粗根荨麻水提取部分对佐剂性关节炎大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌TNF—α及PGE2的影响

观察滇产粗根荨麻水提取部分对佐剂性关节炎(adjuvant arthritis,AA)大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(peritoneal macrophages,PMcp)分泌肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)及前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)的影响.建立大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型,Ur水提取部分连续灌胃给药14或21 d后分次获取大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,脂多糖(lipopolysacehafide,LPS)诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,用酶联免疫吸附法检测培养上清液中TNF-α及PGE2水平.从大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNF-α及PGE2分泌较正常组升高,Ur水提取部分(400,200 mg/kg)对LPS诱导的AA大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α及PGE2水平有明显抑制作用.滇产粗根荨麻水提取部分对佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用可能与其抑制腹腔巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α及PGE2有关.     

滇产粗根荨麻不同提取部位的镇痛抗炎作用研究

为探讨滇产粗根荨麻不同部位的镇痛抗炎活性,并作有效部位筛选,本文采用醋酸扭体法和角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀模型筛选有效部位.正丁醇部分(200 mg/kg)对醋酸诱发小鼠扭体有抑制作用与空白及溶媒对照组比较(P＜0.05);水部分(100,200,400 mg/kg)对角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀有明显抑制作用,与空白及溶媒对照组比较(P＜0.01);正丁醇部分(400 mg/kg)可减轻角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀,与空白及溶媒对照组比较(P＜0.05).滇产粗根荨麻正丁醇部分有一定的镇痛抗炎作用,水部分具较强抗炎作用.     

粗根荨麻水提取物的抗炎、镇痛作用实验研究

采用角叉菜胶大鼠致炎模型,醋酸扭体法、福尔马林致痛试验对粗根荨麻水提取物的抗炎、镇痛作用进行了研究。结果显示粗根荨麻水提取物可抑制角又菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀;并能明显抑制醋酸所致的小鼠扭体数,显著减少福尔马林致痛试验后期小鼠舔足行为。表明粗根荨麻水提取物具有一定的抗炎、镇痛作用。     

蜜环菌提取物对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的治疗作用

本文通过对佐剂性关节炎大鼠原发性和继发性足肿胀度的测量、全身关节炎指数评分、体重及体态变化、免疫脏器指数、炎性踝关节切片的形态以及血清中肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6、前列腺素E2、一氧化氮和一氧化氮合成酶等指标来考察蜜环菌Armillaria mellea的5个不同提取物对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的影响及作用机理。结果表明,蜜环菌甲醇提取物对原发性和继发性足肿胀有明显的抑制;甲醇组能明显抑制佐剂性关节炎大鼠脾脏和胸腺萎缩,并能抑制血清中肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6和前列腺素E2的分泌,抑制大鼠踝关节炎细胞的形成。因此蜜环菌提取物中甲醇提取物对佐剂性关节炎大鼠治疗效果最显著。     

新疆圆柏总黄酮对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的防治作用

利用弗氏完全佐剂(FCA)诱导的佐剂性关节炎(AA)模型对新疆圆柏总黄酮(JSTF)的抗炎作用进行研究。致炎前预防性给予JSTF后,AA大鼠急性期足肿胀的趋势有一定的改善,其血清IL-1β和TNF-α水平也显著降低(P0.05)。炎症继发期预防给药后,JSTF不同剂量组均可不同程度抑制大鼠皮肤的红斑、溃烂和降低外周血中TNF-α水平(P0.05),且高剂量组能明显降低关节炎指数(AI)(P0.05),并呈剂量-效应关系。炎症继发期治疗给药后,各给药组大鼠皮肤出现皱褶,皮肤色泽由暗红色变为正常,肿胀消退,继发侧的肿胀和红斑也有明显改善;与模型组比较,各组大鼠的AI值有明显的下降(P0.05),其中高、低剂量组还能显著降低TNF-α水平(P0.05)。结果表明JSTF对大鼠佐剂性关节炎具有一定的预防和治疗作用。     

极低频磁场对大鼠急性和慢性关节炎影响的研究

目的：探讨极低频磁场对大鼠急性和慢性关节炎模型的影响。方法：大鼠足内皮下注射角叉菜胶建立急性关节炎模型,磁场分别暴露6h和8h,注射弗氏完全佐剂建立慢性关节炎模型,磁场暴露7d,每天6h,观察炎症肿胀和炎性细胞因子的改变情况。结果：急性和慢性关节炎大鼠经过不同时间的磁场暴露后,踝关节和足垫肿胀均有不同程度的减轻,急性模型暴露6h和慢性模型血清和关节液的细胞因子均无改变,急性模型暴露8h血清IL-6,关节浸液IL-6和TNF-α均比对照组降低,其余指标无变化,但是有下降的趋势。结论：极低频磁场对急性和慢性关节炎肿胀有抑制作用,每天暴露8h可以部分抑制细胞因子的产生,但其详细机制还有待于进一步研究。     

