洋刀豆植物资源的综合开发利用

本文通过对洋刀豆的生物学特征以及其中的营养成分和药用成分的系统介绍 ,为其植物资源在食品及医药工业和农业生态环境治理中的综合开发利用提供参考     

野生火棘果有效成分研究进展

系统综述了近20年来国内外野生火棘果营养成分、药用成分、天然色素和加工应用方面的研究成果与进展情况,探讨了火棘果有效成分研究目前存在的问题和未来的发展方向。     

龙牙草的利用价值及其栽培技术

龙牙草为我国常见野生植物,分布广,适应性较强,本文就其形态特征,食用营养成分及价值,药用成分及药理作用和提取方法,栽培技术要点等进行了论述,为其进一步应用和推广提供了必要的理论依据。     

胡芦巴的营养成分及其利用

胡芦巴为传统中药材,在我国许多地方都能种植。胡芦巴含有薯蓣皂苷元、黄酮、生物碱等多种药用成分,有降血脂、降血糖等作用。胡芦巴还含有丰富的蛋白质、油脂、多糖、维生素和矿物质等营养成分,在食品、药品、保健品、化妆品等方面有广泛用途。重点介绍胡芦巴的营养成分,为胡芦巴的进一步开发提供参考。     

杜仲叶及提取物营养价值和药用成分研究

对不同产地和不同收获季节的杜仲叶常规营养成分、杜仲叶及其提取物中药用成分进行了研究 ,结果表明不同收获季节的杜仲叶营养有差异 ,杜仲叶及其提取物中含有较高的绿原酸和单宁。生产实践中 ,可利用秋末落叶作为很好的饲料资源     

豆腐柴研究进展

豆腐柴(Premna microphylla Turcz.)作为一种具有重要营养价值和药用价值的野生植物资源,近年来逐渐引起人们的关注。综述了近几年来关于豆腐柴生物学特性、营养成分和药用成分分析、加工利用以及栽培技术方面的研究现状和存在问题,并对豆腐柴的开发利用进行了展望。     

北冬虫夏草液体菌种培养及栽培技术

正北冬虫夏草简介北冬虫夏草也称蛹虫草,分类学属子囊菌亚门,麦角菌科,虫草属,是一种药用及滋补功效为一体的食、药用真菌。其富含蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素等营养成分外,还含有丰富的虫草素、多糖、过氧化物歧化酶等与天然冬虫夏草相似、且含量高于天然冬虫夏草的生理活性成分,其性质平和,不寒不燥,具有增强人体免疫力、滋肺补     

北冬虫夏草液体菌种培养及栽培技术

正北冬虫夏草简介北冬虫夏草也称蛹虫草,分类学属子囊菌亚门,麦角菌科,虫草属,是一种药用及滋补功效为一体的食、药用真菌。其富含蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素等营养成分外,还含有丰富的虫草素、多糖、过氧化物歧化酶等与天然冬虫夏草相似、且含量高于天然冬虫夏草的生理活性成分,其性质平和,不寒不燥,具有增强人体免疫力、滋肺补     

木槿两变型花蕾的营养成分分析

植物的花是大自然的精华,许多植物的花中含有多种营养成分,具有强身健体的作用~([1]).木槿(Hibiscus syriacus L. )是集药用、食用、观赏、绿化、纤维原料于一身的木本植物~([2-3]),木槿的花、果、根、叶和皮均可入药,具有防治病毒性疾病和降低胆固醇的作用~([4-5]);其花和叶富含人体所需的营养成分和无机元素,国内外很多地区具有食用木槿花的习惯~([6]).木槿的品种丰富、花色艳丽、适应性强,具有比较广阔的药用和食用开发潜力.然而,目前针对不同品种木槿营养成分含量的研究还不够系统.     

