精制蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗迟发性运动障碍

目的：验证精制蝮蛇抗栓酶对迟发性运动障碍的疗效。方法对８例符合ＳｃｈｏｏｌｅｒＴＤ诊断标准的精神分裂症病人,在原抗精神病药物治疗不变的基础上加用蝮蛇抗栓酶,治疗３个疗后（１５天为１个疗程,每疗程间歇期３－７天）用ＴＤＲＳ、ＡＩＭＳ、ＢＰＲＳ和ＴＥＳＳ在应用抗栓酶前后及各疗程末进行评定,并进行自身配对比较分析,结果加用精制蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗３个疗程后ＴＤＲＳ、ＡＭＩＳ、ＢＰＲＳ总分明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０１     

蝮蛇抗栓酶对实验性矽肺治疗作用的研究

本文报告了蝮蛇抗栓酶对大鼠实验性矽肺的治疗有很好的疗效。其治疗机理为：通过染尘大鼠肺干重及全肺胶原蛋白测定其Ｔ／Ｃ值分别为０．６８和０．７１,其病理切片以１级为主。提示蝮蛇抗栓酶有抑制肺纤维化的作用,延缓矽肺的进展;通过用ＴＢＡ反应萤光比色法测定肺组织中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量,结果表明：蝮蛇抗栓酶能显著地降低肺组织中ＭＤＡ含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示蝮蛇抗栓酶具有体内抗氧化作用,提高体内ＳＯＤ水平,促进体内抗脂质过氧化的作用。抑制和减慢了肺组织原纤维化过程,从而起到抗胶原反应的作用。同时对抗了矽尘对肺组织损伤作用;通过测定染尘大鼠血液流变学中全血高切和低切粘度比,血浆粘度比、红细胞聚集指数和血沉等指标,均高于正常对照组,说明矽肺存在高粘滞血症,用蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗后其五项指标与矽肺对照组比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）提示蝮蛇抗栓酶有效地改变血液中的高粘滞状态,改善微循环,使矽肺病情得以缓解。     

蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗急性心肌梗塞疗效与剂量,时间的关系

用蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗急性心肌梗塞６２例,按用药剂量及治疗时间各分成２组对比,结果表明在急性心肌梗塞早期（８ｈ内）使用大剂量蝮蛇抗栓酶（＞２ＩＵ）,治疗效果较明显且病死率明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

大剂量精制蝮蛇抗栓酶冲击疗法抢救急性心肌梗塞2例报告

大剂量精制蝮蛇抗栓酶冲击疗法抢救急性心肌梗塞２例报告辽宁省锦州市太和区医院血栓科赵世君我院自１９９３年３月应用精制蝮蛇抗栓酶（ＡＰＩ）治疗２例急性心肌梗塞病人,疗效显著,报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料患者均为男性,平均年龄６１岁,１例合并脑梗塞而...     

蝮蛇抗栓酶对不稳定性心绞痛患者血中部分凝血及纤溶指标的影响

测定３８例不稳定性心绞痛（ＵＡＰ）患者血中纤维蛋白原（Ｆｇ）含量、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）活性、血管性假血友病因子（ｖＷＦ）活性和血小板聚集率水平（ＰＡｇＴ）并与２１名正常人对比。患者中１８例用蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗,２０例行常规治疗。结果显示：ＵＡＰ患者血中ＰＡＩ－１、ｖＷＦ以及ＰＡｇＴ水平明显增高,ｔ－ＰＡ水平明显降低;蝮蛇抗栓酶组治疗后血中Ｆｇ、ＰＡＩ－１、ＰＡｇＴ水平均明显下降,使ｔ－ＰＡ水平明显升高;常规治疗组治疗前后各项指标无明显变化。认为蝮蛇抗栓酶对ＵＡＰ有可靠疗效     