眼镜蛇毒抗风湿性关节炎的药理研究

本文报导了眼镜蛇毒抗风湿性关节炎实验研究,对大鼠佐剂性关节炎所致的足肿胀有明显的预防和治疗作用;对治疗鸡蛋清、甲醛所致的大鼠关节炎疗效显著,与阳性对照无显著差异;对抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿的生长中剂量组治疗效果优于阳性对照,与对照组相比（Ｐ＜０．００１）;且有降低毛细血管通透性作用（Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

竹节参培养细胞提取的竹节参总皂苷对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的抑制作用

为了探讨竹节参培养细胞所提取的竹节参总皂苷对大鼠佐剂性炎症的治疗效果,利用雄性AA大鼠构建病理模型,通过致炎前和致炎后口服给药,研究了竹节参总皂苷对于大鼠原发性以及继发性佐剂性关节炎的预防和治疗效果。实验结果表明,从竹节参培养细胞中分离到的竹节参总皂苷能够预防和显著减轻AA大鼠佐剂性关节炎的原发性病变;竹节参总皂苷也能够很好地减轻和治疗AA大鼠佐剂性关节炎的继发性病变。竹节参总皂苷的有效剂量为35～140 mg/kg。实验证明,从竹节参培养细胞中提取的竹节参总皂苷与天然竹节参提取物一样均具有良好的抗炎作用。     

宽筋藤对类风湿性关节炎模型大鼠踝关节组织病理学的影响

为了观察宽筋藤对弗氏完全佐剂(CFA)诱导的佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠踝关节组织病理改变的影响,除正常组外,其余各组大鼠足跖皮内注射CFA致AA大鼠模型,将模型大鼠随机分成模型组、宽筋藤高剂量组、宽筋藤中剂量组、宽筋藤低剂量组、阳性药物组,灌胃给药20 d,观察各组大鼠继发侧足爪肿胀度及踝关节滑膜、软骨、关节腔、周围软组织炎症反应等组织病理改变情况,进行综合评分。实验结果表明,与模型组比较,宽筋藤能减轻AA大鼠关节肿胀程度,并显著抑制炎症细胞的浸润和滑膜增生以及血管翳的形成,减轻软骨及骨质损伤程度(P0.05或P0.01)。实验证明,宽筋藤可显著改善AA大鼠关节组织病理改变。     

旋转恒定磁场对类风湿关节炎大鼠血清铁的影响

目的:以类风湿关节炎SD大鼠为模型,观察旋转恒定磁场对类风湿关节(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)模型大鼠的治疗效果及对血清铁的影响。方法:用乳化剂天然牛胶原蛋白Ⅱ加完全弗氏佐剂法建立RA大鼠模型。将RA大鼠随机分为对照组、磁场强度是0.4T,频率分别为6.72Hz和8.97Hz的曝磁组,每天曝磁两次,每次2 h,曝磁过程中每天观察大鼠关节肿胀程度,30 d后测定血清铁状态及转铁蛋白和转铁蛋白受体含量。结果:曝磁组RA大鼠关节的肿胀程度显著减小,由严重肿胀且不能负重变为中度肿胀或轻度肿胀,且血清中转铁蛋白和转铁蛋白受体含量有显著的增加,血清铁升高。结论:磁场对类风湿关节炎大鼠有治疗作用,对RA大鼠铁吸收有促进作用。     

Treatment of experimental adjuvant arthritis with the combination of methotrexate and lyophilized Enterococcus faecium enriched with organic selenium

The efficacy of combination therapy with methotrexate (MTX) and probiotic bacteriaEnterococcus faecium enriched with organic selenium (EFSe) in rats with adjuvant arthritis was determined. Rats with adjuvant arthritis were given MTX (0.3 mg/kg 2-times weekly, orally); lyophilizedE. faecium enriched with Se (15 mg/kg, 5 d per week, orally); and a combination of MTX plus EFSe for a period of 50 d from the immunization. Levels of serum albumin, serum nitrite/nitrate concentrations, changes in hind paw swellling, arthrogram score, bone erosions, whole body bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were assayed in the rats as variables of inflammation and destructive arthritis-associated changes. Treatment with MTX and with the combination MTX+EFSe significantly inhibited markers of both inflammation and arthritis. Significant differences in favor of combination therapy with MTX+EFSe as compared to MTX alone were seen in serum albumin concentration, hind paw swelling and arthrogram score. Reductions in radiographic scores were also more pronounced in the combination therapy group. Combination therapy, but not MTX alone, inhibited the reduction of BMD and BMC; treatment with lyophilized EFSe alone had no significant effect on adjuvant arthritis in rats. The potent therapeutic effect of low dosage MTX therapy in combination with lyophilized EFSe on adjuvant arthritis in rats was shown.     

