvc)、FEVl/FVC和FEVI占预计值百分比(FEVl%Pred)等明显改善,差异有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01);并且生活质量评分治疗组明显高于对照组,差异有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:阿托伐他汀能明显提高慢性阻塞性肺疾病的肺功能,提高患者的生活质量。     

Combined therapy of percutaneous cryoablation and traditional Chinese medicine can be a promising strategy for elderly or advanced lung cancer patients based on a retrospective clinical study

Presently, elderly and advanced lung cancer patients have very limited treatment options. With no promising therapy, treatment of these patients is challenging. We have reviewed 119 primary lung cancer patients who received a combined percutaneous cryoablation and traditional Chinese medicine therapy (Cryo-TCM therapy) between 2005 and 2013. Out of 119 patients, 84.1% patients were elderly or advanced lung cancer when receiving cryoablation. Overall Survival time from the time of Diagnosis (DOS) and Cryoablation (COS) was 19 and 10 months respectively, which were longer than data previously published. Patients who accepted only Cryo-TCM therapy got similar DOS as those who were treated with Cryo-TCM and other classic anticancer therapies. Thus, Cryo-TCM therapy can prolong the survival time and can be used as the main therapy for the elderly or advanced lung cancer patients in China both in quality of life and cost effectiveness.     

食管癌三维适形放疗前后肺功能、生活质量的变化及放射性肺炎的影响因素分析

目的:探讨食管癌三维适形放疗前后肺功能、生活质量的变化及放射性肺炎的影响因素.方法:收集2017年11月～2019年11月在我院进行三维适形放疗的食管癌患者102例,对患者放疗前后的肺功能进行检测对比,并采用生活质量评价简袁(QLQ-C30)对患者放疗前后的生活质量进行评估对比.统计患者放疗后放射性肺炎的发生率,根据患...     

Development of a 4D numerical chest phantom with customizable breathing

Respiratory movement information is useful for radiation therapy, and is generally obtained using 4D scanners (4DCT). In the interest of patient safety, reducing the use of 4DCT could be a significant step in reducing radiation exposure, the effects of which are not well documented. The authors propose a customized 4D numerical phantom representing the organ contours. Firstly, breathing movement can be simulated and customized according to the patient’s anthroporadiametric data. Using learning sets constituted by 4D scanners, artificial neural networks can be trained to interpolate the lung contours corresponding to an unknown patient, and then to simulate its respiration. Lung movement during the breathing cycle is modeled by predicting the lung contours at any respiratory phases. The interpolation is validated comparing the obtained lung contours with 4DCT via Dice coefficient. Secondly, a preliminary study of cardiac and œsophageal motion is also presented to demonstrate the flexibility of this approach. The application may simulate the position and volume of the lungs, the œsophagus and the heart at every phase of the respiratory cycle with a good accuracy: the validation of the lung modeling gives a Dice index greater than 0.93 with 4DCT over a breath cycle.     

Selecting treatment for high-risk, localized prostate cancer: the case for radical prostatectomy

The most common treatment options for men with clinically localized prostate cancer include radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy. The choice between these options is often controversial, and selecting the optimal treatment poses a great challenge for patients and physicians. Factors important to the decision include age and life expectancy of the patient, the natural history of the prostate cancer, how curable the disease is, and the morbidity of treatment. Use of these criteria to select treatment for a healthy, 70-year-old man presenting with a nonpalpable tumor, stage T1c disease, serum prostate-specific antigen of 12 ng/mL, and an adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 8 that is present in 2 of 12 biopsy cores would lead to the choice of radical prostatectomy over radiation therapy. Data show that such a patient has a life expectancy of more than 12.3 years if the prostate cancer can be cured and a high probability of dying from the disease if it is not cured. Data further show that radical prostatectomy in such a patient would confer a survival advantage over radiation therapy without resulting in greater complications or reduction in quality of life.     

