家蝇幼虫抗菌肽MDL-3分子结构的荧光特性

研究了家蝇幼虫抗菌肽MDL-3的荧光光谱和淬灭剂对内源性荧光的影响.家蝇幼虫抗菌肽MDL-3在280nm波长的激发光时,荧光光谱为Tyr残基和Trp残基共同提供,KI不能淬灭抗菌肽MDL-3的Trp残基的荧光,而Acr只能淬灭71%(f=0.71)的抗菌肽MDL-3中的Trp残基的荧光,说明Trp残基不是位于抗菌肽分子的表面,而是位于分子的内部.     

氨基酸修饰及荧光光谱分析研究黄花石蒜凝集素生物学活性与构象的关系

本文通过对黄花石蒜凝集素(Lycoris aurea Agglutinin,LAA)进行特殊氨基酸的化学修饰,显示一个LAA分子一共有8个色氨酸分子,其中有3个位于分子表面或近表面,Trp、Tyr和Ser/Thr不是LAA凝集活性所必需的氨基酸,而Asp/Glu的羧基和凝血活性密切相关,对其修饰后导致凝血活性丧失50%.通过荧光淬灭的方法对LAA分子中色氨酸所处微环境进行了研究.结果显示中性淬灭剂丙烯酰胺对LAA分子中色氨酸的淬灭作用最强可以淬灭100%的色氨酸荧光,其次是离子型淬灭剂碘化钾,能淬灭62.9%的色氨酸荧光,而氯化铯对LAA色氨酸的淬灭最弱,几乎不能淬灭LAA的荧光.     

白茯苓凝集素的荧光光谱研究

白茯苓凝集素（ＳＬＬ）分子中含有４个色氨酸（Ｔｒｐ）残基,ＮＢＳ修饰测得这４个Ｔｒｐ残基位于分子表面。ＳＬＬ在天然状态下荧光发射峰位于３３５ｎｍ处,离子强度和温度对其荧光光谱均无明显的影响。ＮＢＳ修饰后的ＳＬＬ失去凝血活性,相应荧光光谱的强度减弱,荧光发射峰发生蓝移,提示ＳＬＬ的构象发生改变。用ＫＩ·ＣｓＣｌ和丙烯酰胺淬灭剂研究ＳＬＬ分子中Ｔｒｐ残基的微环境,发现丙烯酰胺和ＣｓＣｌ能淬灭分子中１００％和５０％的Ｔｒｐ残基的荧光,而ＫＩ完全不能淬灭ＳＬＬ分子中Ｔｒｐ残基的荧光,因此Ｔｒｐ残基周围存在阴离子区,或者Ｔｒｐ残基处于分子表面的疏水环境中。     

油麻藤凝集素的荧光光谱研究

用化学修饰、内源荧光和荧光淬灭等方法研究了油麻藤凝集素（ＭＳＬ）的溶液构象变化和微环境的构象特征。研究发现ＭＳＬ分子中总共有９个色氨酸（Ｔｒｐ）残基,它们的荧光能被丙烯酰胺淬灭,但不易为ＫＩ接近而淬灭,ＭＳＬ经Ｎ－溴代琥珀酰亚胺（ＮＢＳ）修饰后,其内源性荧光发射谱发生相应变化,结果表明ＭＳＬ分子中部分Ｔｒｐ残基埋藏于分子内部,而位于分子表面的Ｔｒｐ残基可能处于分子的疏水袋中。     

油麻藤凝集素的荧光光谱研究

用化学修饰,内源荧光和荧光淬灭等方法研究了油麻藤集素（ＭＳＬ）的溶液的象变化和微环境的构象特征,研究发现ＭＳＬ分子中总共有９个色氨酸（Ｔｒｐ）残基,它们的荧光能被丙烯酰胺淬灭,但不易为ＫＩ接近而淬灭,ＭＳＬ经Ｎ－溴化琥珀酰亚胺（ＮＢＳ）修饰后,其内源性荧光发射谱发生相应变化,结果表明ＭＳＬ分子中部分Ｔｒｐ残基埋藏于分子内部,而位于分子表面的Ｔｒｐ残基可能处于分子的疏水袋中。     

天花粉凝集素的荧光光谱研究

天花粉凝集素在天然状态下荧光发射峰位于３３２ｎｍ处,以丙烯酰胺,ＫＩ及ＣｓＣ１等淬灭剂研究ＴＫＬ分子中Ｔｒｐ残基的微环境,发现只有丙烯酰胺能淬灭ＴＫＬ分子Ｔｒｐ的荧光,同此推断大部分的Ｔｒｐ残基位于ＴＫＬ分子内部,其荧光不易为Ｉ＾－或Ｃｓ＾＋接近而淬灭。疏水探针ＴＮＳ能够检测到ＴＫＬ中疏水微区的存在,并且这一疏水微区亦不同于ＴＫＬ的半乳糖结合位点,ＴＫＬ中不存在金属离子的结合部位。     