Boswellic acids and glucosamine show synergistic effect in preclinical anti-inflammatory study in rats

The present study revealed the synergistic effect of boswellic acid mixture (BA) and glucosamine for anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities in rats. Two studies were conducted, that is, acute anti-inflammatory by carrageenan edema and chronic anti-arthritic by Mycobacterium-induced developing arthritis. Five groups of animals were included in each of the study: the vehicle control, positive control (ibuprofen 100mg/kg), boswellic acids (250 mg/kg), glucosamine (250 mg/kg) and a combination of boswellic acids (125 mg/kg) and glucosamine (125 mg/kg). BA when administered at 250 mg/kg in rats, carrageenan-induced paw edema and Mycobacterium-induced developing arthritis were significantly inhibited. In comparison to boswellic acids, glucosamine when administered at 250 mg/kg showed a mild effect in carrageenan-induced edema and moderate inhibition of paw swelling against developing arthritis. Although the combination of boswellic acids and glucosamine did not affect the acute inflammation to a greater extent yet a significant anti-arthritic activity was observed in rats. In conclusion, a synergistic effect was observed in chronic inflammatory conditions when two chemical entities were administered in combination in preclinical study.     

Edema induced by Bothrops asper (Squamata: Viperidae) snake venom and its inhibition by Costa Rican plant extracts

We tested the capacity of leaf (Urera baccifera, Loasa speciosa, Urtica leptuphylla, Chaptalia nutans, and Satureja viminea) and root (Uncaria tomentosa) extracts to inhibit edema induced by Bothrops asper snake venom. Edema-forming activity was studied plethysmographically in the rat hind paw model. Groups of rats were injected intraperitoneally with various doses of each extract and, one hour later, venom was injected subcutaneously in the right hind paw. Edema was assessed at various time intervals. The edematogenic activity was inhibited in those animals that received an injection U. tomentosa, C. nutans or L. speciosa extract. The extract of U. baccifera showed a slight inhibition of the venom effect. Extract from S. viminea and, to a lesser extent that of U. leptuphylla, induced a pro-inflammatory effect, increasing the edema at doses of 250 mg/kg at one and two hours.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of shikonin derivatives from Arnebia hispidissima.

Arnebia hispidissima ethanolic extract, after chromatography, yielded a number of shikonin derivatives, which were identified as arnebin-5, arnebin-6, teracryl shikonin, arnebinone and acetyl shikonin. All these compounds were firstly reported from this plant species and evaluated to the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract and isolated shikonin derivatives, models with carrageenan-induced paw edema and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic arthritis in rats were conducted. The observed results indicated that pre-treatment with arnebinone significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced paw edema and also suppressed the development of chronic arthritis induced by CFA.     

Reexamination of the difference in susceptibility to adjuvant-induced arthritis among LEW/Crj, Slc/Wistar/ST and Slc/SD rats.

The present investigations were performed to assess the differences among rat colonies commonly used for neurophysiological research regarding the development of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. Inflammatory signs including edema in the paw fluctuated remarkably among individual Wistar (Slc/Wistar/ST) and Sprague-Dawley (Slc/SD) rats, while the inflammatory signs of Lewis (LEW/Crj) rats appeared earlier and was severer and more consistent than Slc/Wistar/ST and Slc/SD rats. Edema in the hind paw developed in 100% of LEW/Crj rats with the lowest dose of CFA (0.6 mg/rat) used as compared with 64% of Slc/Wistar/ST (CFA 1 mg/rat) and 38% of Slc/SD rats (CFA 1.2 mg/rat). Retardation of weight gain was observed in Slc/Wistar/ST and Slc/SD rats in contrast to a severe weight decrease in inflamed LEW/Crj rats after the development of arthritis.     

