蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗高粘滞血症23例甲襞微循环的观察（摘要）

蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗高粘滞血症２３例甲襞微循环的观察（摘要）南京市钟山医院张思效本文对２３例高粘滞血症患者在用蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗前后以甲襞微循环进行对比观察,证明治疗后甲襞微循环状态有显著改善。从加权积分值变化可以看出;管袢形态Ｐ＜０．００５,管袢流态Ｐ＜０．...     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对大白兔耳微循环的影响

目的 通过观察盐酸戊乙奎醚(长托宁)注射液对清醒状态大白兔耳微循环的影响,对盐酸戊乙奎醚改善微循环的作用作初步探讨和研究.方法 用微循环观测仪观测用药前大白兔耳廓微循环血管管径、血流速度、血流量等进行综合评估出正常微循环血流指标作为对照,观察盐酸戊乙奎醚用药后对家兔耳微循环血流量变化,并用山莨菪碱作药效对照.结果 两组...     

蝮蛇抗栓酶对高粘血症患者血液流变与微循环影响的观察

静注蝮蛇抗栓酶并口服青龙胶囊治疗高粘血症１４０例患者。结果显示,蝮蛇抗栓酶能明显降低血液粘度,表现为全血粘度、血浆粘度、全血还原粘度及纤维蛋白原降低,同时降低甲襞微循环形态、流态及管周状态积分。探讨其改善血液粘度机制。     

基于显微图像的牛蛙肠系膜微循环观察

在动物活体上进行微循环观察是微循环研究的主要手段,肠系膜是脏器微循环的良好观察部位。通过医学图像分析系统可直接观察、录像、测量并记录正常状态下牛蛙肠系膜微血管的口径及开放数量、血流流态与流速、血流量等指标,并可观察滴加药物后上述指标发生的变化,探讨微循环的功能状态及药物等因素对微循环的影响。     

蝮蛇抗栓酶对冻伤家兔血凝系统某些指标的影响

本研究观察了家兔双后足重度冻伤后用蝮蛇抗栓酶（０．２５Ｕ／ｋｇ体重加入２０ｍｌ／ｋｇ体重生理盐水中,耳缘静脉点滴）进行治疗后其血凝系统某些指标的改变。结果表明,重度冻伤后家兔的出血时间及凝血时间明显缩短,血小板功能呈不同程度的改变,血浆纤维蛋白原含量增加,血液处于高凝状态;用蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗后,上述各项指标均有不同程度的改善,结果提示,蝮蛇抗栓酶可明显缓解冻伤所致的血凝增强的病变过程,这对重度冻伤的治疗将起到重要作用     

清栓酶治疗脑血栓冠心病微循环变化初步观察

本文报导40例脑心血管疾病在清栓酶治疗前后进行甲皱微循环对比观察,其中脑血栓组20例,冠心病组20例,两组均在清栓酶治疗2～3疗程后复查,分别对其甲皱微循环微血管袢的形态及功能,血液流态和微血管周围变化等三方面进行治疗前后对比观察,结果发现,治疗前甲皱微循环改变是明显的,临床症状较重,治疗后甲皱微循环障碍均得到了明显改善,临床症状也随着减轻或消失。治疗前后比较,其差异有显著的意义 P<0.05,P<0.01.从临床对比观察所见,脑心血管疾病的微循环改变与病情有关,其改变与病情轻重相吻合,与疾病转归相一致,提示微血管病变是动脉硬化临床可识别的象征.微循环障碍与疾病的发生发展有着内在联系,是脑心血管疾病的病因和发病的中间环节.治疗后微循环障碍的明显改善,提示清栓酶有着较好的改善微循环的功能.     

蝮蛇抗栓酶防治脑血管疾病的机理及其对微循环作用的研究

通过脑膜微循环、脑神经细胞酶活性测量、脑组织病理及超微结构实验研究和１３４例缺血性脑病病人临床治疗证明,抗栓酶治疗缺血性脑病的效果是确切的;其机理除降低血粘度、解聚、溶纤外,还发现有增强微循环血流动力学、保护血管内皮细胞,改善微血管舒张功能的调控作用和对脑细胞酶活性及脑神经细胞的保护作用。     