荧光探针Bis-ANS和磷酸丙糖异构酶的相互作用

研究了极性荧光探针Bis-ANS和磷酸丙糖异构酶的相互作用。我们发现由磷酸丙糖异构酶(TIM)中Trp残基和结合在TIM分子上的Bis-ANS之间的能量传递引起的Trp残基荧光的淬灭呈双相性,表明Bis-ANS在TIM分子上可能有2个不相同的结合位点,其结合的解离平衡常数Kd分别为3.3μM和17.0μM。底物GDP引起已结合的Bis-ANS荧光强度进一步增强和荧光谱的蓝移说明GDP可影响Bis-ANS在TIM分子上结合部位的构象,使其疏水性增强。我们还观察到由于结合在同一TIM分子上的Bis-ANS之间的能量传递引起的退偏振,进一步证明Bis-ANS有2个结合部位在1—2800bar压力范围里,增高压力引起结合在TIM分子上的Bis-ANS荧光进一步增强和光谱蓝移,说明TIM在压力下解离成亚基的过程中发生了Weber提出的"conformationaldrift。     

红花菜豆凝集素的荧光光谱学研究

利用荧光光谱方法研究了红花菜豆凝集素,结果表明ＰＣＬ分子各亚基中的两外色氨酸残基分别位于ＰＣＬ分子表面和分子内,标记了ＤＮＳ的ＰＣＬ荧光偏振研究指出,致使ＰＣＬ在１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＳＤＳ条件下失活的主要原因可能是亚基解离。荧光偏振研究还表明,甲状腺球蛋白、甘露聚糖,海参多糖硫酸酯可与ＰＣＬ结合,荧光探针ｂｉｓ－ＡＮＳ与ＰＣＬ的结合可引起明显的荧光增强和发射谱蓝移,表明ＰＣＬ分子中存有疏水区域,结合     

野花生豆凝集素的化学修饰与荧光光谱研究

野花生豆凝集素（ＣＭＬ）经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２００测得分子量为１０３．ＯｋＤ．用对二甲基氨基苯甲醛（ＤＡＢ）为显色剂,测得每个ＣＭＬ分子含有５．９个色氨酸残基．在ｐＨ５．１,含８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ脲的醋酸缓冲液中,Ｎ－溴代丁二酰亚胺（ＮＢＳ）可修饰ＣＭＬ分子中的５．６个色氨酸（Ｔｒｐ）残基,同时使ＣＭＬ的凝血活性完全丧失．用焦碳酸二乙酯（ＤＥＰＣ）和Ｎ－乙酰顺丁烯酰胺（ＮＥＭ）分别修饰ＣＭＬ的组氨酸残基和半胱氨酸巯基后,ＣＭＬ的活性均无变化．ＣＭＬ在天然状态下荧光发射峰位于３３６ｎｍ处,用ＣＭＬ的专一性抑制糖Ｎ－乙酰半乳糖胺研究色氨酸的微环境,发现Ｎ－乙酰半乳糖胺可以淬灭ＣＭＬ中８８％的色氨酸残基萤光,Ｓｔｅｒｎ－Ｖｏｌｍｅｒ常数Ｋ＝１．７３Ｌ／ｍｏｌ．同时发现Ｎ－乙酰半乳糖胺能够保护ＣＭＬ,避免ＮＢＳ对ＣＭＬ的修饰作用,表明色氨酸可能是ＣＭＬ维待活性所必需,并直接参与和专一性抑制糖的结合,其微环境较为疏水．     

红花菜豆凝集素的荧光光谱学研究

利用荧光光谱方法研究了红花菜豆凝集素（Ｐｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓｃｏｃｃｉｎｅｕｓｖａｒ．ｒｕｂｒｏｎａｎｕｓｌｅｃｔｉｎ,简称ＰＣＬ）,结果表明ＰＣＬ分子各亚基中的两个色氨酸（Ｔｒｐ）残基分别位于ＰＣＬ分子表面和分子内。标记了ＤＮＳ的ＰＣＬ荧光偏振研究指出,致使ＰＣＬ在１０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＳＤＳ条件下失活的主要原因可能是亚基解离。荧光偏振研究还表明,甲状腺球蛋白、甘露聚糖、海参多糖硫酸酯可与ＰＣＬ结合。荧光探针ｂｉｓ－ＡＮＳ与ＰＣＬ的结合可引起明显的荧光增强和发射谱蓝移,表明ＰＣＬ分子中存有疏水区域。结合了的ｂｉｓ－ＡＮＳ还可和ＰＣＬ中的Ｔｒｐ发生能量传递。     