六种唇形科种子营养成分比较分析

对六种唇形科植物种子营养成分研究的结果表明：种子含有丰富的脂肪油,其不饱和脂肪酸总量均在90％以上。种子油的主要成分为：α-亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、花生烯酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸等成分。并从种子中测定了18种氨基酸和多种矿质元素的含量。这六种种子和种子油具有较高的营养价值和潜在药用保健功效。     

人脑运动前准备电位（BP）的两种成分

人脑运动前准备电位起始时间之长令研究者费解。本文比较了受指令食指屈曲运动和自我起始食指屈曲运动的ＢＰ。结果显示,ＢＰ在受到指令之前已经开始。显然,指令前那一部分ＢＰ即ＢＰ早期部分与运动无关。本文进一步研究了下意识眨运动,指令眨眼运动和自我起始眨眼运动。发现下意识眨眼运动时,ＢＰ起始时无早期成分,明显较另外两种眨眼运动的ＢＰ为短,表明ＢＰ的早期成分是由于在后两种有意识活动参与的眨眼运动中,心理活动产     

四膜虫中存在角蛋白样成分(简报)

中等纤维是脊椎动物细胞中普遍存在的一种细胞骨架成分,在一些无脊椎动物细胞中也发现有这类成分存在。据报道,枪乌贼的巨     

扬子鳄的营养成份初步分析

对扬子鳄肌肉、脂肪及血粉有关营养成份作了较全面分析检测。结果表明鳄肌肉和血粉中粗蛋白含量高,且含氨基酸种类齐全和多种必需微量元素,其营养丰富,生物学价值高;鳄贮脂中不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的７１４％,富含多种高级不饱和脂肪酸,其营养价值高于其他兽类油,具有保健作用。     

THE COMPONENTS OF KIN COMPETITION

It is well known that competition among kin alters the rate and often the direction of evolution in subdivided populations. Yet much remains unclear about the ecological and demographic causes of kin competition, or what role life cycle plays in promoting or ameliorating its effects. Using the multilevel Price equation, I derive a general equation for evolution in structured populations under an arbitrary intensity of kin competition. This equation partitions the effects of selection and demography, and recovers numerous previous models as special cases. I quantify the degree of kin competition, α, which explicitly depends on life cycle. I show how life cycle and demographic assumptions can be incorporated into kin selection models via α, revealing life cycles that are more or less permissive of altruism. As an example, I give closed‐form results for Hamilton's rule in a three‐stage life cycle. Although results are sensitive to life cycle in general, I identify three demographic conditions that give life cycle invariant results. Under the infinite island model, α is a function of the scale of density regulation and dispersal rate, effectively disentangling these two phenomena. Population viscosity per se does not impede kin selection.     

亚热带常绿阔叶林和杉木人工林茎流与穿透雨的养分特征

亚热带常绿阔叶林和杉木人工林树干茎流和穿透雨养分含量均表现季节动态变化。养分含量中,K^ 、Ca^2 、NO3%-浓度高,Na^ 、Mg^2 居中,HPO4^2-含量低,相对于林外雨,养分均出现富集化,但树干茎流养分富集化高于穿透雨。树干茎流出现强烈的酸化,而穿透雨酸化现象不明显。树种之间的茎流养分特征表现不一样,樟树和枫香总的养分浓度较高,其次为刨花楠,最后为青冈和红栲。     

FRACTIONATION OF THE RNA COMPONENTS OF RAT BRAIN POLYSOMES

Abstract— The incorporation in vivo of [³H]uridine into the RNA isolated from the free polyribosomes of rat cerebral cortex was studied. Sedimentation in sucrose gradients showed that initially (at times less than 60 min after injection of precursor) the label was associated with a heterodisperse species, while at longer times there was an increased coincidence of label with stable rRNA. Further fractionation was accomplished by means of differential extraction with phenol and analysis on polyacrylamide-agarose gels. Most of the rapidly labelled RNA was concentrated in a fraction obtained at pH 8-3 and 40°C. The base composition of this fraction differed greatly from that of rRNA, preribosomal RNA and DNA. Analysis by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide-agarose gels showed it to be composed of several distinct species in addition to residual 18 and 28S rRNA. Most of the latter was concentrated in a fraction extracted at pH 60 at 0°C.     

