海南2个品种余甘子功能性成分及多酚提取条件研究

实验测定了海南2个主要余甘子品种的Vc、多酚、多糖、SOD等功能性成分,以及使用DPPH法进行了自由基清除能力测定。通过正交实验分析得出余甘子果实内多酚物质的最佳提取溶剂和最佳提取工艺。     

余甘子天然居群果实形态变异研究

为了从数量性状上分析余甘子天然居群果实表型性状在居群间和居群内的变异,在云南省选取了6个余甘子天然居群,分别测量了其8个果实表型性状并作比较分析。结果显示:(1)余甘子果实表型性状在居群间和居群内存在着较丰富的变异,8个果实性状在居群间的F值为20.17～35.21,部分差异达到显著水平;居群内的F值为1.27～3.07,差异均达到极显著水平。(2)余甘子居群内的平均表型变异接近90%,是余甘子果实表型遗传变异的主要来源。(3)余甘子表型性状的变化与生态和地理因子显著相关;主成分分析结果显示,单果重、果实横径、外果皮重、果核宽、果核重等5个表型性状指标是反映滇西北余甘子果实表型差异的主要因素。     

余甘子果实的加工工艺及其应用研究

余甘子果实的产地、特性、化学成份、药用以及栽培管理,《中国野生植物》1986年第2期已作介绍。本文着重叙述余甘子果实加工品的加工工艺及临床应用。一、加工蜜饯把余甘子鲜果加工成蜜饯是余甘子鲜果综合加工利用的一个主要产品。余甘子蜜饯基本上能够保持原有色、香、味,且有脆度。分析结果表明,余甘子蜜饯含有较多维生素 C 和其它营养成分,是一种比较好的蜜饯食品并保持药用功能。     

余甘子采后软腐病菌的分离鉴定及其细胞壁水解酶活性

【背景】药食同源的余甘子果实在采后贮藏过程中极易软腐变质,严重影响其品质和经济价值。【目的】明确引起余甘子果实软腐病的病原菌种类及其生长特性和产细胞壁水解酶活性,为余甘子采后软腐病的控制及延长其贮藏期奠定基础。【方法】采用组织块分离法从采后发病的余甘子果实分离病原菌,按照科赫法则确定分离菌株的致病性;采用形态学特征结合rDNA-ITS序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定,测定病原菌菌丝生长和产孢特性,检测产胞外细胞壁水解酶活性。【结果】从具有软腐症状的余甘子果实中分离得到32株真菌,其中菌株DQ23是余甘子采后软腐病的致病菌,通过形态特征结合rDNA-ITS序列将其鉴定为Penicillium choerospondiatis。其菌丝在酵母膏葡萄糖琼脂培养基(YDA)上生长最快,在马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基(PSA)上产孢最多。该菌能有效利用多种碳、氮源,适宜产孢的碳源为蔗糖、葡萄糖,氮源为蛋白胨、牛肉膏、酵母膏。菌丝生长的最适温度和pH范围分别为25°C和3.0-5.0,产孢的最适温度和pH范围分别为25°C和4.0-7.0。光照均利于菌丝生长和产孢。该菌具有分解果胶、纤维素的能力,无分解蛋白质、鞣质的能力。【结论】Penicillium choerospondiatis是余甘子果实软腐病的病原菌,研究结果为该病害的防控奠定了基础。     

