东北林业大学森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室简介

森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室(东北林业大学)成立于1992年。目前实验室拥有国家重点学科——植物学科和博士点学科——生物化学与分子生物学学科。实验室的主要研究方向是植物分子生态学、植物生理生态学、野生植物保护与利用、非线性生态学模型、植物次生代谢产物及其生物学研究。实验室已经建立了植物分子生态学、植物生理生态学和植物次生代谢产物等研究平台。实验室现有配套设施齐全的总面积为6286m2的“逸夫实验楼”一座及其附属用房和5个野外研究基地。本实验室现有科研人员42人,客座研究人员、博士后、博士和硕士研究生147人。实…     

非木材林产品的民族植物学研究进展

非木材林产品（NTFPs）是指从森林植被中采集的药材、食物（如野菜、野果等）、树脂树胶、纤维或其他非木材类产品,它们不仅为当地群众提供了食物、药材等日常生活必需品,而且也是许多地区原住民的重要经济收入来源。在收集整理相关国内外研究资料的基础上,从非木材林产品的集市民族植物学、非木材林产品的经济价值和对原住民经济收入的贡献、影响非木材林产品采集和利用的因素、非木材林产品采集对当地生物多样性的影响、原住民对非木材林产品的传统管理与保护等方面对近年来有关非木材林产品的民族植物学研究进展进行了综合评述,并对非木材林产品的民族植物学重点研究内容和方向提出了一些建议。     

植物多酚的定量分析方法和生态作用研究进展

植物多酚是植物体内最重要的次生代谢物质.由于其特殊的结构特征和生物学活性,植物体中多酚潜在的生态学意义受到广泛关注.本文综述了植物多酚在生态领域的研究进展,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望和预测;通过分析各种植物多酚的定性定量方法的优缺点,试图为研究植物多酚的非化学专业研究人员提供一些简单通用的分析方法.     

生态学的科学概念及其演变与当代生态学学科体系之商榷

生态学既是生物学的分支学科,也是环境科学、地球系统科学的重要组成部分,其研究成果可直接服务于植物、动物、微生物的生物多样性保护、生物资源利用及生物产业管理等应用领域.生态系统概念将经典生态学或者基础生态学研究扩展到了生态系统生态学或者生态系统科学的新阶段,奠定了大尺度及全球生态环境科学研究的理论基础,促进了生物学、地理...     

森林植物耐荫性及其形态和生理适应性研究进展

耐荫性是植物在低光环境下的生存和生长能力,对森林植物群落演替起重要作用,植物对遮荫的适应机制已成为生态学的研究热点.本文综述了森林植物的耐荫性及其在形态和生理方面的适应性,分析了森林植物在生长性状、生物量分配、树冠结构、叶片形态生理、叶片解剖结构、光合参数、碳水化合物分配、水分和养分的利用等方面对遮荫产生的可塑性响应,最后对目前研究存在的问题进行了分析,展望了未来的研究内容和方向.     

东北地区主要森林物种的分布区气候数据分析

在1981-1990年我国东北地区的主要森林物种兴安落叶松、白桦和红皮云杉的调查分布区域内气候数据的基础上,采用分区间统计及基于模糊邻近关系的分层聚类和聚类融合等理论和方法进行相关气候数据的特征分析,获得如下结论:这三个森林物种的生长期为5-9月份,而1-4月份与10-12月份为非生长期.这与这三个物种的生物学和生态学特征相吻合.与以往文献中用于物种分布预测的气候因子提取方法不同的是本文采用的方法完全依赖于预测物种在调查分布区内的气候数据,通过数据挖掘与数据处理而获得,而不是通过预测物种的生物学与生态学特征及其在分布区内的气候因子相关性分析得到.研究结论将为未来气候变化对东北地区森林物种分布预测影响的研究提供基础.     