调强放疗联合替莫唑胺对高级别脑胶质瘤术后患者免疫功能和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：观察调强放疗联合替莫唑胺对高级别脑胶质瘤术后患者免疫功能和生活质量的影响。方法：选择我院2015年7月~2017年9月收治的有完整临床资料的高级别脑胶质瘤患者107例,根据双色球随机分组法将患者分为对照组和观察组,分别为53例和54例,对照组给予调强放疗,观察组给予调强放疗联合替莫唑胺治疗,均治疗6周。对比两组疗效、免疫功能、生活质量、无进展生存时间、总生存时间和不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗6周后,观察组的客观缓解率55.56%、疾病控制率77.78%高于对照组的35.85%、56.60%（P<0.05）。观察组的无进展生存时间、总生存时间长于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗6周后,观察组的CD8⁺水平低于对照组,CD3⁺、CD4⁺水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗6周后,观察组的躯体功能、机体疼痛、健康状况、生命力、心理职能、躯体角色、情感角色、社会功能维度评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应总发生率对比无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：调强放疗联合替莫唑胺应用于高级别脑胶质瘤术后患者,可减轻调强放疗导致的免疫抑制,提高患者生活质量,延长其无进展生存时间、总生存时间。     

Erythropoietin is a novel therapeutic option in the treatment of anemia caused by small cell lung cancer

Anemia is very common among patients with malignant tumors, due to the disease and chemotherapy. Anemia decreases the patient's quality of life. Erythropoietin therapy is accessible in Hungary for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia in patients suffering from small cell lung cancer. In our case report we present the case of a 62-year-old female small cell lung cancer patient with severe anemia, treated by erythropoietin-beta. The erythropoietin treatment provided the possibility of effective chemo- and radiotherapy. The patient's quality of life greatly improved due to the lack of the symptoms of anemia. The adequate use of erythropoietin is of great help to the physician in the management of small cell lung cancer patients, by improving the quality of life.     

单光子发射计算机断层扫描肺灌注显像(SPECT/CT)在肺恶性肿瘤放疗中 的应用进展

放射性肺损伤是肺恶性肿瘤放疗后常见的并发症,其限制肺恶性肿瘤的放疗剂量并影响总体疗效及患者生存质量。本文复习放射性肺损伤发生机制及影响因素,分析剂量体积直方图、肺功能测定、TGF-β1等临床常用放射性肺损伤评估指标的利弊。参考近年文献,总结了单光子发射计算机断层扫描肺灌注显像(SPECT/CT)在肺恶性肿瘤放疗中的应用,从其原理、区域肺功能的显像、对放疗的评估与指导应用几方面阐述。认为SPECT/CT能实时反映区域肺功能、肺功能改变以及其解剖定位,可在放疗中起监测作用,对准确评估肺功能、预测放疗后肺损伤,优化放疗计划有重要价值。SPECT/CT肺灌注显像还需要多中心、大样本、长时间随访资料进一步深入研究。     

Inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 sensitizes lung cancer brain metastases to radiotherapy

The most important therapeutic tool in brain metastasis is radiation therapy. However, resistance to radiation is a possible cause of recurrence or treatment failure. Recently, signal pathways about DNA damage checkpoints after irradiation have been noticed. We investigated the radiosensitivity can be enhanced with treatment of Chk1 inhibitor, AZD7762 in lung cancer cell lines and xenograft models of lung cancer brain metastasis. Clonogenic survival assays showed enhancement of radiosensitivity with AZD7762 after irradiation of various doses. AZD7762 increased ATR/ATM-mediated Chk1 phosphorylation and stabilized Cdc25A, suppressed cyclin A expression in lung cancer cell lines. In xenograft models of lung cancer (PC14PE6) brain metastasis, AZD7762 significantly prolonged the median survival time in response to radiation. Depletion of Chk1 using shRNA also showed an enhancement of sensitivity to radiation in PC14PE6 cells. The results of this study support that Chk1 can be a good target for enhancement of radiosensitivity.     

Erratum to: “Pancreatic cancer and SBRT: A new potential option?” [Rep. Pract. Oncol. Radiother. 20 (2015) 377–384]

Local control remains a major issue for patients with unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). The role of radiation therapy in the management of LAPC represents an area of some controversy. Stereotactic body radiotherapy is an emerging treatment option for LAPC as it can provide a therapeutic benefit with significant advantages for patients’ quality of life over standard conventional chemoradiation. The objective of this review is to present the rationale for stereotactic body radiotherapy in LAPC, as well as to discuss the potential limitations and caveats of the currently available studies.     

Pancreatic cancer and SBRT: A new potential option?