余甘子采后软腐病拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其防效

【背景】由青霉菌引起的软腐病是余甘子采后贮藏期的主要病害,造成了经济损失严重。【目的】筛选对余甘子软腐病菌具有良好拮抗效果的放线菌菌株,并初步评价拮抗菌无菌发酵液的防治效果。【方法】以PenicilliumchoerospondiatisDQ23为指示菌,采用琼脂块法结合生长速率法进行拮抗菌株的筛选,并采用形态学特征、生理生化特性结合16S rRNA基因序列进行分类鉴定,并采用浸果法初步测定其无菌发酵液对余甘子软腐病发生及果实贮藏品质的影响。【结果】菌株SC-15对青霉P.choerospondiatis DQ23有较强的拮抗作用,拮抗圈直径为18.70 mm,20%无菌发酵液对软腐病菌的抑制率可达87.8%。根据菌株形态学和生理生化特性,结合16SrRNA基因序列分析将菌株SC-15鉴定为维及尼链霉菌(Streptomycesvirginae)。菌株SC-15无菌发酵液能降低余甘子的腐烂率和腐烂指数,延缓可溶性固形物和可滴定酸的降低,其中75%发酵液浸果效果最好,贮藏8d后,果实腐烂率为53.3%,果实腐烂指数为35.2%,可溶性固形物为4.8%,可滴定酸为6.25mg/g。【结论】...     

余甘子果实成熟过程中内含物变化的初步研究

余甘子果实成熟过程中内含物变化的初步研究陈贵清,陈进,胡建湘,李其惠,苏应春（中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,勐腊６６６３０３）自八十年代中期以来,国内有关余甘子（ＰｈｙｌｌａｎｔｈｕｓｅｍｂｌｉｃａＬ．）的资源、品种、保健功能等方面的研究报道不少［１...     

余甘果的医疗保健作用

余甘果是亚热带植物余甘子的果实,含有丰富维生素C,民间广泛用作保健和医疗食品。国内最近的研究证明,余甘果能阻断强致癌物N-亚硝基化合物在动物、人体内外的合成,阻断率皆为90％以上余甘果含有对人体有益的活性物质——超氧物歧化酶(SOD),每克含SOD活力为482.14u。15名老年受试者,饮用余甘果汁后红细胞SOD活力明显高于服用前(P<0.01),上升率100％,血浆中脂质过氧化物(LPO)的含量下降,下降率为73％。     

余甘子的化学成分和保健功能作用

余甘子是一种具有较高的食用和药用价值的野生植物资源．风味独特．营养丰富,保健功能强,含有多种对人体有益的活性物质,具有补益、抗肿瘤、抗衰老等保健作用,这一特性使余甘子得到广泛关注,成为联合国卫生组织指定在全世界推广种植的三种保健植物之一。本文介绍余甘子的化学成分和保健功能作用,旨在促进余甘子的开发利用。     

余甘子果实水溶性多糖抑菌及群体感应抑制活性初探

以余甘果实(粉甘)水溶性多糖为材料,采用比浊法测定余甘多糖对5种细菌的抑菌活性及对改造型紫色杆菌紫色杆菌素生成量的影响。结果显示,余甘多糖对供试菌的抑菌活性大小顺序为：金黄色葡萄球菌＞枯草芽孢杆菌＞改造型紫色杆菌CV026＞红色粘质沙雷氏菌＞大肠杆菌;余甘多糖终浓度为20 mg·mL-1时,对紫色杆菌素生成量的抑制作用最大,抑制率达(53.47 ± 3.10)%。因此,余甘多糖具有抑菌活性及群体感应抑制活性。     

余甘子总黄酮超声波辅助提取工艺的优化

以余甘子干粉为材料,利用超声波辅助提取余甘子总黄酮。单因素试验分析液料比、乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声功率对余甘子总黄酮提取率的影响,在此基础上,利用响应面分析法对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,余甘子总黄酮最佳提取条件为：液料比82:1(V/W)、乙醇浓度45%、超声时间41 min、超声功率210 W,在此条件下余甘子总黄酮的实际提取率为6.12%。     

Modification of clastogenicity of lead and aluminium in mouse bone marrow cells by dietary ingestion of Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract

Extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruit and ascorbic acid were evaluated separately for protection against clastogenicity induced by lead (Pb) and aluminium (Al) salts on mouse bone marrow chromosomes. Oral administration of Phyllanthus fruit extract (PFE) for 7 days before exposure to both metals by intraperitoneal injection increased the frequency of cell division and reduced the frequency of chromosome breaks significantly. Comparable doses of synthetic ascorbic acid (AA) were less effective and could protect against the effects of Al and only a low dose of Pb (10 mg/kg body weight). AA administered before treatment in mice given higher doses of Pb (40 mg/kg body weight) enhanced the frequency of chromosome breaks, giving a synergistic effect. The higher protection afforded by PFE may be due to the combined action of all ingredients, rather than to AA alone.     