中国森林附生维管植物多样性数据集

附生维管植物是热带、亚热带湿性山地森林植物群落中物种最为丰富的类群之一, 在维系森林生物多样性及生态系统功能与服务中发挥着重要作用, 然而附生维管植物调查相对困难, 在多样性调查和统计中往往被忽视, 迄今为止我国尚缺乏全国范围的森林附生维管植物名录。本项研究基于已公开发布的数据库, 搜集并整理了1982-2022年间的关于中国森林附生维管植物研究的文献书籍。首先, 提取文献资料中的有效信息, 依据物种2000中国节点的数据进行标准化校正, 整理出中国森林附生维管植物共计49科246属1,739种, 然后据此编写了相对准确、完整的中国森林附生维管植物物种名录。本名录作为我国第一个全国性森林附生维管植物名录, 可为森林生物多样性保护工作提供重要的数据支持, 并能为深入研究附生维管植物的进化生物学、生物地理学及宏观生态学等领域提供重要的基础信息。     

金属型植物的研究进展

金属型植物是治理和修复土壤重金属污染的理想材料.综述了金属型植物的耐性机理、生殖生物学及进化生态学方面的研究进展,并对目前研究中存在的问题进行了分析和展望.     

濒危植物明党参个体年龄非破坏性估测模型研究

探索了一种利用地上部性状以非破坏性途径估测濒危植物明党参（Changium smyrnioides Wolff)个体年龄的模型方法．首先利用根体积(Vt)与根体积年增长量(△V)的相关性,建立模型推断个体的年龄(t);进一步利用地上最大带柄叶长(L)和根体积(Vt)的相关性来估测个体年龄(t)该方法在种群年龄结构分析中十分有效,另外通过这些模型还可以初步判断出明党参根体积增长速度的转折点,因而具有重要的生物学意义．本方法对于植物生理生态学和种群生态学,特别对于难以估计年龄和不能大量破坏的多年生濒危植物的种群生态学研究具有重要意义。     

植物叶际固氮菌研究进展

固氮菌广泛存在于植物叶际,能固定空气中的氮气,满足自身或植物的部分氮素需求。基于纯种分离和培养的传统生物学方法已经研究了部分叶际固氮菌的特性,但对叶际固氮菌的物种组成、群落结构及生态功能等方面的认识还非常有限。随着分子生物学技术的发展、微生物分子生态学研究方法的逐步成熟,人们对叶际微生物的多样性和生态功能的研究越来越深入。叶际固氮菌具有丰富的多样性,温度、湿度、光照等环境因素及植物种类和微生物互作均会影响叶际固氮菌的组成。不同于根际固氮菌,叶际固氮菌具有非专一性,且不易受化肥的影响,其在农业生产上已经表现出潜在的应用价值。为此,本文综述了农作物、森林、海域生态系统中叶际固氮菌的群落结构组成及生态功能,以及外界因素对叶际固氮系统的影响。     

Indigenous Children’s Knowledge About Non-timber Forest Products in Suriname

Childhood and adolescence are important life stages for the acquisition of knowledge about non-timber forest products (NTFPs). We show at which stage in life traditional plant knowledge is learned and analyze whether cross-cultural ethnobotanical knowledge transmission takes place. We evaluate whether the degree of forest dependency influences ethnobotanical knowledge by comparing two indigenous communities in Suriname. Traditional knowledge was documented and vouchers collected during forest walks with adult informants. Questionnaires were completed by 74 schoolchildren (age 4 to 14) to capture their knowledge of names and uses of nine important NTFPs. We tested for knowledge differences by ethnicity and NTFP categories. Local names for NTFPs were analyzed to determine cross-cultural transmission of ethnobotanical knowledge. Children from the forest-dependent Trio community (n?=?23) possessed similar knowledge of NTFPs as their more urbanized peers from Apoera (n?=?51). NTFP uses were acquired at an earlier age than plant names. Food and commercial NTFP uses were better known than medicinal plant uses. Cross-cultural transfer of knowledge occurred between the two communities. NTFP knowledge of children appeared to be influenced more by the time they spent within the forest, either walking to school or walking to agricultural plots, than by the level of forest dependency or acculturation.     

Tree population studies in low-diversity forests, Guyana. II. Assessments on the distribution and abundance of non-timber forest products

Comparisons between two forest localities were undertaken to assess the potential availability of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) within the low-diversity forests of Guyana. Information on the abundance and distribution of tree species, and local and national ethnobotanical surveys were used classifying species into five categories (timber, construction, technological, edible and medicinal). A total of 152 species were recorded from the two localities; covering 236 different uses, 33 known commercial timber species and 106 species with potential non-timber product utilization. The most important plant families with the highest number of uses at both localities were Leguminosae (sub-families Caesalpinioideae and Mimosoideae), Arecaceae, Bombacaceae and Chrysobalanaceae, although these families were not the most abundant families at both localities. At both forest localities eight tree species represented over 50% of all the trees. At Kurupukari three species, each with more than three identified NTFPs, represented over 20% of the trees.Potential utilization of NTFPs are discussed in accordance with species richness, tree density, the number of different uses per species, and the percentage of trees represented by each utilizable species. Considering the constraints on the future potential commercialization of NTFPs, two scenarios for the extraction of NTFPs are discussed. Within relatively species-rich forest types the high diversity of products provides potentially viable multiple-species extractionism. In contrast, in low-diversity forest types, typical of the Guiana Shield, one or two NTFP species frequently represent over 50% of the canopy trees, and therefore substantially increase the potential sustainable extraction for single-species harvesting. It is suggested that these low-diversity types of forest are prioritized for conservation on the basis of ensuring future utilization, refuge, of non-timber forest products.     