Physicochemical and biological properties of 6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-cyclomaltoheptaose (6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin)

A unique multibranched cyclomaltooligosaccharide (cyclodextrin, CD) of 6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-cyclomaltoheptaose [6(1),6(3),6(5)-tri-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin, (G(2))(3)-betaCD] was prepared. The physicochemical and biological properties of (G(2))(3)-betaCD were determined together with those of monobranched CDs (6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-cyclodextrin (G(1)-alphaCD), 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (G(1)-betaCD), and 6-O-alpha-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (G(2)-betaCD)). NMR spectra of (G(2))(3)-betaCD were measured using various 2D NMR techniques. The solubility of (G(2))(3)-betaCD in water and MeOH-water solutions was extremely high in comparison with nonbranched betaCD and was about the same as that of the other monobranched betaCDs. The formation of an inclusion complex of (G(2))(3)-betaCD with stereoisomers (estradiol, retinoic acid, quinine, citral, and glycyrrhetinic acid) depends on the cis-trans isomers of guest compounds. The cis isomers of estradiol, retinoic acid, and glycyrrhetinic acid were included more than their trans isomers, while the trans isomers of citral and quinine fit more tightly than their cis isomers. (G(2))(3)-betaCD was the most effective host compound in the cis-trans resolution of glycyrrhetinic acid. Among the branched betaCDs, (G(2))(3)-betaCD exhibited the weakest hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes and showed negligible cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells up to 200 microM. These results indicate unique characteristics of (G(2))(3)-betaCD in some biological responses of cultured cells.     

Spectral and thermodynamic properties of Ag(I), Au(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), U(IV), and Zn(II) binding by methanobactin from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b

Methanobactin (mb) is a novel chromopeptide that appears to function as the extracellular component of a copper acquisition system in methanotrophic bacteria. To examine this potential physiological role, and to distinguish it from iron binding siderophores, the spectral (UV–visible absorption, circular dichroism, fluorescence, and X-ray photoelectron) and thermodynamic properties of metal binding by mb were examined. In the absence of Cu(II) or Cu(I), mb will bind Ag(I), Au(III), Co(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), U(VI), or Zn(II), but not Ba(II), Ca(II), La(II), Mg(II), and Sr(II). The results suggest metals such as Ag(I), Au(III), Hg(II), Pb(II) and possibly U(VI) are bound by a mechanism similar to Cu, whereas the coordination of Co(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) by mb differs from Cu(II). Consistent with its role as a copper-binding compound or chalkophore, the binding constants of all the metals examined were less than those observed with Cu(II) and copper displaced other metals except Ag(I) and Au(III) bound to mb. However, the binding of different metals by mb suggests that methanotrophic activity also may play a role in either the solubilization or immobilization of many metals in situ.     

Circular dichroism spectra of DNA quadruplexes [d(G(5)T(5))](4) as formed with G(4) and T(4) tetrads and [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))]2 as formed with Watson-Crick-like (G-C)(2) and (T-A)(2) tetrads

We utilize electrophoresis and find that a thermally treated equimolar mixture of the oligonucleotide d(G(5)T(5)) and its complementary oligonucleotide d(A(5)C(5)) exhibits either two bands or a single band in one lane, depending on the conditions of the incubation solutions. The thermally treated d(G(5)T(5)) solution loaded in a different lane exhibits a single band of the parallel quadruplex [d(G(5)T(5))](4), which is composed of homocyclic hydrogen-bonded G(4) and T(4) tetrads previously proposed. For the thermally treated equimolar mixture of d(G(5)T(5)) and d(A(5)C(5)), the fast band is assigned to a Watson-Crick d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5)) duplex, so that the slow band with the same low mobility as that of [d(G(5)T(5))](4) may be assigned to either [d(G(5)T(5))](4) itself or a [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))](2) quadruplex. If the latter compound is true, this may be the antiparallel quadruplex composed of the heterocyclic hydrogen-bonded G-C-G-C and T-A-T-A tetrads proposed previously. After removing these three bands for the duplex and two kinds of hypothetical quadruplexes, we electrophoretically elute the corresponding compounds in the same electrophoresis buffer using an electroeluter. The eluted compounds are ascertained to be stable by electrophoresis. The circular dichroism (CD) and UV absorption spectra measured for the three isolated compounds are found to be clearly different. For the electrophoretic elution of the hypothetical [d(G(5)T(5))](4) quadruplex, the result of the molecularity of n = 4 obtained from the CD melting curve analysis provides further support for the formation of the parallel [d(G(5)T(5))](4) quadruplex already proposed. For the thermally treated equimolar mixture of d(G(5)T(5)) and d(C(5)A(5)), the fast band with a molecularity of n = 2 corresponds to the Watson-Crick duplex, d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5)). The slow band with a molecularity of n = 4 indicates the antiparallel quadruplex [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))](2), whose observed CD and UV spectra are different from those of [d(G(5)T(5))](4). By electrophoresis, after reannealing the eluted compound [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))](2), a distinct photograph showing the band splitting of this quadruplex band into the lower duplex and upper quadruplex bands is not possible; but by a transilluminator, we occasionally observe this band splitting with the naked eye. The linear response polarizability tensor calculations for the thus determined structures of the [d(G(5)T(5))](4) quadruplex, the McGavin-like [d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5))](2) quadruplex, and the Watson-Crick d(G(5)T(5)). d(A(5)C(5)) duplex are found to qualitatively predict the observed CD and UV spectra.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of a blue-emitting Sr(3.5) Y(6.5) O(2) (PO(4) )(1.5) (SiO(4) )(4.5) :Eu(2+) phosphor

