Pulmonary function of a firemen-diver population: a longitudinal study

Non smoking, male professional firemen-divers (n = 20) underwent two pulmonary function tests (PFT) separated by 8–9 years. Measured data were compared to European Coal Steel Community recommended reference values to permit cross-sectional and then longitudinal studies. Higher vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁; bothP<0.001), and lower residual volume (P<0.01) were observed in both PFT. Longitudinal analysis showed a smaller VC reduction than FEV₁ reduction, leading to a FEV₁/VC percentage decrease with time. Maximal mid expiratory flow (MMEF) and MMEF/VC changes during this 9-year period showed an unusually pronounced decrease, suggesting possible chronic effects of diving on small airways. Thus, it is suggested from our observations that a hyperbaric stimulus compensates in part for the effects of aging on VC and that obstructive disease could occur in subjects with long diving experience.     

A comparative analysis of biomass and clean fuel exposure on pulmonary function during cooking among rural women in Tamilnadu,India

It is of interest to document data on the comparative analysis of biomass and clean fuel exposure on pulmonary function during cooking among rural women. The study consisted of 100 biomass and 100 LPG fuel using women with no smoking habits and other related illness Parameters such as FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75%were obtained using the computerized spirometry to assess the pulmonary function in these subjects. The collected data were analyzed using the Student t-test method and Pearson correlation. The exposure index for biomass fuel users is 69.78±27.25 showing high exposure duration during cooking. The parameters for pulmonary functions significantly declined in FVC (42.34±13.6), FEV1 (45.55±15.98), PEFR (34.11±14.78) and FEF25-75% (45.56±23.00) for biomass fuel user. However, this is not true for FEV1/FVC ratio (107.56±16.9). The increase in PFT suggests the restrictive and obstructive patterns of pulmonary diseases. There was a negative correlation between increased duration of cooking and the value of FEV1/FVC (r = -0.2961), FEF25-75% (r = -0.3519) and PEFR (r = -0.2868). Thus, the deformation of pulmonary function due to extended exposure of biomass fuel for cooking women in rural Tamilnadu is shown using parameter features such as high exposure index, overcrowded area and improper ventilated houses.     

阿托伐他汀对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病继发肺动脉高压患者肺功能、血管内皮功能和炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)继发肺动脉高压(PH)患者肺功能、血管内皮功能和炎症因子的影响。方法:将我院于2017年3月～2019年9月收治的86例老年COPD继发PH患者按随机数表法分为对照组(n=43)和研究组(n=43),对照组给予常规治疗,研究组在其基础上联合使用阿托伐他汀治疗。比较两组患者治疗后临床疗效,治疗前后肺功能、血管内皮功能以及炎症因子水平,统计两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组患者临床总有效率为93.02%,显著高于对照组患者的76.74%(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后最大呼气峰流速(PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量之比(FEV_1/FVC)、一氧化氮(NO)均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。内皮素-1(ET-1)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)以及白介素-8(IL-8)较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗期间均未出现不良反应。结论:阿托伐他汀治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病继发肺动脉高压患者的疗效令人满意,可显著改善患者肺功能、血管内皮功能,减轻炎症反应,适于临床推广应用。     

桉柠蒎对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者肺功能及氧化应激的影响

目的:探讨桉柠蒎对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者肺功能及氧化应激的影响。方法:选取2010年9月-2017年6月在我院进行治疗的AECOPD患者126例,采用乱数表法将所有患者分为对照组和研究组各63例。对照组给予盐酸氨溴索口服溶液治疗,研究组给予桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后的用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)以及第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV%)、丙二醛(MDA)、8-异构前列腺素(8-isoprostane)水平,观察两组患者治疗过程中不良反应发生率。结果:研究组患者的总有效率为95.24%,高于对照组的82.54%(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前的FVC、FEV1、FEV%比较无统计学差异(P0.05),治疗28d后两组患者的FVC、FEV1、FEV%均明显上升,且研究组的FVC、FEV1、FEV%高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前的MDA、8-isoprostane比较无统计学差异(P0.05),治疗28d后两组患者的MDA、8-isoprostane明显下降(P0.05),治疗28d后研究组的MDA、8-isoprostane低于对照组(P0.05)。对照组不良反应发生率为7.94%(5/63),与研究组的6.35%(4/63)相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:桉柠蒎可明显改善AECOPD患者的肺功能和氧化应激,具有较好的临床疗效,且不良反应率低,值得临床推广应用。     