油柑果超氧化物歧化酶的化学修饰及其性质的研究

从油柑果中提取SOD[Superoxide dismutase(EC1,15,1,1,)],用山梨醇月桂酸酯（Sorbitol laurate)进行化学修饰,得到SL－SOD。比活力为4200u/mg。交联葡聚糖凝胶层析测分子量为38KD,紫外区最大吸收峰是258nm,修饰后SOD对温度和PH的稳定性均有增强。在某些低浓度的有机介质中活性比在水中高。修饰SOD的半衰期为14h,有效保存期为43d。几乎无免疫原性。     

PHOTOOXIDATIVE CONSUMPTION AND PHOTOREDUCTIVE FORMATION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN GREEN LEAVES

1. From leaves of barley and spinach, cellular components wereisolated and brought together under various conditions to investigatethe fate of ascorbic acid as affected by the components in thelight and dark. 2. A new colorimetric method for assaying ascorbic acid andsome other reducing substances was devised, measuring the colorof molybdenum-blue developed by the substances in the presenceof excess amounts of phosphomolybdate and inorganic acid. 3. The photooxidation of ascorbic acid by green and yellow filtrates,prepared from green and etiolated leaves of barley, was studiedby the ordinary as well as the new colorimetric method. In thepresence of oxygen, the oxidation of ascorbic acid was foundto be accelerated by light in the green filtrate, but not inthe yellow filtrate. 4. The oxidation of the endogenous reducing substance containedin the supernatant fraction of spinach leaf extracts was studiedin the presence of washed chloroplasts (spinach). In the presenceof oxygen, the rate of oxidation in the light was markedly higherthan in the dark. From the changes in absorption spectrum accompanyingthe reaction, the endogenous reducing substance in questionwas identified as ascorbic acid. 5. The occurrence of an endogenous precursor of ascorbic acidin spinach leaf extracts was disclosed. The photoreduction ofthis precursor into ascorbic acid was studied in the precenceof spinach chloroplasts. A specific inhibition of this reactionby phosphoglycerate and glycerophosphate was discovered. 6. The experimental results obtained were discussed in connectionwith the role of ascorbic acid in photosynthesis. (Received September 13, 1960; )     

The determination of ascorbic acid and uric acid in human seminal plasma using an HPLC with UV detection

Oxidative stress has been proposed as one of the potential causes for infertility in men. Ascorbic acid and uric acid play important role in protection of spermatozoa against free radicals. A method for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and uric acid in human seminal plasma using HPLC with UV detection and investigation their clinical significance as antioxidants protecting male germ cells against oxidative damage are described. Semen samples were obtained from consecutive male partners of couples presenting for a fertility evaluation. After liquefaction, the samples were centrifuged and the supernatants were diluted with dithiothreitol solution and after a filtration injected onto an analytical column. For the separation, a reverse-phase column MAG 1, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, Labiospher PSI 100 C18, 5 μm, was used. The mixture of ethanol and 25 mmol/L sodium dihydrogenphosphate (2.5:97.5, v/v), pH 4.70 was used as a mobile phase. Analytical performance of this method is satisfactory for both ascorbic acid and uric acid: the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were below 10%. Quantitative recoveries from spiked seminal plasma were between 92.1 and 102.1%. We have found no significant differences in both ascorbic acid and uric acid concentration between the smokers and non-smokers (351.0 ± 237.9 μmol/L and 323.7 ± 99.5 μmol/L vs. 444.8 ± 245.5 μmol/L and 316.6 ± 108.9 μmol/L, p>0.05). This assay is a simple and reproducible HPLC method for the simultaneous measurement of ascorbic acid and uric acid in human seminal plasma.     