A novel blue‐emitting Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:Eu²⁺ phosphor was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5 host had a hexagonal crystal structure in the space group P6₃/m and unit cell parameters a = 9.418 Å, c = 6.900 Å. The as‐prepared phosphor showed a blue emission and all the main emission peaks were located at around 466 nm for different excitation wavelengths of 297, 333 and 391 nm. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence property was investigated in the range 20–250 °C, and the emission intensity decreased to 71% of the initial value at room temperature on increasing the temperature to 150 °C. According to the classical theory of fluorescent thermal quenching, the activation energy (ΔE) for the thermal quenching luminescence of the as‐prepared Sr_3.45Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:0.05Eu²⁺ phosphor was determined to be 0.20 eV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The frequencies of Gm(1), Gm(2), Gm(4), Gm(12), and Inv(1) in Hessen (Germany)

Summary The serum groups Gm(1) [Gm(a)], Gm(2) [Gm(x)], Gm(4) [Gm(f)]. Gm(12) [Gm(b)] and Inv(1) [Inv(1)] of 2000 sera of healthy blood donors from the land Hesse were examined. The results obtained were compared with those known until now. Three persons, not related to each other, possessed the extremely rare phenotype Gm(-1, 2, 4, 12) [Gm (a-x+b+f+)]. In 0.75% of the cases we found a discordant behaviour of the factors Gm(4) and Gm(12) [Gm(f) and Gm(b)].

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Zusammenfassung 2000 Seren von gesunden Blutspendern aus Hessen wurden bezüglich der Gamma-Globulin-Serumgruppen Gm(1) [Gm(a)], Gm(2) [Gm(x)], Gm(4) [Gm(f)]. Gm(12) [Gm(b)] und Inv(1) [Inv(1)] untersucht. Die gefundenen Resultate wurden mit den bisher bekannten verglichen. Drei miteinander nicht verwandte Personen wiesen den äußerst seltenen Phänotyp Gm(-1, 2, 4, 12) [Gm(a-x+b+f+)] auf. In 0.75% der Fälle fanden wir ein diskordantes Verhalten der Faktoren Gm(4) und Gm(12) [Gm(f) und Gm(b)].

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Director: Prof. Dr. W. Wachsmuth

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Director: Prof. Dr. W. Spielmann

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The nomenclature suggested by WHO at a round-table conference over genes, genotypes and allotypes of immunglobulins is used. The conference took place in Geneva on the 1965 31. 5. to the 5. 6. [5].

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With technical assistance of S. Mohs.     

New complexes of La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III) and Gd(III) ions with morin

New solid complex compounds of La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Eu(III) and Gd(III) ions with morin were synthesized. The molecular formula of the complexes is Ln(C₁₅H₉O₇)₃ · nH₂O, where Ln is the cation of lanthanide and n = 6 for La(III), Sm(III), Gd(III) or n = 8 for Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III) and Eu(III). Thermogravimetric studies and the values of dehydration enthalpy indicate that water occurring in the compounds is not present in the inner coordination sphere of the complex. The structure of the complexes was determined on the basis of UV-visible, IR, MS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR analyses. It was found that in binding the lanthanide ions the following groups of morin take part: 3OH and 4CO in the case of complexes of La, Pr, Nd, Sm and Eu, or 5OH and 4CO in the case of complexes of Ce and Gd. The complexes are five- and six-membered chelate compounds.