Legal and Administrative Regulation of Palms and Other NTFPs in Colombia,Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) derived from palms and other plants are economically and culturally important to a large part of the more than 240 million people who live in the forest areas of developing countries. The sustainable extraction of NTFPs is increasingly regarded as an important part for forest conservation strategies. This paper provides an overview and comparison of existing statutory legislation with respect to the extraction and trade of NTFPs in four Andean countries and discusses its adequacy with respect to ensuring legal and sustainable extraction and trade of NTFPs. The related legal framework surrounding indigenous peoples’ rights, traditional knowledge and access to genetic resources is also reviewed. Forest laws are primarily concerned with the regulation of timber. Hence, legal and administrative frameworks to regulate the extraction and trade of NTFPs are fragmented and ambiguous. By providing an overview over the existing legal situation, this paper seeks to inform and open debates about ways to improve the regulation of the extraction and trade of NTFPs in the region.     

The faint promise of a distant market: a survey of Belém's trade in non-timber forest products

Increased trade in non-timber forest products (NTFPs) has been promoted as one possible means to slow tropical deforestation by increasing the economic value of intact forest. A market survey of NTFPs occurring in the Capim River basin in eastern Amazonia, Brazil demonstrated that the reality for many smallholder communities in frontier and remote regions includes chronic transportation difficulties, high variability in fruit production, perishable products and lack of market expertise. In some communities, declining abundance of NTFPs due to logging and fire has resulted in a lack of forest products to even meet subsistence needs. In areas close to cities where transportation is assured and where forest clearing has eroded the natural occurrence of some valuable native NTFPs, smallholders who manage and successfully market native fruit and medicinal species are overcoming these obstacles. In frontier regions undergoing rapid transformation, however, decline in locally used and regionally marketed NTFPs currently pose detrimental consequences for communities. Findings suggest that an overemphasis on NTFP marketing has diverted attention from local livelihood, resource access and subsistence issues.     

Seasonal relation of NTFPs and socio-economic indicators to the household income of the forest-fringe communities of Jaldapara National Park

For India's forest-dependent communities, Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are a major source of income and survival. NTFPs collection and their varieties differ season to season. However, little attention has been given on the income variation according to the seasons and various socio-economic factors influencing it. The present study examined the household income of the forest dwelling communities from NTFPs and their relation to the time spent for its collection in three different seasons i.e., summer, winter and rainy. We interviewed randomly selected families of the forest-dependent communities living in the forest fringe areas of Jaldapara National Park (JNP), West Bengal state of India located in the Eastern Himalayas using a semi-structured questionnaire. The average annual household income of the communities was greatly affected by NTFPs obtained during the rainy season. The majority of the households supplemented their total annual household income through NTFPs (1–20% of total family income annually). In the rainy season, the majority of the respondents (75%) spent 1–10 days for NTFPs collection, the time spent significantly influenced their household income. Furthermore, we found that socio-economic variables such as age, education, and family size have an effect on total annual household income from NTFPs. The other variable also influenced the family income is time spent, in terms of number of days expended in NTFP collection during summer and winter seasons. The study affirms the contribution of NTFPs in family income is strongly determined by the period spent in the collection, which also varies with season and socio-economic variables of the inhabitants.     

Nontimber forest product extraction, utilization and valuation: A case study from the Nilgiri Biosphere reserve, southern India

We evaluated the diversity, social, and economic aspects of nontimber forest product (NTFP) collection in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), in southern India. The NBR is a region known for its floral andfaunal diversity, as well as an area with increasing human pressure. Fifty to 75% of the households (HH) in rural areas gather a diversity of forest products. Dominant NTFPs contributed 25–60% of the average annual per capita household income from NTFPs. The mean annual per capita household income from NTFPs ranges between Rs. 134 and Rs. 4955. The mean annual income per hectare ranges from Rs. 93 in the montane zone to Rs. 3780 in the moist deciduous. NTFPs contribute 15–50% of the annual per capita income of rural households. Ethnicity plays an important role in the collection of NTFPs and ethnic tribes derive a large proportion of their annual per capita income from NTFPs.     