Antioxidant properties of complexes of flavonoids with metal ions

The formation of complexes of metal ions with the flavonoids quercetin (L1), rutin (L2), galangin (L3) and catechin (L4) has been investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy. The antioxidant activities of the compounds were evaluated by using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicalscavenging method. In this work, we have shown that the complexed flavonoids are much more effective free radical scavengers than the free flavonoids. We suggest that the higher antioxidant activity of the complexes is due to the acquisition of additional superoxide dismutating centers. Radical scavenging activities of the compounds were also investigated from an electrochemical point of view. There is a relationship between the logarithm of the antioxidant activity (represented by EC50) and the oxidation potential. The synergic effect of the complexes and ascorbic acid were studied by [13C]-NMR analyses. The results show that ascorbic acid can protect flavonoids from oxidative degradation, and reveal antioxidant synergies between ascorbic acid and the compounds.     

多种小麦种子储藏蛋白的电泳分析

采用不同的提取液,对１０个小麦品种的非酶功能性种子储藏蛋白进行提取,分别进行梯度凝胶电泳分析。电泳依据提取液的不同,分别采用酸性或碱性系统。对酸性凝胶催化系统,采用Ａｐ－Ｖｃ－ＦｅＳＯ４系统代替Ｈ２Ｏ２－Ｖｃ－ＦｅＳＯ４系统,克服了酸性凝胶的不足,提高了凝胶的性质性能并使之容易操作。应用新的催化系统配制的酸性梯度胶,提高了分辨率。并初步尝试以酸性系统分析种子谷蛋白,获得了成功,经过对不同提取液蛋白     

Biosynthesis and metabolism of ascorbic acid in plants

The biosynthesis of L‐ascorbic acid in plants differs from that encountered in ascorbic acid‐synthesizing animals. Enzymic details are sparse, but in vivo studies with tracers clearly establish the stereochemical detail of both processes. Examples of each process are found in separate classes of algae. Plants utilize L‐ascorbic acid as the carbon source for the biosynthesis of two important plant acids, oxalic acid and L‐tartaric acid. Here, cleavage of L‐ascorbic acid between carbons 2 and 3 releases the 2 and 4 carbon intermediates. A second L‐tartaric acid‐synthesizing process peculiar to vitaceous plants, i.e., grape, cleaves ascorbic acid between carbons 4 and 5. The physiological significance of these metabolic interconversions is discussed. Other metabolic processes such as the oxidation/reduction properties of L‐ascorbic acid are also considered.     

抗坏血酸对酵母蔗糖酶的激活动力学研究

采用甲苯自溶法从鲜酵母中提取了蔗糖酶,并用乙醇分级及ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析进行了纯化,用ＰＡＧ凝胶电泳作了纯度鉴定,在ｐＨ５．０,３０℃条件下进行了酶反应,用双倒数作图法测出其Ｋｍ＝２．１×１０－２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｖｍａｘ＝０．２６（每分钟的光密度值）．在此系统中,加入不同浓度的抗坏血酸（Ｖｉｔ．Ｃ）,发现其具有激活作用并存在量效关系．双倒数作图显示：酶的表观Ｖｍａｘ（Ｖｐ）随抗坏血酸浓度的增加而增大,但其表观Ｋｍ（Ｋｐ）不变（Ｋｐ＝Ｋｍ）．经实验结果分析,推论出抗坏血酸激活作用的酶促反应方程式,并推导出反应速度公式     

沙棘(Hippophae spp.)开花座果期体内四种生化指标的研究

测试分析了6种沙棘开花、座果期体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和游离氨基酸、抗坏血酸的含量,进而选出较优良的品种为向阳、优胜和浑金,而齐棘、楚伊和阿亚干卡较差。游离氨基酸、抗坏血酸在沙棘果中含量高于沙棘花;过氧化物酶活性沙棘果强于花;过氧化氢酶花中活性强于果。