影响对叶榕及其传粉者繁殖的生态学因素

在西双版纳,分别统计了对叶榕(Ficus hispida)雌花期雌雄果的进蜂量和花后期雌雄果繁殖的多个特征值,以此来探讨自然条件下,影响对叶榕及其传粉榕小蜂(Ceratosolen solmsi marchali)繁殖的因素。结果表明:单果内有效进蜂数量是影响种子生产和传粉榕小蜂繁殖的首要因素,而雌花期进果的传粉榕小蜂并不是都能全部进入果腔传粉或产卵,大部分蜂还未进到果腔就被夹死在顶生苞片层的通道里,能进入雌果内传粉的榕小蜂为(2.72±2.04)只·果^-1,约占总进蜂量的52%;而在雄果里,能进入果腔的蜂量只有(2.08±1.65)只·果^-1,占35%左右。由于雌果内的雌花显著比雄果内的雌花多,结合单果进蜂量雌多雄少的格局,最终单果生产的种子数量 (1 891.63 ± 471.53)比传粉榕小蜂的数量 (367.20 ± 208.02) 多5倍有余。在雌果里,供给传粉的雌花数量与所生产的种子数量之间呈显著的正相关,而没有接受到花粉或不能正常受精的雌花数量与种子数量呈显著的负相关。雄果不仅生产花粉,也是传粉榕小蜂繁殖的场所,在相关于传粉榕小蜂自身繁殖力的因子中,传粉榕小蜂产卵制造的瘿花数量对其种群数量有最大的影响;影响次之的是发育过程中死亡的个体数量,它可降低30%左右的传粉榕小蜂数量;影响排在第三位的是寄主的雌花数量。此外,3类非传粉者的存在,单果内平均可减少30多只传粉小蜂。     

施肥对土壤潜在养分(磷和钾)和作物产量的影响

通过 5年的田间定位试验 ,研究辽河平原土壤磷钾的自然释放速度和不同施肥制度下的肥料效应以及建立宏大养分库的过程。结果表明 ,N、P肥在下辽河平原对玉米具有极好的增产作用 ,但K肥对玉米暂时不表现增产效果 ;对大豆而言 ,P、K肥效果均很明显。不同施肥处理作物吸收养分之间的差异与产量之间的差异相似 ,但其幅度不同 ,前者明显大于后者 ,表明籽实产量的增长与养分消耗不是等比例的。豆茬土壤的供P状况要优于玉米茬 ;随着施肥年限的延长 ,残留肥料P、K进入速效养分库的量减少 ,不同元素其表现也不同。     

NEW CYTOPLASMIC COMPONENTS IN ARTERIAL ENDOTHELIA

A hitherto unknown rod-shaped cytoplasmic component which consists of a bundle of fine tubules, enveloped by a tightly fitted membrane, was regularly found in endothelial cells of small arteries in various organs in rat and man. It is about 0.1 µ thick, measures up to 3 µ in length, and contains several small tubules, ~150 A thick, embedded in a dense matrix, and disposed parallel to the long axis of the rod. In some of these cells, the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum are greatly distended by the accumulation of a dense, finely granular material. The nature and significance of these cytoplasmic components are yet unknown.     

Nutrients Can Enhance the Abundance and Expression of Alkane Hydroxylase CYP153 Gene in the Rhizosphere of Ryegrass Planted in Hydrocarbon-Polluted Soil

Plant-bacteria partnership is a promising strategy for the remediation of soil and water polluted with hydrocarbons. However, the limitation of major nutrients (N, P and K) in soil affects the survival and metabolic activity of plant associated bacteria. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of nutrients on survival and metabolic activity of an alkane degrading rhizo-bacterium. Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was grown in diesel-contaminated soil and inoculated with an alkane degrading bacterium, Pantoea sp. strain BTRH79, in greenhouse experiments. Two levels of nutrients were applied and plant growth, hydrocarbon removal, and gene abundance and expression were determined after 100 days of sowing of ryegrass. Results obtained from these experiments showed that the bacterial inoculation improved plant growth and hydrocarbon degradation and these were further enhanced by nutrients application. Maximum plant biomass production and hydrocarbon mineralization was observed by the combined use of inoculum and higher level of nutrients. The presence of nutrients in soil enhanced the colonization and metabolic activity of the inoculated bacterium in the rhizosphere. The abundance and expression of CYP153 gene in the rhizosphere of ryegrass was found to be directly associated with the level of applied nutrients. Enhanced hydrocarbon degradation was associated with the population of the inoculum bacterium, the abundance and expression of CYP153 gene in the rhizosphere of ryegrass. It is thus concluded that the combination between vegetation, inoculation with pollutant-degrading bacteria and nutrients amendment was an efficient approach to reduce hydrocarbon contamination.