Local control remains a major issue for patients with unresectable, locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). The role of radiation therapy in the management of LAPC represents an area of some controversy. Stereotactic body radiotherapy is an emerging treatment option for LAPC as it can provide a therapeutic benefit with significant advantages for patients’ quality of life over standard conventional chemoradiation. The objective of this review is to present the rationale for stereotactic body radiotherapy in LAPC, as well as to discuss the potential limitations and caveats of the currently available studies.     

早期康复护理对肠内营养治疗的高血压颅内出血 患者预后的影响

目的：研究早期康复护理对肠内营养治疗的高血压颅内出血患者预后的影响。方法：选取2010 年1 月~2012 年10 月间入 院诊治的高血压颅内出血并应用肠内营养支持治疗的患者120 例,随机分为实验组（60 例）和对照组（60 例）。对照组应用常规护 理办法,实验组在其基础上应用早期康复护理,随访1 年后观察两组患者预后的生活质量情况、GCS（格拉斯哥昏迷指数）评分以 及并发症的发生情况。结果：随访1 年后,实验组的生活质量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;护理干预前两组患者的GCS 评分无差异, 护理干预后实验组的GCS 评分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;实验组在肺部感染、下肢静脉血栓、肩手综合征等并发症的发生例数均 显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：针对肠内营养支持治疗的高血压颅内出血患者应用早期康复护理可有效改善患者的昏迷程度、 预防并发症,有助于提高患者的生活质量。     

认知行为干预对晚期癌症疼痛患者影响的临床研究

目的:探讨在临床晚期癌性疼痛患者中,应用认知行为干预的方法,减轻癌痛、改善患者生活质量的可行性。方法:搜集2010年1月至2012年11月间,于哈尔滨医科大学附属第三医院肿瘤内科收治的晚期癌症患者238例,包括晚期的肺癌64例、乳腺癌36例、胃癌33例、肝癌29例、食管癌21例、大肠癌19例、胰腺癌14例、甲状腺癌13例、鼻咽癌6例、骨肉瘤3例,其中发生癌性疼痛的患者214例,肺癌58例、乳腺癌34例、胃癌31例、肝癌28例、食管癌18例、大肠癌17例、胰腺癌13例、甲状腺癌9例、鼻咽癌3例、骨肉瘤1例。对晚期癌症伴发癌痛的患者利用行认知行为干预治疗进行治疗干预,30d为治疗周期,治疗后对晚期癌症患者的生活质量(KPS评分)、癌痛的缓解率的影响。结果:在晚期癌症伴癌痛的患者中,利用认知行为干预后,癌痛总的缓解率为55.6%,其中部分缓解(1~3级)所占比例为49.5%,完全缓解(4级)所占比例为6.1%;在不同级别的疼痛(轻~重)中,程度较轻的疼痛缓解率较高(93.2%),程度为中等的疼痛缓解率为67.3%,而重度疼痛缓解率较低(16.7%);在KPS评分中,238例患者治疗后评分提高率占67.2%;在生活质量评分改善的患者占69.4%。结论:在晚期癌症伴癌痛的患者中,利用认知行为干预的疗法可以对疼痛程度在轻~中度的癌痛有较好的控制作用,并且对患者的生活质量有提高作用。     

Deformation Effect on SUVmax Changes in Thoracic Tumors Using 4-D PET/CT Scan

Respiratory motion blurs the standardized uptake value (SUV) and leads to a further signal reduction and changes in the SUV maxima. 4D PET can provide accurate tumor localization as a function of the respiratory phase in PET/CT imaging. We investigated thoracic tumor motion by respiratory 4D CT and assessed its deformation effect on the SUV changes in 4D PET imaging using clinical patient data. Twelve radiation oncology patients with thoracic cancer, including five lung cancer patients and seven esophageal cancer patients, were recruited to the present study. The 4D CT and PET image sets were acquired and reconstructed for 10 respiratory phases across the whole respiratory cycle. The optical flow method was applied to the 4D CT data to calculate the maximum displacements of the tumor motion in respiration. Our results show that increased tumor motion has a significant degree of association with the SUV_max loss for lung cancer. The results also show that the SUV_max loss has a higher correlation with tumors located at lower lobe of lung or at lower regions of esophagus.     