八段锦联合肺功能康复训练对慢性阻塞性肺病稳定期患者肺功能、运动耐力及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：观察肺功能康复训练联合八段锦对慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）稳定期患者运动耐力、肺功能及生活质量的影响。方法：选取80例COPD稳定期患者,纳入病例时间：2018年1月~2020年7月,采用随机数字表法分为观察组（肺功能康复训练联合八段锦,40例）、对照组（肺功能康复训练,40例）,干预6个月。对比两组干预前、干预6个月后的肺功能[用力肺活量（FVC）、1秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）]、运动耐力[6 min步行距离（6MWD）]及生活质量[世界卫生组织生存质量量表简表（WHOQOL-BREF）评分]、症状评分[改良英国医学研究学会呼吸困难量表（mMRC）评分、慢阻肺综合评估测试（CAT）评分]。结果：两组干预6个月后FVC、6MWD、FEV₁均较干预前升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预6个月后WHOQOL-BREF各维度评分较干预前升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后, 两组mMRC评分、CAT评分较干预前下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：肺功能康复训练联合八段锦干预COPD稳定期患者,可缓解其临床症状,提高肺部适应性,进而改善患者运动耐力及生活质量。     

肺通气功能程度与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者夜间低氧发生的相关性分析

目的:研究肺通气功能程度与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者夜间低氧发生的相关性。方法:选取2012年1月至2013年6月我院治疗的60例稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者,按肺通气功能分为轻度、中度、重度、极重度4组,每组15例,监测记录研究对象肺通气功能指标及夜间血氧指标,比较各组监测指标的差异,并分析其相关性。结果:不同病情程度COPD患者FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FVC、PEF、RV、RV/TLC、MsaO2、ODI、WsaO2、LsaO2、SIT90%有差异(P0.05);极重度和重度比较FEV1/FVC、FEV1、RV、MsaO2、ODI、WsaO2、LsaO2、SIT90%有差异(P0.05);极重度和中度比较FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FVC、PEF、RV、RV/TLC、MsaO2、ODI、WsaO2、LsaO2、SIT90%有差异(P0.05);极重度和轻度比较FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FVC、PEF、RV、RV/TLC、MsaO2、ODI、WsaO2、LsaO2、SIT90%有差异(P0.05);重度和中度比较FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FVC、PEF、RV/TLC、MsaO2有差异(P0.05);重度和轻度比较FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FVC、PEF、RV/TLC、MsaO2、ODI、LsaO2有差异(P0.05);中度和轻度比较FEV1/FVC、FEV1、FVC、PEF、ODI有差异(P0.05)。COPD患者的肺通气功能FEV1与MsaO2呈正相关(r=0.683,P0.05)。结论:肺通气功能程度与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者夜间低氧发生具有相关性。     

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity

The mouse is now the primary animal used to model a variety of lung diseases. To study the mechanisms that underlie such pathologies, phenotypic methods are needed that can quantify the pathologic changes. Furthermore, to provide translational relevance to the mouse models, such measurements should be tests that can easily be done in both humans and mice. Unfortunately, in the present literature few phenotypic measurements of lung function have direct application to humans. One exception is the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, which is a measurement that is routinely done in humans. In the present report, we describe a means to quickly and simply measure this diffusing capacity in mice. The procedure involves brief lung inflation with tracer gases in an anesthetized mouse, followed by a 1 min gas analysis time. We have tested the ability of this method to detect several lung pathologies, including emphysema, fibrosis, acute lung injury, and influenza and fungal lung infections, as well as monitoring lung maturation in young pups. Results show significant decreases in all the lung pathologies, as well as an increase in the diffusing capacity with lung maturation. This measurement of lung diffusing capacity thus provides a pulmonary function test that has broad application with its ability to detect phenotypic structural changes with most of the existing pathologic lung models.     