Therapeutic effects of standardized Vitex negundo seeds extract on complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis in rats

The seeds of Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae) have been commonly used as a folk remedy for the treatment of rheumatism and joint inflammation in Traditional Chinese Medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of the extract of V. negundo seeds (EVNS) using Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis (AA) in rat model. As a result, EVNS, with abundant phenylnaphthalene-type lignans, significantly inhibited the paw edema, decreased the arthritis score and spleen index, and reversed the weight loss of CFA-injected rats. Histopathological studies showed a marked decrease of synovial inflammatory infiltration and synovial lining hyperplasia in the joints of EVNS-treated animals. The remarkable decrement of serum inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) were observed in EVNS-treated rats, whereas, IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was found to be significantly increased by EVNS. The expressions of COX-2 and 5-LOX in PBMC were also inhibited by administration of EVNS. Our results demonstrated that V. negundo seeds possessed potential therapeutic effect on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats by decreasing the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and increasing that of IL-10 in serum as well as down-regulating the levels of COX-2 and 5-LOX, and therefore may be an effective cure for the treatment of human rheumatoid arthritis.     

Treatment of adjuvant-induced arthritis with the combination of methotrexate and probiotic bacteria <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> O83 (Colinfant®)

A certain relationship was observed between the gastrointestinal system, arthritis and immune system. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have an altered microflora composition and disturbed intestinal defensive barrier. Effect of probiotic bacteria (Colinfant®; COL) with known favorable effect on intestinal microflora was determined on the methotrexate (MTX) treatment of adjuvant arthritis. Rats with adjuvant arthritis were administered methotrexate 0.5 mg/kg body mass 2-times weekly per os, COL 1 mL/kg body mass every second day per os, and a combination of MTX+COL for a period of 28 d from the immunization. Levels of serum albumin, body mass, changes in hind paw swelling, and arthrogram score were estimated in rats as variables of inflammation and destructive arthritis-associated changes. Treatment with MTX, as well as with the combination treatment with MTX+COL significantly inhibited both inflammation and destructive arthritis-associated changes. The combination treatment inhibited both the hind paw swelling and arthrogram score more remarkably than MTX alone; on the other hand, the difference between combination treatment and MTX alone was not significant. Treatment with COL alone had no effect on adjuvant arthritis in rats. Colinfant® can increase the preventive effect of MTX treatment in rat adjuvant arthritis by improving its antiarthritic effects.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts of five Costa Rican medicinal plants in Sprague-Dawley rats

The anti-inflammatory properties of Loasa speciosa and Loasa triphylla (Loasaceae), Urtica leptuphylla and Urera baccifera (Urticaceae), and Chaptalia nutans (Asteracene) were studied using the carregeenan induced rat paw edema model. Aqueous extracts of each plant were made according to the ethnobotanical use. The hippocratic assay was made with female rats; the dose used was 500 mg/kg i.p. and the control group received 0.5 ml of n.s.s.. All the animals treated showed hypothermia, and those treated with the extracts of Chaptalia nutans, Urera baccifera and Urtica leptuphylla showed an increased colinergic activity. Acute toxicities of the aqueous extracts were studied in mice an the mean lethal doses ranged between 1.0226 and 1.2022 g/kg. The extracts of Urera baccifera, Chaptalia nutans, Loasa speciosa and Loasa triphylla (500 mg/kg i.p.) showed an anti-inflammatory activity comparable with that of indomethacin. The extracts of U. baccifera and C. nutans, which showed the greatest anti-inflammatory activity, did not show it when used orally (500 mg/kg p.o.).     

Anti-inflammatory activity of Urera baccifera (Urticaceae) in Sprague-Dawley rats

On a preliminary test, anti-inflammatory and analgesic dose-related activities on rats were observed for the aqueous fraction of Urera baccifera; this extract was bioassay-guided fractionated and the final aqueous fraction was used according the ethnobotanical use. Carrageenan-induced edema (n = 6), was used as an assay in the fractionating process. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of the final aqueous fraction were studied using in vivo models. For the anti-inflammatory activity rat paw edema (n = 6), pleurisy induced by carrageenan (n = 6) and ear edema induced by topical croton oil (n = 6) models were used, and tail-flick test (n = 6), abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid (n = 6), and formalin test (n = 6), were used for the antinociceptive activity. The tests performed showed an inhibition effect on leukocyte migration, and a reduction on pleural exudate, as well as dose-dependant peripheral analgesic activity, at a range of 25-100 mg/kg i.p. The final aqueous fraction contains most of the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant U. baccifera. A possible mechanism of action is discussed and based on the results we conclude that this plant has a potential for both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity at the clinical level.