刺五加在大鼠实验性肝癌诱发过程中作用的探讨

目的探讨大鼠实验性肝癌发病中刺五加对肌体免疫功能和抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法４６只ＳＤ雄性大鼠被随机分成对照组（喂普通饲料）、３－甲基４－双甲氨基偶氮苯（３－Ｍｅ－ＤＡＢ）组（喂含０．０６％３Ｍｅ－ＤＡＢ饲料 １０周）和刺五加组（饲喂同 ３－Ｍｅ－ＤＡＢ外、另加入刺五加 ４．５ｇ／ｋｇ饲料,用常规方法检测全血谷光甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）、血清超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量,用微量化学发光造检测吞噬细胞活性（ＰＭＮ－ＣＬ）。结果１．ＰＭＮ－ＣＬ检测峰值、积分值和吞噬细胞指数,３－ＭｅＤＡＢ组较正常组和刺五加组均有显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１）２．全血ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性、ＳＯＤ活性,刺五加组较３－ＭｅＤＡＢ组均有显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＭＤＡ含量刺五加组和３－ＭｅＤＡＢ组均较正常组升高（均Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论刺五加在大鼠实验性肝癌诱发过程中有提高抗氧化酶活性和对抗致癌剂引起的机体中性粒细胞吞噬功能代偿性增高的作用。     

以经颅多普勒血流仪对蝮蛇抗栓酶与速效溶栓清治疗缺血性脑血管病颅内动脉血流变化的观察

６２例缺血性脑血管病患者,其中４２例为蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗组,２０例为速效溶栓清治疗组。治疗前后分别用经颅多普勒血流仪（ＴＣＤ）检查脑血管（大脑中动脉ＭＣＡ、前动脉ＡＣＡ及后动脉ＰＣＡ）血流平均值Ｖｍ。结果显示,两组患者被治疗后脑血管血流Ｖｍ均明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）,但两组间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。表明两种药物治疗缺血性脑血管病疗效相仿,但速效溶栓清价格较高     

蝮蛇抗栓酶3号对心血管病高凝状态的影响

应用蝮蛇抗栓酶３号（以下简称Ｓｖａｔｅ—３）治疗心血管病高凝状态２４例,剂量１．０ｕ稀释后静滴,ｑｄ,３周为一疗程。治疗后患者全血粘度、血浆粘度、血小板聚集率、组织纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂（ＴＰＩ）、血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）、组织纤维连结蛋白（ＦＮ）均有显著下降,而组织纤溶酶原激活剂（ＴＰＡ）、６－酮前列腺素Ｆα（６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦα）明显升高。提示,该药治疗心血管病高凝状态有效。     

蝮蛇抗栓酶冲击疗法治疗急性心肌梗塞17例

蝮蛇抗栓酶冲击疗法治疗急性心肌梗塞１７例张卫明,苏世祯永福县人民医院５４１８００本文１７例诊断急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）,为１９８９～１９９３年住院病人。采用蝮蛇抗栓酶［沈阳第一制药厂生产的江浙蝮蛇抗栓酶,每支含０．２５ｕ,Ｓｖａｔｅ,皮试阴性。］０．７...     

蝮蛇抗栓酶致急性上消化道粘膜病变2例报告

蝮蛇抗栓酶致急性上消化道粘膜病变２例报告１６５医院王灵,王次华我科从８８年开始广泛应用蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗多种疾病。其中因应用蝮蛇抗栓酶致发生急性上消化道粘膜病变２例,现报告如下：例１：李××,男,５３岁,因动脉硬化,高凝血症于９０年６月５日入院。既往无胃...     

On the origin of the Hirudinea and the demise of the Oligochaeta

The phylogenetic relationships of the Clitellata were investigated with a data set of published and new complete 18S rRNA gene sequences of 51 species representing 41 families. Sequences were aligned on the basis of a secondary structure model and analysed with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. In contrast to the latter method, parsimony did not recover the monophyly of Clitellata. However, a close scrutiny of the data suggested a spurious attraction between some polychaetes and clitellates. As a rule, molecular trees are closely aligned with morphology-based phylogenies. Acanthobdellida and Euhirudinea were reconciled in their traditional Hirudinea clade and were included in the Oligochaeta with the Branchiobdellida via the Lumbriculidae as a possible link between the two assemblages. While the 18S gene yielded a meaningful historical signal for determining relationships within clitellates, the exact position of Hirudinea and Branchiobdellida within oligochaetes remained unresolved. The lack of phylogenetic signal is interpreted as evidence for a rapid radiation of these taxa. The placement of Clitellata within the Polychaeta remained unresolved. The biological reality of polytomies within annelids is suggested and supports the hypothesis of an extremely ancient radiation of polychaetes and emergence of clitellates.     