Technical note: fate and transport of jet fuel (JP-8) in soils with selected plants

Remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by leaking fuel storage tanks may be assisted by plants, although plant effects on abiotic and biotic removal processes remain unclear. The objectives of this study were to investigate abiotic and biotic removal of JP-8, a kerosene-based jet fuel, in soils with plants, and to determine the effects of plant-induced water movement. Loss of JP-8 in a dry-soil, control column was 25% after 5 months, primarily due to volatilization and gas-phase diffusion. By comparison, managed treatments with simulated surface spills averaged 86% mass reduction at 5 months, indicating an important contribution of biodegradation. Overall JP-8 mass reduction was similar in surface and subsurface-irrigated systems, indicating water content, not mode of water application, influences bioremediation in near-surface systems. The JP-8 concentration reductions in soil columns contaminated above a simulated watertable were 36% after 3 months and 50% after 12 months for vegetated columns compared to 26% and 34% in unplanted columns. Downward movement of JP-8 in unplanted columns was double that in planted columns. Near the groundwater table, JP-8 persists longer than near the soil surface. Plants promote upward movement of water and help draw spilled JP-8 to aerobic near-surface soil.     

胸腔镜食管癌切除术后肺部感染患者肺功能和炎症因子水平的关系研究

目的:研究胸腔镜食管癌切除术后肺部感染患者肺功能和炎症因子水平的关系。方法:选取2015年3月～2018年7月我院收治的食管癌患者120例为研究对象,将其以随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组。对照组予以传统开胸手术治疗,观察组则予以胸腔镜食管切除术治疗。分别比较两组术后肺部感染发生情况、手术前后肺功能以及炎症因子水平变化情况,并分析胸腔镜食管癌切除术后肺部感染患者肺功能与炎症因子的关系。结果:观察组患者术后肺部感染发生率为13.33%(8/60),低于对照组的36.67%(22/60),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后观察组用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。术后1 d、术后5 d观察组白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)以及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析可得:胸腔镜食管癌切除术后肺部感染患者FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC与IL-6、IL-10、CRP均呈负相关性(均P0.05)。结论:胸腔镜食管癌切除术可显著降低患者肺部感染发生风险,且术后肺部感染患者肺功能与炎症反应存在密切相关,降低术后肺部感染发生率的机制可能与减轻机体炎症反应有关。     

同型半胱氨酸相关性慢性阻塞性肺疾病临床研究进展

在世界慢性疾病中,慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)发病率和死亡率均较高,鉴于对患者生活造成严重伤害,越来越受到人们关注。同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteinemia,Hcy)对全身器官损害多有报道,随着研究的深入,Hcy目前对于肺部疾病的影响也受到重视。部分学者提出同型半胱氨酸可能是COPD发病机制中又一重要因素。Hcy在体内可以刺激产生大量的ROS和自由离子,并引起内皮细胞应激,还可降低肺脏内还原型谷胱甘肽含量。研究表明同型半胱氨酸水平在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中处于高表达状态,且其高表达水平与患者疾病的程度成相关性。本文将通过总结Hcy在肺脏及体内的代谢、各种应激反应等方面阑述同型半胱氨酸水平与COPD的相关性,并总结高水平的同型半胱氨酸相关的COPD治疗方法。     

舒利迭无创通气对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭患者肺功能及动脉血 气分析的影响

目的:探讨舒利迭联合无创通气对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并呼吸衰竭患者肺功能和动脉血气的影响。方法:选取2013年5月-2015年5月在我院接受治疗的COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者92例,根据治疗方法不同,将患者分为研究组和对照组。对照组患者给予控制感染、化痰、平喘等常规治疗,研究组在此基础上给予舒利迭无创通气治疗。采用血气分析仪检测两组患者治疗前后二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、血氧分压(PaO_2)及酸碱度(pH)等动脉血气指标。应用肺功能检测仪检测患者用力肺活量(FVC)、呼气高峰流量(PEFR)以及1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)等肺功能指标。结果:治疗前,两组患者PaCO_2,PaO_2,pH,FVC,PEFR及FEV1比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者PaCO_2较治疗前明显下降,而PaO_2与pH明显上升,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,研究组PaCO_2低于对照组,而PaO_2与pH高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者FVC,PEFR及FEV1明显上升,且研究组高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:舒利迭联合无创通气对COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者肺功能及动脉血气具有明显的改善作用,值得临床推广及应用。     