肺癌生存质量量表在晚期肺癌中使用的研究进展

近几年来,肺癌的发病率呈现逐年上升的趋势,成为癌症中的头号杀手。临床上针对不同类型肺癌有不同的治疗策略,由于临床上大部分病人在确诊为肺癌时已经为晚期,对于常规治疗方法难以达到效果时,关注肺癌患者的生存质量就显地尤为必要。肺癌生存质量量表可以反映病人临床治疗后的生存质量状况,达到反馈治疗效果的目的。在临床实验中使用肺癌生存质量量表可以帮助临床医师制定最优化的治疗方案。国际上的研究大多不是以生存质量为主要终点的研究,生存质量也不能全面的反映病人预后的状况,希望在今后的研究中,肺癌生存质量量表能够在临床中的使用更加普及、更加全面。本文就肺癌生存质量量表在晚期肺癌中使用的研究进展作一综述,以期更加促进我们对于晚期肺癌患者生存质量的思考与关注,更有利于适合我国国情的生存质量量表的研究和发展。     

早期康复护理对肠内营养治疗的高血压颅内出血患者预后的影响

目的：研究早期康复护理对肠内营养治疗的高血压颅内出血患者预后的影响。方法：选取2010年1月-2012年10月间入院诊治的高血压颅内出血并应用肠内营养支持治疗的患者120例,随机分为实验组（60例）和对照组（60例）。,对照组应用常规护理办法,实验组在其基础上应用早期康复护理,随访1年后观察两组患者预后的生活质量情况、GCS（格拉斯哥昏迷指数）评分以及并发症的发生情况。结果：随访1年后,实验组的生活质量显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;护理干预前两组患者的GCS评分无差异,护理干预后实验组的GCS评分显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;实验组在肺部感染、下肢静脉血栓、肩手综合征等并发症的发生例数均显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：针对肠内营养支持治疗的高血压颅内出血患者应用早期康复护理可有效改善患者的昏迷程度、预防并发症,有助于提高患者的生活质量。     

非小细胞肺癌患者血清淀粉样蛋白A水平与放射性肺炎的相关性研究

目的:评估非小细胞肺癌患者血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)水平与发生放射性肺炎(RP)的相关性。方法:选取我院确诊为非小细胞肺进行肺部病灶放射治疗的患者118例,评价是否发生放射性肺炎,并在放疗前及放疗剂量达到43 GY时分别抽取患者血清样本,应用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测患者血清淀粉样蛋白A含量。结果:43例患者发生了放射性肺炎,发生放射性肺炎组患者的放疗前血清淀粉样蛋白A水平明显高于未发生放射性肺炎组,两组对比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。而在放疗剂量达到43Gy时,发生放射性肺炎组患者的血清淀粉样蛋白A水平与未发生放射性肺炎组患者相比,差别无统计学意义。结论:对于非小细胞肺癌患者,通过检测放疗前血清淀粉样蛋白A水平可以预测放射性肺炎的发生。     

奥利沙铂、多西紫杉醇化疗方案联合同步三维适形放疗治疗晚期非小细胞癌的近期临床疗效观察

目的:观察并探讨奥利沙铂(Oxaliplatin,L-OHP)与多西紫杉醇(Docetaxel,DXL)化疗方案联合同步三维适形放疗(three dimensional conformal radiotherapy,3DCRT)治疗晚期局限性非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的近期临床效果并安全性。方法:将2010年1月-2012年2月间入选的94例局限性NSCLC患者随机单盲分为观察组(48例)与对照组(46例),观察组给予L-OHP、DXL化疗方案并联合同步3DCRT治疗方案,对照组予3DCRT治疗方案,对比两组治疗后临床疗效、生命质量改善情况及治疗期间毒副反应。结果:①两组患者疗效构成不同,观察组完全缓解率(12.5%)与总有效率(81.3%)均高于对照组(6.5%、58.7%),且后者差异具有统计学意义(X2=5.713,P=0.017);②观察组、对照组治疗后生活质量改善比例分别为56.6%、33.3%,两组生活质量具有显著性差异(Z=-2.101,P=0.036);③治疗期间观察组、对照组分别死亡2例(4.2%)、1例(2.2%),观察组骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、末梢神经损害、放射性肺损伤发生率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:L-OHP与DXL化疗联合同步3DCRT放疗治疗NSCLC可提高后者对原发病灶的近期控制率、改善患者生活质量,但也应注意对联合放化疗期间出现毒副反应的对症处置。