On the ontogeny of the haptor and the evolution of the Monogenea

Data on the ontogeny of the posterior haptor of monogeneans were obtained from more than 150 publications and summarised. These data were plotted into diagrams showing evolutionary capacity levels based on the theory of a progressive evolution of marginal hooks, anchors and other attachment components of the posterior haptor in the Monogenea (Malmberg, 1986). 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks are assumed to be the most primitive monogenean haptoral condition. Thus the diagrams were founded on a 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hook evolutionary capacity level, and the evolutionary capacity levels of anchors and other haptoral attachement components were arranged according to haptoral ontogenetical sequences. In the final plotting diagram data on hosts, type of spermatozoa, oncomiracidial ciliation, sensilla pattern and protonephridial systems were also included. In this way a number of correlations were revealed. Thus, for example, the number of 5 + 5 marginal hooks correlates with the most primitive monogenean type of spermatozoon and with few sensillae, many ciliated cells and a simple protonephridial system in the oncomiracidium. On the basis of the reviewed data it is concluded that the ancient monogeneans with 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks were divided into two main lines, one retaining unhinged marginal hooks and the other evolving hinged marginal hooks. Both main lines have recent representatives at different marginal hook evolutionary capacity levels, i.e. monogeneans retaining a haptor with only marginal hooks. For the main line with hinged marginal hooks the name Articulon-choinea n. subclass is proposed. Members with 8 + 8 hinged marginal hooks only are here called Proanchorea n. superord. Monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks only are here called Ananchorea n. superord. and three new families are erected for its recent members: Anonchohapteridae n. fam., Acolpentronidae n. fam. and Anacanthoridae n. fam. (with 7 + 7, 8 + 8 and 9 + 9 unhinged marginal hooks, respectively). Except for the families of Articulonchoinea (e.g. Acanthocotylidae, Gyrodactylidae, Tetraonchoididae) Bychowsky's (1957) division of the Monogenea into the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea fits the proposed scheme, i.e. monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks form one old group, the Oligonchoinea, which have 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks, and the other group form the Polyonchoinea, which (with the exception of the Hexabothriidae) has a greater number (7 + 7, 8 + 8 or 9 + 9) of unhinged marginal hooks. It is proposed that both these names, Oligonchoinea (sensu mihi) and Polyonchoinea (sensu mihi), will be retained on one side and Articulonchoinea placed on the other side, which reflects the early monogenean evolution. Except for the members of Ananchorea [Polyonchoinea], all members of the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea have anchors, which imply that they are further evolved, i.e. have passed the 5 + 5 marginal hook evolutionary capacity level (Malmberg, 1986). There are two main types of anchors in the Monogenea: haptoral anchors, with anlages appearing in the haptor, and peduncular anchors, with anlages in the peduncle. There are two types of haptoral anchors: peripheral haptoral anchors, ontogenetically the oldest, and central haptoral anchors. Peduncular anchors, in turn, are ontogenetically younger than peripheral haptoral anchors. There may be two pairs of peduncular anchors: medial peduncular anchors, ontogentically the oldest, and lateral peduncular anchors. Only peduncular (not haptoral) anchors have anchor bars. Monogeneans with haptoral anchors are here called Mediohaptanchorea n. superord. and Laterohaptanchorea n. superord. or haptanchoreans. All oligonchoineans and the oldest polyonchoineans are haptanchoreans. Certain members of Calceostomatidae [Polyonchoinea] are the only monogeneans with both (peripheral) haptoral and peduncular anchors (one pair). These monogeneans are here called Mixanchorea n. superord. Polyonchoineans with peduncular anchors and unhinged marginal hooks are here called the Pedunculanchorea n. superord. The most primitive pedunculanchoreans have only one pair of peduncular anchors with an anchor bar, while the most advanced have both medial and lateral peduncular anchors; each pair having an anchor bar. Certain families of the Articulonchoinea, the Anchorea n. superord., also have peduncular anchors (parallel evolution): only one family, the Sundanonchidae n. fam., has both medial and lateral peduncular anchors, each anchor pair with an anchor bar. Evolutionary lines from different monogenean evolutionary capacity levels are discussed and a new system of classification for the Monogenea is proposed.In agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. EditorIn agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. Editor