肺纤维化患者血清MicroRNA let-7、MicroRNA-29表达及其临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨肺纤维化患者血清MicroRNA let-7、MicroRNA-29表达及其临床意义。方法：收集2019年4月-2021年2月我院就诊的肺纤维化患者43例作为研究组,同时收集50例健康体检患者作为对照组。采用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测各组血清MicroRNA let-7、MicroRNA-29表达水平。采用Pearson相关分析研究组患者血清MicroRNA let-7、MicroRNA-29的表达水平与炎症指标、肺功能的相关性。应用ROC曲线分析血清MicroRNA let-7、MicroRNA-29表达水平对肺纤维化患者的预测诊断价值。结果：研究组患者肺功能指标一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量（FEV₁/FVC）、一氧化碳弥散量占预计值的百分比（DLco%pred）、动脉血氧分压（PaO₂）均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。研究组患者血清MicroRNA let-7、MicroRNA-29相对表达水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。研究组患者血清MicroRNA let-7、MicroRNA-29的表达水平与FEV₁/FVC、DLco%pred、PaO₂均呈正相关（P＜0.05）。血清MicroRNA let-7、MicroRNA-29及两者联合对肺纤维化患者诊断效能的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.743（95%CI:0.574-0.914）,0.761（95%CI:0.597-0.926）,0.848（95%CI:0.699-0.997）。血清MicroRNA let-7和MicroRNA-29联合应用对肺纤维化的诊断价值优于两者单一应用。结论：肺纤维化患者血清MicroRNA let-7、MicroRNA-29表达水平比正常人显著降低,且与肺功能指标呈正相关性,两者联合应用可提高预测诊断价值,可作为预测肺纤维化患者及其病情评估的生物学指标。     

异丙托溴铵与布地奈德对COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者MDA,SOD,GSH-Px水平及肺功能的影响

目的:探讨异丙托溴铵联合布地奈德对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者MDA、SOD、GSH-Px水平及肺功能的影响。方法:选取我院收治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者92例,分为对照组和实验组,每组各46例。对照组采用常规治疗,实验组在对照组基础上加用异丙托溴铵溶液联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后MDA、SOD及GSH-Px水平的变化情况以及肺功能和血气指标的改善情况。结果:与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后SOD、GSH-Px、FEV1、VC、Pa O2明显升高,而MDA、RV、TLC、Pa CO2明显降低(P0.05);与对照组比较,实验组治疗后SOD、GSH-Px、FEV1、VC、Pa O2明显升高,而MDA、RV、TLC、Pa CO2明显降低(P0.05)。结论:异丙托溴铵联合布地奈德能够改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的肺功能参数、血气指标和MDA、SOD、GSH-Px水平,增强机体抗氧化功能,提高临床疗效。     

支原体肺炎患儿细胞免疫功能及肺功能状态变化的临床研究

目的:研究支原体肺炎患儿细胞免疫及肺功能状态的变化情况。方法:选取2014年10月~2015年10月于本院进行诊治的68例支原体肺炎患儿为观察组,以同期68名体检健康儿童为对照组。观察并比较两组儿童的细胞免疫及肺功能,以及不同程度肺炎患儿的细胞免疫及肺功能指标。结果:观察组患儿细胞免疫指标及肺功能指标均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组重度肺炎患儿的细胞免疫指标及肺功能指标均低于中度及轻度患儿,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组中度肺炎患儿的细胞免疫指标及肺功能指标均低于轻度患儿,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:支原体肺炎患儿细胞免疫及肺功能呈异常状态,且不同严重程度肺炎患儿的差异明显。     

肺淋巴管平滑肌瘤病临床病理分析及文献复习

目的:探讨肺淋巴管平滑肌瘤病(PLAM)的临床和病理特征,提高对该病的认识。方法:对1例PLAM患者的临床特点、HE及免疫组化染色结果进行分析,并结合文献进行复习。结果:PLAM是一种持续发展的弥漫性肺疾病,几乎发生于育龄期妇女,主要临床症状为进行性呼吸困难、反复气胸及乳糜胸。病理特征显示未成熟平滑肌样细胞在细支气管壁、肺泡壁、淋巴管壁和血管壁周围增生。免疫组化染色显示增生PLAM细胞Desmin、SMA、Vimentin、HMB45均呈阳性表达,部分细胞ER及PR阳性。结论:PLAM在影像学与病理组织学上有特征性表现,免疫组化HMB-45阳性具特异性。由于肺部广泛病变,预后较差。对PLAM的发病机制和治疗的研究已有了一定的进展,但今后尚需更深入地研究。     