高脂血症兔球结膜微循环的改变

本实验用胆固醇粉喂家兔,造成实验性高脂血症,活体观察球结膜微循环的形态、流态及血管周围状态等１５项指标,并用球结膜微循环综合定量评价方法计算了综合积分值。处死后取球结膜进行组织学检查。结果表明：高脂血症家兔球结膜微循环有明显改变,主要为微血管形态异常、血流减慢、红细胞聚集、白微栓、静脉壁上有白色斑块等改变。球结膜微循环综合积分值明显增加,高于实验前。球结膜组织学检查发现上皮层下有泡沫细胞、血管壁增厚、有空泡、静脉内有血栓。虹膜睫状体内除有多数泡沫细胞外,还有胆固醇的菱形结晶。上述改变表明,高脂血症兔球结膜微循环有明显改变。血液有高凝、高聚倾向。黑茶中的茶色素有抗凝、抑制血小板聚集、促进纤溶等作用,口服黑茶可改善高脂血症兔球结膜微循环障碍。     

蝮蛇抗栓酶与盐酸培他定治疗缺血性脑卒中疗效对比观察（摘要）

蝮蛇抗栓酶与盐酸培他定治疗缺血性脑卒中疗效对比观察（摘要）贵州黔西南州人民医院神经科李新蓉本文报告用蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗缺血性脑卒中５０例,并与盐酸培他定和维脑路通为主治疗５０例作疗效对比。全部病例病强半小时至１个月内。用药前后做血液流变学和微循环检查。治...     

蝮蛇抗栓酶对高血压病者甲襞微循环的影响(附50例分析)

用蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗高血压病５０例,用药前后对比甲襞微循环管袢轮廊、管袢口径、管袢内红细胞聚集等指标均有非常显著性差异。治疗后患者血压明显下降     

Dynamic Alterations of Cerebral Pial Microcirculation During Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The study aimed to investigate the involvement of cerebral microcirculation turbulence after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Wistar rats were divided into non-SAH and SAH groups. Autologous arterial hemolysate was injected into rat’s cisterna magna to induce SAH. Changes of pial microcirculation within 2 h were observed. It was found that there were no obvious changes of the diameters, flow velocity, and fluid state of microvessels in non-SAH group. With the exception of rare linear-granular flow in A4 arteriole, linear flow was observed in most of the arterioles. There was no blood agglutination in any of the arterioles. After SAH, abnormal cerebral pial microcirculation was found. Spasm of microvessels, decreased blood flow, and agglutination of red blood cells occurred. Five minutes following the induction of SAH, the diameters of the arterioles and venules significantly decreased. The decreased diameters persisted for 2 h after cisternal injection. Decreased flow velocity of venules was found from 5 to 90 min after induction of SAH. Spasm of the basilar artery and increased brain malondialdehyde were also found after SAH. We concluded that cerebral microcirculation turbulence plays an important role in the development of secondary cerebral ischemia following SAH.     

阿托伐他汀联合普罗布考对动脉硬化家兔血流及斑块影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀钙片联合普罗布考治疗对兔颈动脉斑块稳定性的影响及血液流场改变。方法:选取清洁级日本大耳白兔40只,随机分为正常组、模型组、实验组、对照组,每组10只,复制颈动脉粥样硬化模型。对照组按照阿托伐他汀钙10 mg/(kg·d)的剂量,给兔按照不同体重予以不同药量治疗,将药物以生理盐水稀释至5 mL灌胃,实验组在对照组基础上加用普罗布考片0.25 g/(kg·d),与阿托伐他汀钙一同以生理盐水稀释至5 mL灌胃,模型组及正常组予以5 mL生理盐水灌胃。干预持续4周。用动物超声影像系统对兔进行颈动脉超声检查,彩色多普勒血流显像及血管成像检测颈动脉狭窄程度,血流速度,血流动力学改变。结果:1治疗后实验组阿托伐他汀钙片联合普罗布考治疗对兔颈动脉内-中膜厚度、斑块面积与模型组相比均明显改善,稳定斑块数明显增加,与对照组比较,实验组改善明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2正常组颈动脉正常,治疗后,实验组狭窄明显减轻,血流速度接近正常,对照组有所改善,模型组颈动脉狭窄程度最重,血流速度快,血流动力学发生改变,斑块不稳定性增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀钙片联合普罗布考治疗能够有效提高兔颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性,改善颈动脉狭窄,使血液流速接近正常水平,值得做进一步药理研究及深入探讨。     

Effects of head-down tilt on cerebral blood flow in humans ans rabbits

Changes in cerebral hemodynamics, during and after head down tilt (HDT), were examined by means of transcranial Doppler technique (TCD) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in humans, and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in rabbits. Mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity measured by TCD increased during the first 6 h of HDT compared with the pre-HDT value. NIRS experiments demonstrated that brain oxygenation and hemoglobin concentration increased with postural change from upright to supine. These results suggest that exposure to HDT increases CBF during the early phase of HDT in humans. In rabbits anesthetized with alpha chloralose, on the other hand, 45 degrees HDT did not change CBF significantly in the parietal cortex during 1 h after the onset of HDT. The discrepancy may be explained by the difference in species, tilt angle, or the brain region where CBF has been measured.     