Assessing the Effects of Multiple Stressors on the Recruitment of Fruit Harvested Trees in a Tropical Dry Forest,Western Ghats,India

The harvest of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), together with other sources of anthropogenic disturbance, impact plant populations greatly. Despite this, conservation research on NTFPs typically focuses on harvest alone, ignoring possible confounding effects of other anthropogenic and ecological factors. Disentangling anthropogenic disturbances is critical in regions such as India’s Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot with high human density. Identifying strategies that permit both use and conservation of resources is essential to preserving biodiversity while meeting local needs. We assessed the effects of NTFP harvesting (fruit harvest from canopy and lopping of branches for fruit) in combination with other common anthropogenic disturbances (cattle grazing, fire frequency and distance from village), in order to identify which stressors have greater effects on recruitment of three tropical dry forest fruit tree species. Specifically, we assessed the structure of 54 populations of Phyllanthus emblica, P. indofischeri and Terminalia chebula spread across the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats to ask: (1) How are populations recruiting? and (2) What anthropogenic disturbance and environmental factors, specifically forest type and elevation, are the most important predictors of recruitment status? We combined participatory research with an information-theoretic model-averaging approach to determine which factors most affect population structure and recruitment status. Our models illustrate that for T. chebula, high fire frequency and high fruit harvest intensity decreased the proportion of saplings, while lopping branches or stems to obtain fruit increased it. For Phyllanthus spp, recruitment was significantly lower in plots with more frequent fire. Indices of recruitment of both species were significantly higher for plots in more open-canopy environments of savanna woodlands than in dry forests. Our research illustrates an approach for identifying which factors are most important in limiting recruitment of NTFP populations and other plant species that may be in decline, in order to design effective management strategies.     

Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India. 4. impact on floristic diversity and population structure in a thorn scrub forest

Impact of extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) was analyzed in a thorn scrub forest in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) wildlife sanctuary, India. Six species are most commonly extracted from BRT scrub for subsistence and income generation by an aboriginal tribe, the Soliga. Although the forest has been provided protection from indiscriminate felling since 1978 under a wildlife sanctuary cover, changes in vegetation structure are still occurring as a consequence of anthropogenic pressure in the form of extraction of fuelwood and other NTFPs. The results indicate that large woody species are being replaced by small woody species. The population structure also is becoming increasingly skewed to the smaller size classes due to extraction-bound mortality of the individuals, particularly those>7 cm dbh and above. The data suggest that the scrub community itself may be a manifestation of long persisting anthropogenic pressure in the form of extraction of a variety of forest products, and it currently represents a downward transition from a deciduous forest to a shrub thicket.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased early growth of two nontimber forest product species Dyera polyphylla and Aquilaria filaria under greenhouse conditions

Nontimber forest products (NTFPs) represent an important source of income to millions of people in tropical forest regions, but some NTFP species have decreased in number and become endangered due to overexploitation. There is increasing concern that the planting stocks of Dyera polyphylla and Aquilaria filaria are not sufficient to sustain the yield of NTFPs and promote forest conservation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus clarum and Gigaspora decipiens, on the early growth of two NTFP species, D. polyphylla and A. filaria, under greenhouse conditions. The seedlings of both species were inoculated with G. clarum or G. decipiens, or uninoculated (control) under greenhouse conditions. Percentage of AM colonization, plant growth, survival rate, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were measured after 180 days of growth. The percentage of AM colonization of D. polyphylla and A. filaria ranged from 87 to 93% and from 22 to 39%, respectively. Colonization by G. clarum and G. decipiens increased plant height, diameter, and shoot and root dry weights. Shoot N and P concentrations of the seedlings were increased by AM colonization by as much as 70–153% and 135–360%, respectively. Survival rates were higher in the AM-colonized seedlings at 180 days after transplantation than in the control seedlings. The results suggest that AM fungi can accelerate the establishment of the planting stocks of D. polyphylla and A. filaria, thereby promoting their conservation ecologically and sustaining the production of these NTFPs economically.