Temperature and respiratory function in ectothermic vertebrates

Pulmonary ventilation is adjusted to maintain balance between O₂ demands and CO₂ elimination, which is essential for acid–base status in land ectothermic vertebrates. Rising temperatures cause increases in O₂ consumption (Q₁₀ effect) and decreases in the O₂ affinity of hemoglobin (a rightward shift in the oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve). These changes in air-breathing ectotherms are not proportional, i.e., the increased ventilation is relatively smaller than the change in metabolic rate. Therefore, the ratio between ventilation and metabolic rate is reduced, and consequently blood pH changes inversely with temperature. The combination of high temperatures and hypoxia exposure results in an amplified increase of ventilation, which may be explained by the balance between increased O₂-demand and decreased O₂-supply as well as increased O₂-chemoreceptors sensitivity. High temperature also increases pulmonary diffusing capacity. Global warming is expected to have significant impacts on the world’s climate, with temperature changes affecting living organisms, in relation to their physiology and distribution. These physiological mechanisms and their capacity to respond appropriately to temperature illustrate the complexity of the relationship between ambient temperature and the respiratory function in ectothermic vertebrates, which are particularly susceptible to change in their environment.     

Focus: Rare Disease: Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis – A Review

Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare genetic disorder causing widespread deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals in the alveolar space. A hallmark of the disease is the discrepancy between perceived symptoms upon diagnosis compared with the extensive, sandstorm-like appearance of the microliths on chest X-ray or HRCT. Caused by a defective sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein due to loss-of-function variants of the SLC34A2 gene, PAM is an autosomal recessive transmitted disorder, and as such has a high correlation to consanguinity. The most common variants of the SLC34A2 gene are single nucleotide biallelic changes, but larger deletions are described. Initial suspicion of PAM on radiological examination should be followed by genetic testing to verify the diagnosis and identify the disease-causing variant. When not available, the diagnosis can be made by means of invasive techniques, such as transbronchial forceps or cryobiopsy, or a surgical lung biopsy. In families with a history of PAM, genetic counseling should be offered, as well as preimplantation/prenatal testing if necessary. As of writing this review, no definitive treatment exists, and PAM may in some cases progress to severe pulmonary disease with respiratory failure and potential death. Patients with PAM should be offered preventative and symptomatic treatments such as vaccinations and oxygen therapy when needed. In some cases, lung transplantation may be required.     

85例重症支原体肺炎患儿肺功能动态观察及临床意义

目的:分析85例小儿重症支原体肺炎(Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,MPP)肺功能指标动态变化情况,为临床上重症MPP的诊断和预后评估提供有效参考。方法:回顾性选取我院儿科接诊的重症MPP患儿85例为重症组,并选取基线资料差异不显著的轻症MPP患儿72例(轻症组)为研究对象。全部MPP患儿均行大环内酯类抗感染治疗,联合头孢曲松抗菌治疗,并予氨溴索祛痰等对症支持治疗,比较重症组与轻症组发病急性期与恢复期肺功能指标的变化。结果:(1)重症组在急性期大气道通气指标FVC、PEF、FEV1、FEV1/FVC表达量均显著低于轻症组(P0.05);重症组FVC、PEF、FEV1、FEV1/FVC在恢复期和轻症组无显著差异(P0.05);(2)重症组小气道通气指标FEF25、FEF50、FEF75、FEF25-75在各个时间节点均与轻症组有显著差异(P0.05)。结论:儿童重症MPP具有发病急性期大、小气道受损严重的特点,大气道在恢复期各项指标均接近正常,而小气道在恢复期各项指标仍处于异常表达的状态。肺功能指标的动态监测对重症MPP有一定临床意义。     

D-二聚体测定在慢性阻塞性肺疾病的疗效评价及预后意义的研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)是一种呼吸科常见病,其并发症多,病死率高。在慢阻肺急加重期,细胞因子、炎症介质及内毒素首先损伤血管内皮,引发全身凝血功能障碍和负氮平衡。作为体内高凝状态和纤溶亢进的分子标志物之一,D-二聚体是交联纤维蛋白在纤溶酶作用下产生的一种特异性降解产物,其反映继发性纤溶活性意义。多项研究表明,D-二聚体水平对慢阻肺的治疗效果的评价及预后有重要意义。本文将通过总结D-二聚体的结构及与吸烟、年龄、血气分析及肺功能等方面的关系来阐述D-二聚体与慢阻肺相关性,并总结D-二聚体相关的慢阻肺的治疗方法及其对慢阻肺预后方面的相关意义。