Effects of the calcium antagonist NB-818 on cerebral blood flow

The effects of intravenous injection of NB-818, isopropyl methyl 2-carbamoyloxymethyl-6-methyl-4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5- dicarboxylate, on regional cerebral blood flow were studied in rabbits and Rhesus monkeys, using the hydrogen clearance technique. The above effects were compared with those of nicardipine and nimodipine. In rabbits, NB-818 (10 micrograms/kg i.v.) increased both cerebral cortical blood flow (rCBF) and cerebellar cortical blood flow by about 80% of the predrug level with a moderate decrease in mean arterial blood pressure, and no increase in skeletal muscle blood flow. The increase in cerebral blood flow with NB-818 was as great as that with nicardipine or nimodipine. In Rhesus monkeys, NB-818 (10-20 micrograms/kg i.v.) increased rCBF by about 30% of the predrug level, and its effect continued 30-60 min after dosing. The increase in rCBF with NB-818 was greater than that with nicardipine. The results from the present study indicate that NB-818 predominantly increases rCBF with a concomitant moderate hypotension, and its action is greater than that of nicardipine or nimodipine.     

The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for the improvement of cerebral microcirculation in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Elaboration of new correction methods for microcirculatory disorders in the brain caused by persistent high blood pressure is important for both medicine and biology. We studied the influence of intracerebral transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the cerebral microcirculation in young (4 month) and mature (12 month) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). It was shown that hMSC transplantation increased the density of the microvascular network of young SHRs to 1.6 and 1.9 times the density of the arteriolar area of the microvascular network of the pia. The density of microvascular network of mature SHRs increased by 1.4–1.5 times after hMSC transplantation. The perfusion and tissue saturation of sensorimotor cortex of young SHRs restored to the level of young normotensive rats. In mature SHRs, the perfusion and tissue saturation of sensorimotor cortex did not increase. In conclusion, the intracerebral transplantation of hMSC almost completely restored microcirculation in the sensorimotor cortex of the brain of young SHRs and slightly improved microcirculation in mature SHRs.     

Effect of 0.25 T static magnetic field on microcirculation in rabbits

We showed previously in rabbits that 0.2 and 0.35 T static magnetic field (SMF) modulated systemic hemodynamics by arterial baroreceptors. We now have measured the effect of 0.25 T SMF on microcirculation within cutaneous tissue of the rabbit ear lobe by the rabbit ear chamber (REC) method. Forty experimental runs (20 controls and 20 SMF) were carried out in eight different rabbits with an equal number of control and SMF experiments on each individual. Rabbits were sedated by pentobarbital sodium (5 mg/kg/h, i.v.) during the entire 80 min experiment. SMF was generated by four neodium-iron-boron alloy (Nd2-Fe14-B) magnets (15 x 25 x 30 mm, Neomax, PIP - Tokyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), positioned around the REC on the observing stage of an optical microscope. The direct intravital microscopic observation of the rabbit's ear microvascular net, along with simultaneous blood flow measurement by microphotoelectric plethysmography (MPPG), were performed PRE (20 min, baseline), DURING (40 min), and POST (20 min) magnetic field exposure. The control experiments were performed under the same conditions and according to the same time course, but without magnetic field. Data were analyzed comparing MPPG values and percent change from baseline in the same series, and between corresponding sections of control and SMF runs. In contrast to control series (100+/-0.0%-90.0+/-5.4%-87.7+/-7.1%, PRE-EXPOSURE-POST), after magnetic field exposure we observed increased blood flow (100+/-0.0%-117.8+/-9.6%*-113.8+/-14.0%, *P<0.05) which gradually decreased after exposure cessation. We propose that long exposure of a high level nonuniform SMF probably modifies microcirculatory homeostasis through modulation of the local release of endothelial neurohumoral and paracrine factors that act directly on the smooth muscle of the vascular wall, presumably by affecting ion channels or second messenger systems.     

Red blood cell velocity and oxygen tension measurement in cerebral microvessels by double-wavelength photoexcitation.

Because the regulation of microcirculation in the cerebral cortex cannot be analyzed without measuring the blood flow dynamics and oxygen concentration in cerebral microvessels, we developed a fluorescence and phosphorescence system for estimating red blood cell velocity and oxygen tension in cerebral microcirculation noninvasively and continuously with high spatial resolution. Using red blood cells labeled with fluorescent isothiocyanate to visualize red cell distribution and using the oxygen quenching of Pd-meso-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphyrin phosphorescence to measure oxygen tension enabled simultaneous measurement of blood velocity and oxygen tension. We examined how the measurement accuracy was affected by the spatial resolution and by the excitation laser light passing through the targeted microvessel and exciting the oxygen probe dye in the tissue beneath it. Focusing the excitation light into the microvessel stabilized the phosphorescence lifetime at each spatial resolution; moreover, it greatly reduced phosphorescence from the brain tissue. Animal experiments involving acute hemorrhagic shock demonstrated the feasibility of our system by showing that the changes in venular velocity and oxygen tension are synchronized to the change in mean arterial pressure. Our system measures the red cell velocity and oxygen concentration in the cerebral microcirculation by using the differences in luminescence and wavelength between fluorescence and phosphorescence, making it possible to easily acquire information about cerebral microcirculatory distribution and oxygen tension simultaneously.     

电针改善VBI所致内耳微循环障碍及对VOR的影响

目的：对照电针和西比灵（盐酸氟桂利嗪）的效应,探讨电针改善椎-基底动脉供血不足（VBI）所致内耳微循环障碍的机理及电针对前庭-眼反射（VOR）的影响。方法：组织硬化剂-775注射液注射致家兔左侧颈椎横突软组织建立椎动脉型颈椎病（VCS）模型,采用直线加速度（LA）和水平旋转（HR）诱发眼震电图（ENG）、经颅多谱勒（TCD）、激光多谱勒血流计（LDF）和血液流变学,检测VBI家兔NEG频率、基底动脉（BA）血流速度、内耳血流量（IEBF）、血液粘度和细胞流变性变化。结果：模型组ENG频率、BA血流速度和IEBF显著降低,全血中、低切变率粘度和红细胞聚集指数（EDI）显著增高。西比灵可显著降低全血粘度和EDI,加快BA收缩期血流速度（Vs）,但对舒张期血流速度（Vd）和平均血流速度（Vm）无明显作用。电针不能降低血液粘度和EDI无明显作用,但改善IEBF和LA诱发的ENG作用较西比灵显著,并有增快Vs、Vd和Vm的趋势,电针和西比灵对HR诱发的ENG均无改善作用。结论：VBI所致内耳微循环障碍可引起前庭和水平半规管功能障碍,电针可能通过神经一体液调节改善VBI,并可能主要通过增强内耳微循环局部调节改善内耳血供,恢复前庭囊斑对LA的敏感性。电针效应优于西比灵。VBI模型前庭器官内血流分配及前庭信号转导可能存在复杂的机制,有待深入研究。     

Evaluation of consistency among different electrical impedance indices of relative cerebral blood flow in normal resting individuals

Significant correlation was observed, in normal resting individuals, of interregional variation of classical amplitude-dependent electrical impedance indices of cerebral blood flow (CBF) with three quantitative rheographic measures of cerebral blood flow which have been themselves radioisotopically validated. Since these amplitude-related CBF indices are derived from the Nyboer model relating blood volume changes to change of impedance, the data support the correctness and applicability of this model to the head. Interrelationship among the CBF parameters obtained with the use of this technique was found to be markedly affected by differing electrode placements; it was not apparently affected by extracranial circulation. It is concluded that under proper recording conditions, several assumptions underlying rheoencephalography are consistent and that it may be a useful tool for the study of relative regional cerebral blood flow in normal individuals.     

Effects of bradykinin in the cerebral circulation

All components of an intracerebral kallikrein-kinin system have been described. Thus, bradykinin (BK) acting from the parenchymal side as well as from the blood side may influence cerebral microcirculation. BK is a potent dilator of extra- and intraparenchymal cerebral arteries when acting from the perivascular side. The vasomotor effect of BK is mediated by B2 receptors which appear to be located at the abluminal membrane of the endothelial cell. Signal transmission from the endothelial to the smooth muscle cell is mediated by NO, prostanoids, free radicals or H2O2 depending on the animal species and on the location of the artery. Selective opening of the blood-brain barrier for small tracers (Na+-fluorescein: MW, 376) has been found in cats during cortical superfusion or intraarterial application of BK. This leakage is mediated by B2 receptors located at the luminal and abluminal membrane of the endothelial cells and probably mediated by an opening of tight junctions. Formation of brain edema has been found after ventriculo-cisternal perfusion or interstitial infusion of BK. This can be explained by increase of vascular permeability and cerebral blood flow due to arterial dilatation thus enhancing driving forces for the extravasation. An increase of the BK concentration in the interstitial space of the brain up to concentrations which induce extravasation, dilatation and edema formation has been found under several pathological conditions. Thus, BK may be involved in edema and necrosis formation after cold lesion, concussive brain injury, traumatic spinal cord and ischemic brain injury.